2022年考研考博-考博英语-浙江工商大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号40

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-浙江工商大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Ithinkitadvisablethathe（

）Tokyosoon.

问题1选项

A.willleave

B.mayleave

C.leave

D.leaves

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。由“itisnecessary/important/advisable/anxious/essential...”等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气（即should+动词原形或只用动词原形）知C项“leave”正确。

2.单选题

Aftersomanyweekswithoutrain,thegroundquickly（

）thelittlerainthatfelllastnight.

问题1选项

A.skipped

B.soaked

C.retrieved

D.absorbed

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项skip“跳跃、遗漏”；B选项soak“浸湿”；C选项retrieve“检索、恢复”；D选项absorb“吸收、承受”，由题干可推测地面快速“吸收”雨水，句意为：这么多星期没有下雨，地面很快吸收了昨晚的少量雨水。故正确答案选D。

3.单选题

Ifindrecordsareoften（

）orbetterthananactualperformance.

问题1选项

A.asgoodas

B.asgood

C.good

D.goodas

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。由句中关键词“orbetterthananactualperformance或比实际演出更好”的对应知空格处指代“与实际演出一样好”，由此知A项“asgoodas与……一样好”正确。

4.单选题

Cultural（

）indicatesthathumanbeingshandtheirlanguagesdownfromonegenerationtoanother.

问题1选项

A.translation

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transaction

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】名词辨析题。本题考查词义和词形相近的单词辨析。A选项translation“翻译”，B选项transition“过渡、转变”；C选项transmission“传递、传播”；D选项transaction“交易、事务”。根据题干that引导的从句的意思“人类将自己的语言一代一代传递下去。”可知空格部分单词意思为“传播”，句意为：文化传播表明人类将自己的语言一代一代传递下去。因此正确答案选C。

5.单选题

IttookthemediaawhiletoacknowledgethatmostofKatrina’svictimswereblack.Apparently,itwilltakelongertomentionthatmostofthevictimswerewomenandchildren.Inoticedthreecommentatorswhobroughtupthedelicatesubjectofthemostlymissingmales—GeorgeWill,GaiyBauer,andThomasBray,acolumnistfortheDetroitNews.Willnotedthat76percentofbirthstoLouisiana’sAfrican—Americansaretounmarriedwomen,andprobablymorethan80percentareinNewOrleans,sincethatistheusualestimateinotherinnercities.Willwrote:“Thattranslatesintoalargeandconstantlyrenewedcohortoflightlyparentedadolescentmales,andthattranslatesintochaos,inneighborhoodsandschools,comerainorcomeshine.”

Agooddealofhardevidenceshowsthatthisisso.Twodecadesofresearchproducedaconsensusamongsocialscientistsofbothleftandrightthatfamilystructurehasaseriousimpactonchildren,evenwhencontrollingforincome,race,andothervariables.Inotherwords,wearenottalkingaboutaproblemofracebutaboutaproblemoffamilyformationor,rather,thelackofit.Thebestoutcomesforchildren―whetherinacademicperformance,avoidanceofcrimeanddrugs,orfinancialandeconomicsuccess—arealmostinvariablyproducedbymarriedbiologicalparents.Theworstresultsarebynever-marriedwomen.

Inapolicybriefreleasedlastweek,theWashington-basedInstituteforMarriageandPublicPolicy,lookedat23recentstudiesdealingwithfamilystructureandyouthcrime.In19ofthe20studiesthatfoundfamilystructuretohaveaneffect,childrenfromnonintactorsingle-parentfamilieshadahigherrateofcrimeordelinquency.Neighborhoodswithlotsofout-of-wedlockbirthshavelotsofcrime.Unfortunately,onestudysaidthatthemoresingle-parentfamiliestherewereinaneighborhood,themorecrimetherewasamongtwo-parentkidslivingaroundthem.Again,thesestudiesarecontrolledforrace.Adolescentsinsingle-parentfamilieswerealmosttwiceaslikelytohavepulledaknifeoragunonsomeoneinthepastyear.Thiswasaftercontrollingformanydemographicvariables,includingrace,gender,age,householdincome,andeducationallevelofparents.

