中庸论语英语简介课件

中庸&论语

TheDoctrineoftheMean&TheConfucianAnalectsEL111谢冰玉

中庸TheDoctrineoftheMean

TheDoctrineoftheMean

isanotheressayinTheBookofRites(《礼记》）.AsisterchaptertoTheGreatLerning（《大学》）,isabouttheConfucianismphilosophyoflife.AccodingtotheConfucianscholarsoftheSongDynasty,whileTheGreatlearningisagatewaytoperfectvirtue,TheDoctrineoftheMeanteachesthewaysoftheworld.ZhongyongortheMean,atypicalConfucianconcept,iscomposedoftwoChinesecharaters.Zhongmeansneithertoomanynottoofew,neithertoomuchnortoolittle;andyongmeansneitheroutstatndingnorcommon.Therefore,accordingtotheConfucianscholars,whatevertheydoandwhomevertheyhappentodealwith,peopleshouldalwaysadheretothisprinciple.Thisisthespirtofthehappymedium,whichisindeedthehighestprincipleofConfucianismregardingthewaysoflife.Thebook,writtenintheearlyHanDynasty,wassaidtobecomposedbyZisi,agrandsonofConfucius`,anditwaslaterpasseddowntoMencius.ZhuXidividedthebookinto33chapters.ThefirstchapterisPandect（总论）.Accordingtothebook,loyalty,filialpiety,benevolenceandloveareallparthumannature.Everythingwillbefineprovidedpeopleletnaturetakeitscourse.However,thefactisnoteverybodycandoso.Thereforeitisnecessaryforpeopletoreceiveeducation,andtrytoperfectthemselves.Ifeveryonemakesstrictdemandsonhimself/herself,anddoseeverythingaccordingtotheConfucianrites,thentherelationsbetweenthekingandtheminister,thefatherandthesonwilleventuallybeharmonized,andthesocietywillgosmoothly.Thisiswhatiscalledthe"ConfucianWayoftheHeart".Unfortunatelythisisnoteasilyachievedinthereallife.Asaresult,anewconceptchengorsincerityisputforwardinTheDoctrineofehMean,whichisalsoregardedaspartofhumannature.Ifpeoplearealwayssincerebycultivatingthemselves.Onlythiscanhelpthemtofollwotherightway,thatis,thegoldenmean.中庸节选天命之谓性，率性之谓道，修道之谓教。WhatHeavenhasconferrediscalledTheNature;anaccordancewiththisnatureiscalledThePathofduty;theregulationofthispathiscalledInstruction.道也者，不可须臾离也，可离非道也。是故君子戒慎乎其所不睹，恐惧乎其所不闻。莫见乎隐，莫显乎微，故君子慎其独也。Thepathmaynotbeleftforaninstant.Ifitcouldbeleft,itwouldnotbethepath.Onthisaccount,thesuperiormandoesnotwaittillheseesthings,tobecautious,nortillhehearsthings,tobeapprehensiveThereisnothingmorevisiblethanwhatissecret,andnothingmoremanifestthanwhatisminute.Thereforethesuperiormaniswatchfuloverhimself,whenheisalone.论语TheConfucianAnalectsTheConfucianAnalectsorTheAnalectsisacollectionofthesayingsandteachingsofConfuciusandhisdisciples.ItwascomplesmadeaccordingtotheanswerstheMastergavetotheirquestions.DuringtheHanDynasty,thereweretwoversionsofTheAnalects,theOldTextsandtheNewTexts.Theoldversionswascomposedof21chapters,andtherewereasmanyasthreeNewTextsversions:theQiversionof20chapters,theLuversionof20chaptersandananonymousversionof19chapters,allofwhicharenonexistenttoday.Thepresent-dayAnalectsisbasedontheLuvision,whichembodiestheConfucianconceptofrenorhumanlityorbenevolence.Renisrichincontent,andvariedinform.Thecoreoftheconceptis"Thebenevolentloveothers"oruniversallove,whichisthebasicvirtueofagentlemanofnoblecharacter.Confuciusbelievesthatbeingbenevolentdoesnotmeanbeingwithoutprinciples.Oneshouldbeclearaboutwahttoloveorhate.Rencomesfromlearningandself-cultivation;itcanbeseenfromaperson`sappearance.Sureenoughliorritesandyue.Withoutren,lioryuewouldbemeaningless.Apartfromren,Confuciusputforwardanotherconcept,whichisyiorrighteousness.Yiisthecoddsofconductunderthetheguidanceofren."Whilethegentlemancherishesarespectforthelaw,thesmallmancherishesgeneroustreatment."Inshort,TheAnalectsisterseandrefinedinlanguage,andrichanvariedinform.论语选句吾日三省吾身。为人谋，而不忠乎？与朋友交，而不信乎？传，不习乎？EverydayIexaminemyselfonthesethreepoints:inactingonbehalfofothers,haveIalwaysbeenloyaltotheirinterests?Inintercoursewithmyfriends,haveialwaysbeentruetomyword?Haveifailedtorepeatthepreceptsthathavebeenhandeddowntome?夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之（政policy)。Ourmastergetsthingsbybeingcordial,frank,courteous,temperate,deferential.ThatisourMaster'swayofenquiring--averydifferentmat