Inalargesampleofstudentsin315classroomsin11cities,the“singlemostimportantvariable”inganginvolvementwasfoundtobefamilystructure.Inotherwords,thegreaterthenumberofparentsathome,thelowerthelevelofganginvolvement.AstudyofAmericanIndianfamiliesfoundthatlivinginatwo-parentfamilyreducedganginvolvementbymorethan50percent.

Anotherstudyconcludedthatout-of-wedlockchildbearinghadalargeeffectontherateofarrestsformurder,aneffectthat“seemstohavegottenstrongerovertime.”

“Adolescentsinmarried,two-biological-parentfamiliesgenerallyfarebetterthanchildreninanyofthefamilytypesexaminedhere.”onestudyreported.Theotherfamilytypesstudiedweresinglemother,cohabitingstepfather,andmarriedstepfatherfamilies.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.Thebestresultsforchildrencomealmostcertainlyfrom（

）.

3.Thephrase“out-of-wedlockbirths”(Line4,Paragraph3)probablymeans（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueofchildren’sganginvolvement?

5.Whichisagoodfamilystructureforchildbearing?

问题1选项

A.GeorgeWillisworkingfortheDetroitNews.

B.LotsofblackwomenandchildrenwerekilledbyKatrina.

C.Unmarriedmalesoftenfeeleasilywiththeirchildren.

D.Lessthan20%birthstoNewOrleans’Americansaretomarriedwomen.

问题2选项

A.variousheavysocialpressures

B.theeconomystatusoftheirfamily

C.theircompletefamilyformation

D.theracewhichtheybelongto

问题3选项

A.homelesskids

B.two-parentkids

C.kidswithstep-father

D.kidswithnomarriedparents

问题4选项

A.Thereisonlyonethingthatinfluenceschildren’ganginvolvement.

B.ChildrenofAmericanIndianfamilieshaveahighlevelofganginvolvement.

C.Childrenoftwo-parentfamilieshavealowerlevelofganginvolvement.

D.Childrenoftwo-parentfamilieshavenoganginvolvement.

问题5选项

A.Atwo-biological-parentfamily.

B.Aout-of-wedlockfamily.

C.Asingle-motherfamily.

D.Amarriedstepfatherfamily.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段“IttookthemediaawhiletoacknowledgethatmostofKatrina’svictimswereblack.Apparently,itwilltakelongertomentionthatmostofthevictimswerewomenandchildren.媒体花了一段时间才承认卡特里娜飓风的受害者大多是黑人。显然，要提到大多数受害者是妇女和儿童，还需要更长的时间。”由此可知B选项“很多黑人妇女和儿童被卡特里娜飓风杀死”正确。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段第二、三、四句，句意为：经过20年的研究，左右两派社会科学家达成了一个共识，即家庭结构对孩子有着严重的影响，即使在控制了收入、种族和其他变量的情况下也是如此。换句话说，我们讨论的不是种族问题，而是家庭形成的问题，或者说是家庭缺乏的问题。对孩子来说，最好的结果——无论是学业成绩、避免犯罪和吸毒，还是财务和经济上的成功——几乎都是由已婚的亲生父母带来的。由此可知家庭结构对一个儿童的影响力是非常大的，因此选项C符合题意。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“In19ofthe20studiesthatfoundfamilystructuretohaveaneffect,childrenfromnonintactorsingle-parentfamilieshadahigherrateofcrimeordelinquency.在20项研究中，有19项发现家庭结构对孩子有影响，来自不完整或单亲家庭的孩子犯罪率更高。”可以推断出D选项“有着未婚父母的小孩”正确。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第四段“Inotherwords,thegreaterthenumberofparentsathome,thelowerthelevelofganginvolvement.换句话说，在家的父母数量越多，孩子加入帮会的可能性就越低”的对应可推知C“双亲家庭的小孩参加帮会的可能性较低”正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段“Thebestoutcomesforchildren―whetherinacademicperformance,avoidanceofcrimeanddrugs,orfinancialandeconomicsuccess—arealmostinvariablyproducedbymarriedbiologicalparents.对孩子来说，最好的结果——无论是学业成绩、避免犯罪和吸毒，还是财务和经济上的成功——几乎都是由已婚的亲生父母带来的。”由此可知A选项“有两个亲生父母的家庭”正确。

6.单选题

Lastyearaboothforsimultaneousinterpretationwasfinallysetup（

）governmentaid.

问题1选项

A.inaidof

B.byvirtueof

C.inlightof

D.inrespectof

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查介词词组辨析。A选项inaidof“为了帮助”；B选项byvirtueof“凭借，由于，因为”；C选项inlightof“根据；鉴于”；D选项inrespectof“关于，涉及”。governmentaid在句中做状语，根据上下文可知byvirtueof“凭借，由于，因为”符合题意，句意为：去年，在政府的援助下，终于建立了一个同声传译的展位。故答案选B。

7.单选题

Itwas1961,andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableand,thethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare.MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymulti-familyhouseinDetroit.WewatchedTVeverynight.Thebackgroundnoiseofourliveswasgunfireandhorses’hoofsfrom“WagonTrain”or“Cheyenne”andlaughterfrom“ILoveLucy”,or“MisterEd”.Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.

ButonedayMomchangedourworldforever.SheturnedofftheTV.Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.But,shewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhousesshecleaned—books.Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.“Youboysaregoingtoreadtwobookseveryweek,”shesaid.“Andyou’regoingtowritemeareportonwhatyouread.”

Wemoanedandcomplainedabouthowunfairitwas.Besides,wedidn’thaveanybooksinthehouseotherthanMom’sBible.Butsheexplainedthatwewouldgowherethebookswere:“I’lldriveyoutothelibrary.”

Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.Ilovedanimals,sowhenIsawsomebooksthatseemedtobeaboutanimals,Istartedleafingthroughthem.

ThefirstbookIreadclearthroughwasChiptheDamBuilder.Itwasaboutbeavers.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIwaslostinanotherworld.Notelevisionprogramhadevertakenmesofarawayfrommysurroundingsasdidthisverbalvisittoacoldstreaminaforestandtheseanimalsbuildingahome.

Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwiththeflipofapage.

SoonIbegantolookforwardtovisitingthishushedsanctuaryfrommyotherworld.Imovedfromanimalstoplants,andthentorocks.Betweenthecoversofallthosebookswerewholeworlds,andIwasfreetogoanywhereinthem.Alongthewayafunnythinghappened:Istartedtoknowthings.Teachersstartedtonoticeittoo.IgottothepointwhereIcouldn’twaittogethometomybooks.

NowmyolderbrotherisanengineerandIamchiefofpediatricneurosurgeryatJohnHopkinsChildren’sCenterinBaltimore.SometimesIstillcan’tbelievemylife’sjourney,fromafailingandindifferentstudentinaDetroitpublicschooltothisposition,whichtakesmeallovertheworldtoteachandperformcriticalsurgery.

ButIknowwhenthejourneybegan—thedayMomsnappedofftheTVsetandputusinherOldsmobileforthatdrivetothelibrary.

1.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheauthor’sfamily?

3.Themotherwasto（

）makehertwosonsswitchtoreadingbooks.

4.Howdidthetwoboysfeelaboutgoingtothelibraryatfirst?

5.TheauthorbegantolovebooksforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.theauthorandhisbrotherhaddonepoorlyinschool

B.theauthorhadrealizedhowimportantschoolingwas

C.theauthorhadbeenveryconcernedabouthisschoolwork

D.theauthorhadspentmuchtimewatchingTVafterschool

问题2选项

A.Hismotherworkedasacleaner.

B.Hecamefromamiddle-classfamily. 

C.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

问题3选项

A.hesitant

B.determined

C.reluctant

D.unprepared

问题4选项

A.Theywereafraid.

B.Theywerereluctant.

C.Theywereindifferent.

D.Theywereeagertogo.

问题5选项

A.hebegantoseesomethinginhismind

B.hecouldgobacktoreadthebooksagain

C.hecouldvisualizewhathereadinhismind

D.herealizedthatbooksofferedhimnewexperience

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“Itwas1961,andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableand,thethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare...WewatchedTVeverynight.那是1961年，我在五年级。我在学校的成绩很糟糕，问题是，我还并不在意……我们每天晚上看电视。”可知选项D符合题意。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到第一段“MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymulti-familyhouseinDetroit.我和我的哥哥和妈妈住在底特律一个昏暗的多户人家共同居住的房子里。”可知作者家境并不好，故答案选B。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。文章第二三段描述了作者的母亲回到家关上电视要让他们开始读书，每周读两本并写报告，家里没书就开车送他们去图书馆等等，由此可知母亲是下定决心让儿子们读书，因此答案选B。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第四段“Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.所以很快就有两个坏脾气的男孩坐在她的白色1959年的奥兹莫比尔汽车上，在去底特律公共图书馆的路上。”可知他们不情愿去图书馆，故答案选B。

5.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第六段“Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwiththeflipofapage.当时我并没有意识到这一点，但这段经历和看电视完全不同。在我的脑海里形成了一些图像，而不是在我眼前。我可以翻过一页，一次又一次地回到他们身边。”可知作者爱上读书是因为书能给他全新的感受，让他浮想联翩，而不是因为他能反复地读这些书，因此答案选B。

8.单选题

WhenexecutivesatGooglewentlookingforWallStreetinvestmentbankerstounderwritethecompany’smassiveinitialpublicoffering,theylaiddownstricttermsofengagement:bringusnewideasonhowtosellthedealtoinvestorsandsavetheusualpoliticalgamesmanship.Butwithsuchahugepaydayatstake—anestimated$100millioninfeesforhandlingtheoffering—wouldyouexpectallthebigfirmstoplaybytheGooglerules?Ofcoursenot,justaskGoldmanSachs.

TowinachunkoftheGooglebusiness,Goldman,thenation’spremierinvestmentbank,setfreeitsCEO:HankPaulson,topullsomestrings.PaulsonisoneofWallStreet’sbest“callmen”,whocanwaveaPalmPDAfullofconnectionswhenit’scrunchtimetobringhomeadeal.ButNewsweekhaslearnedthatPaulsontriedtosidestepGoogle’sordersbyreachingouttooneofGoogle’slargestinvestors,KleinerPerkins,thepowerfulventure-capitalfirmthatwasanearlyGooglebacker.ThemovehelpeddoomGoldman’seffortstowintheleadunderwritingspot,whichwentinsteadtoCreditSuisseFirstBostonandMorganStanley.

PaulsonthoughthisbestshotwasJohnDoerr,oneofKleiner’stoppartners.Badmove,whenwordofPaulson’smisstepgotbacktoGoogle’stopexecutives,Goldmanwasquicklybumpedfromthetopoftheshortlist.“ThepeopleatGoogleweresuchenthusiastsabouttherules,”saidoneexecutivewhoworksatarivalWallStreetfirm.“Whentheyheardaboutthis,theywentape.”Noneofthepartiesinvolved—Google,GoldmanSachsorDoerr—wouldcomment.

Thetwowinners,CSFBandMorganStanley,managedtokeepalowprofile.JohnMack,CSFB’sfamouslywell-connectedchiefexecutive,purposelystayedoutofthebiddingprocessforfearthathemighttipthescalestoanotherplayer,peoplewithknowledgeofthemattersay.Meanwhile,newrulesforWallStreetresearchanalystsappeartohavepreventedMaryMeeker,MorganStanley’stopInternetanalyst,fromplayingadirectrole,eventhoughsheandDoerrhavedonebusinesstogetherforyears.

Goldman,meanwhile,can’tblameitslossjustonPaulson.PeopleclosetothedealsaybankersforthefirmbraggedtoGoogleabouttheGoldmanname,anddidn’tgenerateenoughideasabouthowtosellsharestoinvestorsthroughanauction.“TheirlackofmarketingwitmayhavehurtthemmorethanPaulson,”saidtheexecutivefromarivalfirm.Sometimes,itreallydoespaytoplaybytherules.

1.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?

2.HankPaulson’snameismentionedtoshowthat（

）.

3.Thespeakerinthethirdparagraphthinksthat（

）.

4.JohnMackandMaryMeekersharedsimilaritiesinthattheyboth（

）.

5.GoldmanmightlearnalessonfromGoogle’sdealthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.GooglefollowedtherulesofWallStreet.

B.GoldmanSachsdisobeyedGoogle’srules.

C.GoldmanSachsfollowedGoogle’srules.

D.BigfirmsinWallStreetareafraidofGoogle.

问题2选项

A.heisafamousbankerinWallStreet

B.hefailedbyfollowingGoogle’srules

C.helostGoogle’sdealbyusinggamesmanship

D.helostGoogle’sdealtohisrivals

问题3选项

A.JohnDoerrwasthebestshotforPaulson

B.GoldmanwaswronginGoogle’sdeal

C.GooglemadeafussaboutPaulson’sact

D.Googlefollowedtherulesperfectly

问题4选项

A.behavedwithdeliberaterestraintormodesty

B.purposelystayedoutofthebiddingprocess

C.workedtogetherwithDoerrforyears

D.tippedthescaletotheirrivals

问题5选项

A.theyshouldnotunleashitsCEOtopullsomestrings

B.theyshouldalwaysplaybytherules

C.Paulsonisnottherightpersontoleadthehank

D.it’svitaltohavegoodperceptioninmarketing

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。定位到文章第一段“Butwithsuchahugepaydayatstake—anestimated$100millioninfeesforhandlingtheoffering—wouldyouexpectallthebigfirmstoplaybytheGooglerules?Ofcoursenot,justaskGoldmanSachs.但是，考虑到如此巨额的发薪日——估计有1亿美元用于处理股票发行的费用——你还指望所有的大公司都遵守谷歌规则吗？当然不是，问问高盛公司就知道了。”由此可得到B选项“高盛公司不服从谷歌的规定”符合题意。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段“ButNewsweekhaslearnedthatPaulsontriedtosidestepGoogle’sordersbyreachingouttooneofGoogle’slargestinvestors,KleinerPerkins,thepowerfulventure-capitalfirmthatwasanearlyGooglebacker.ThemovehelpeddoomGoldman’seffortstowintheleadunderwritingspot,whichwentinsteadtoCreditSuisseFirstBostonandMorganStanley.但《新闻周刊》获悉，保尔森试图绕过谷歌的指令，与谷歌最大的投资者之一、实力强大的风险投资公司凯鹏华盈接洽。这家公司是谷歌的早期支持者。这一举动使高盛赢得主承销席位的努力陷入了失败，最终被瑞士信贷第一波士顿（CSFB）和摩根士丹利（MorganStanley）取代。”由此可知保尔森虽然用了些手段，但是没有赢得谷歌的生意，因此选项C正确。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“‘ThepeopleatGoogleweresuchenthusiastsabouttherules’,saidoneexecutivewhoworksatarivalWallStreetfirm.‘谷歌的人对这些规则是如此狂热’，在其竞争对手华尔街公司工作的一名高管表示。”由此可知谷歌公司是非常重视商业投标的规则，并且十分遵守规则的。因此选项D符合题意。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第四段“Thetwowinners,CSFBandMorganStanley,managedtokeepalowprofile.瑞士信贷第一波士顿（CSFB）和摩根士丹利（MorganStanley）这两家赢家设法保持了低调。”和“purposelystayedoutofthebiddingprocessfor…甚至是故意和招标过程保持距离。”由此可知A选项“有意克制或谦虚的行为举止”是两个人的共同之处，因此选A。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段“‘TheirlackofmarketingwitmayhavehurtthemmorethanPaulson,’saidtheexecutivefromarivalfirm.他们缺乏营销智慧对他们的伤害可能比保尔森更大。”由此可知拥有营销洞察力在竞争中是十分重要的因素，因此D选项“goodperceptioninmarketing良好的营销感知能力”符合题意，因此选D。

9.单选题

Untilrecently,womeninadvertisementswereoneofthreethings—anapron,aglamorousdressorafrown.Althoughthatisnowchanging,manywomenstillfeelangryenoughtodefaceoffendingadvertisementswithstickersprotesting,“Thisaddegradeswomen.”Whydoesthissortofadvertisingexist?Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer?

TheAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(thebodywhichdealswithcomplaintsaboutprintmedia)iscarryingoutaresearchintohowwomenfeelaboutthewaytheyareportrayedinadvertisements.Itsconclusionsarelikelytobewhattheadvertisingindustryalreadyknows:althoughwomenareoftenirritatedbythewaytheyareseeninads,fewfeelstronglyenoughtocomplain.

Womenarenottheonlyvictimsofpoorandboringstereotypes—inmanyTVcommercialsmenareseeneitherasuseless,childishoafs(笨蛋)whoareunabletoperformthesimplesthouseholdtasks,orasinconsiderateboors,permanentlyonthelookoutforanescapetothepub.Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.

YetaccordingtoEmmaBennett,executivecreativedirectorofaLondonadvertisingagency,womenarenotinfuriatedbystereotypesandsexistadvertising.Ittendstowashoverthem,theyarenotmilitantorangry—theyjustfinditannoyingortiresome.Theyreluctantlyacceptoutdatedstereotypes,butheaveasighofreliefwhenanadvertisementreallygetsitright.

Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.“Researchershaveoftenaskedthewrongquestions.Themostimportantthingistheadvertisement’stoneofvoice.Womenhatebeingpatronized,flatteredorgivendesperatelydown-to-earthcommonsenseadvice.”

Intheend,theresponsibilityforgoodadvertisingmustbesharedbetweentheadvertiser,theadvertisingagencyandtheconsumer.Advertisingdoesnotsettrendsbutitreflectsthem.Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.

1.Despiterecentchangesinattitudes,someadvertisementsstillfailto（

）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,thecommonestfaultofpresent-dayadvertisingisto（

）.

3.EmmaBennettsuggeststhatadvertisementoughtto（

）.

4.Ultimatelytheadvertisingindustryshould（

）.

5.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatinordertoimproveadvertisingthecustomershould（

）.

问题1选项

A.changewomen’sopinionsofthemselves

B.meettheneedsoftheadvertisingindustry

C.persuadethepublictobuycertainproducts

D.showanyunderstandingofwomen’sfeelings

问题2选项

A.presentamisleadingimageofwomen

B.ignoreprotestsagainstadvertisements

C.misrepresenttheactivitiesofmen

D.condemntheroleofthehousewife

问题3选项

A.usemaleimagesinsteadoffemaleones

B.givefurtheremphasistopracticaladvice

C.changetheirstyleratherthantheircontent

D.paymorecomplimentstowomenthanbefore

问题4选项

A.takeitsjobmoreearnestly

B.domorepioneeringwork

C.takenoticeofthepublicopinion

D.concentrateontheproductsadvertised

问题5选项

A.takenonoticeofwhatisreflectedinads

B.remindadvertisersofwhathavebeenoverlooked

C.takeoverthemanagementofadvertisingagencies

D.refusetobuyproductsmisrepresentedbysomeads

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段最后一句中“Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer？广告商和广告公司怎么能在经过数月的研究之后，还能生产出冒犯消费者的广告呢？”可推知一些广告仍然没有对消费者的感受表示出任何理解的迹象，故答案选D。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.但是，女性似乎首当其冲地承受着这个行业明显的无能，无法将人们置于真实的当今环境中。”可推知作者认为当前的广告最普遍的错误就是没有把女性放在真实的处境中，呈现出不真实的女性形象，答案选A。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第五段第一句“Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.她说，困扰女性的并不是广告对家庭主妇角色的使用，而是在于处理它的方式。”由此可推断她建议广告应该改变方式，而不是内容，故答案选C。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。结合文章最后一段可知优秀的广告应该由广告商、广告机构和消费者共同完成，由此可推断广告业应该注重民意。答案选C。

5.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章最后一段“Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.消费者应该告诉广告商他们失败的地方；而改变的过程将会非常缓慢，直到作为接受方的消费者认真对待这件事，并让他们的感觉被广告商知道。”由此可知答案选B。

10.单选题

Asahigh-levelexecutive（

）agroupofmanagers,youmayfindtheseguidelineshelpful.

问题1选项

A.talking

B.speaking

C.addressing

D.discussing

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项talk“说，谈话”；B选项speak“讲话，发言”；C选项address“演讲，致词”；D选项discuss“讨论”，四个选项意思相近，但是talk强调动作双方沟通，speak侧重单方的讲话，address指在某活动或者工作中的发言，句意为：当你作为高管向一群经理演讲时，你可能会发现这些指导方针很有帮助。故选项C更符合题意。

11.单选题

Bythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm“icebox”hadenteredtheAmericanlanguage,buticewasstillonlybeginningtoaffectthedietofordinarycitizensintheUnitedStates.Theicetradegrewwiththegrowthofcities.Icewasusedinhotels,taverns,andhospitals,andbysomeforward-lookingcitydealersinfreshmeat,freshfish,andbutter.AftertheCivilWar(1861-1865),asicewasusedtorefrigeratefreightcars,italsocameintohouseholduse.Evenbefore1880,halftheicesoldinNewYork,Philadelphia,andBaltimore,andone-thirdofthatsoldinBostonandChicago,wenttofamiliesfortheirownuse.Thishadbecomepossiblebecauseanewhouseholdconvenience,theicebox,aprecursorofthemodernrefrigerator,hadbeeninvented.

Makinganefficienticeboxwasnotaseasyaswemightnowsuppose.Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.Thecommonsensenotionthatthebesticeboxwasonethatpreventedtheicefrommeltingwasofcoursemistaken,foritwasthemeltingoftheicethatperformedthecooling.

Nevertheless,earlyeffortstoeconomizeiceincludedwrappingtheiceinblankets,whichkepttheicefromdoingitsjob.Notuntilneartheendofthenineteenthcenturydidinventorsachievethedelicatebalanceofinsulationandcirculationneededforanefficienticebox.

Butasearlyas1803,aningeniousMarylandfarmer,ThomasMoore,hadbeenontherighttrack.HeownedafarmabouttwentymilesoutsidethecityofWashington,forwhichthevillageofGeorgetownwasthemarketcenter.Whenheusedaniceboxofhisowndesigntotransporthisbuttertomarket,hefoundthatcustomerswouldpassuptherapidlymeltingstuffinthetubsofhiscompetitorstopayapremiumpriceforhisbutter,stillfreshandhardinneat,one-poundbricks.Oneadvantageofhisicebox,moreexplained,wasthatfarmerswouldnolongerhavetotraveltomarketatnightinordertokeeptheirproducecool.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasanobstacletothedevelopmentoftheicebox?

3.Theword“rudimentary”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

4.Accordingtotheinformationinthesecondparagraph,anidealiceboxwould（

）.

5.TheauthordescribesThomasMooreashavingbeen“ontherighttrack”(Lines1-2,Para.3)toindicatethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Theinfluenceoficeonthediet.

B.Thedevelopmentofrefrigeration.

C.Thetransportationofgoodstomarket.

D.Sourcesoficeinthenineteenthcentury.

问题2选项

A.Theuseofinsufficientinsulation.

B.Inadequateunderstandingofphysics.

C.Thelackofanetworkforthedistributionofice.

D.Competitionamongtheownersofrefrigeratedfreightcars.

问题3选项

A.growing

B.necessary

C.undeveloped

D.uninteresting

问题4选项

A.stopairfromcirculating

B.allowicetomeltslowly

C.useblanketstoconserveice

D.completelypreventicefrommelting

问题5选项

A.Moore’sactionswerehonest

B.Moore’sfamilywasprosperous

C.Moore’sdesignwasfairlysuccessful

D.Moore’sfarmwasclosetotheWashingtonmarketeD.completelypreventicefrommelting

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。分析文章，第一段讲了“冰盒”这个冰箱原始的名称出现的时间，以及时间上的发展。第二段和第三段都是围绕冰箱，也就是制冷的发展的各个方面来展开的。故正确答案选B。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节判断题。定位到文章第二段“Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.19世纪早期，人们关于热物理学的知识十分有限，而这对于制冷科学是至关重要的”和最后一句“Notuntilneartheendofthenineteenthcenturydidinventorsachievethedelicatebalanceofinsulationandcirculationneededforanefficienticebox.直到19世纪末，发明家才实现了高效冰箱所需的隔热和流通的微妙平衡。”由此可知，答案选B。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】语义推测题。定位到文章第二段第二句“Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.19世纪早期，人们关于热物理学的知识十分有限，而这对于制冷科学是至关重要的”。本句rudimentary是句子的表语，主语是theknowl