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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-河北农业大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

TheoldestlivingthingsonEartharetrees.SomeofCalifornia’ssequoiashaveforfourthousandyearslookeddownonthechangesinthelandscapeandthecomingsandgoingsofhumans.TheysproutedfromtinyseedsaboutthetimetheEgyptianpyramidswerebeingbuilt.Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow,likecathedralcolumnsholdingupthesky.Itishardtoimaginethemplayinganypartinthelivesofmerehumansorbeinginanywayaffectedbythecreaturesthatpassattheirfeet.

Lessertrees,however,haveplayedanintimateroleinthelivesofpeoplesincetheyfirstappearedonEarth.Treesfedthefiresthatwarmedhumans:theyprovidedshelter,foodandmedicineandevenclothing.Theyalsoshapedpeople’sspiritualhorizons.Treesexpressedthegrandeurandmysteryoflife,astheymovedthroughthecycleofseasons,fromlifetodeathandbacktolifeagain.Treeswerethelargestlivingthingsaroundhumansandtheyknewthatsometreeshadbeenstandingonthesamespotintheirparents’andgrandparents’time,andwouldcontinuetostandlongaftertheyweregone.Nowonderthesetreesbecamesymbolsofstrength,fruitfulness,andeverlastinglife.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasawayinwhichpeoplehaveusedtrees?

3.Theunderlinedphrase“giantpatriarchs”inparagraph1couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

4.Theunderlinedword“they”inparagraph2referstowhichofthefollowing?

5.Theauthorimpliesthat,comparedwithsequoias,othertreeshave________.

问题1选项

A.Treesgrowtogreatheights.

B.Treeshavebeenimportanttopeoplethroughouthistory.

C.Treesmakehumansseemsuperior.

D.TreesthatgrowinCaliforniaareveryold.

问题2选项

A.Forfurniture.

B.Forfuel.

C.Forhousing.

D.Fornourishment.

问题3选项

A.tinyseeds

B.importantleaders

C.toweringtrees

D.Egyptianpyramids

问题4选项

A.Trees

B.Grandeurandmystery

C.Seasons

D.People’sspiritualhorizons

问题5选项

A.beeninexistencelonger

B.adaptedmorereadilytotheirenvironments

C.beenaffectedmorebyanimals

D.hadacloserrelationshipwithpeople

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章讲了树木在历史的发展,点出树木对人的作用,所以B选项“纵观历史,树木对人类很重要”正确。A选项“树长得很高”和D选项“生长在加州的树很古老”是文章的部分内容,不足以概括全文。C选项“树让人看起来更优越”文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Treesfedthefiresthatwarmedhumans:theyprovidedshelter,foodandmedicineandevenclothing.(树木为人类提供了温暖的炉火:它们提供了住所、食物、药品甚至衣服。),所以这里提到了B选项“作为燃料”,C选项“建房子”和D选项“吸收其营养”,没有提到A选项“做成家具”。因此A选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第一段第三、四句TheysproutedfromtinyseedsaboutthetimetheEgyptianpyramidswerebeingbuilt.Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow,likecathedralcolumnsholdingupthesky.(大约在建造埃及金字塔的时候,它们从微小的种子中发芽。今天,这些巨大的创始者就像它们生长的岩石和悬崖一样遥远和难以接近,就像支撑天空的大教堂柱子。),可知这些“巨大的家长”生长在岩石和悬崖上,就像大教堂柱子一样高,所以C选项“高耸的树木”正确,A选项“小小的种子”和D选项“埃及金字塔”错误。B选项“重要的领袖”文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据第二段第四句Treesexpressedthegrandeurandmysteryoflife,astheymovedthroughthecycleofseasons,fromlifetodeathandbacktolifeagain.(树木表现了生命的宏伟和神秘,因为它们在季节的循环中移动,从生到死,再回到生命。),可知“它们”指的是A选项“树木”,B选项“宏伟和神秘”和C选项“四季”错误。D选项“人们的精神视野”:根据第二段第三句Theyalsoshapedpeople’sspiritualhorizons.(它们还塑造了人们的精神视野。),这里的“它们”也指树木,故错误。因此A选项正确。

5.推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第一、二句Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow…Itishardtoimaginethemplayinganypartinthelivesofmerehumansorbeinginanywayaffectedbythecreaturesthatpassattheirfeet.(今天,这些巨大的创始者就像它们生长的岩石和悬崖一样遥远和难以接近……很难想象他们会在人类的生活中扮演任何角色,或者受到他们脚下的生物的任何影响。),可知相比于红杉树,其他树木更贴近人类生活,所以D选项“与人有更密切的关系”正确。A选项“存在更久”,B选项“更容易适应环境”和C选项“更容易受到动物的影响”文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Thosenaughtyboyswerecaught____flowersinthegardenagain.

问题1选项

A.tosteal

B.stealing

C.havingstolen

D.tohavestolen

【答案】B

【解析】考查现在分词的用法。现在分词放在另一动作之后,表示主语在进行谓语动向所表示的动作的同时正在进行另一个动作,此时现在分词对谓语动词起修饰或陪衬的作用。句意:那些淘气的男孩又在花园里偷花被抓了,因此根据句意B项为正确答案。catch的常见用法catchsbdoingsth“发现某人正在做某事”,转换为被动用法则是sbbecaughtdoingsth,因此A和D项均错误;C项使用的是现在分词的完成式,与句意不符,故排除。

3.单选题

Foxesandfarmershavenevergotonwell.Thesesmalldog-likeanimalshavelongbeenaccusedofkillingfarmanimals.Theyareofficiallyclassifiedasharmfulandfarmerstrytokeeptheirnumbersdownbyshootingorpoisoningthem.

Farmerscanalsocallontheservicesoftheirlocalhunttocontrolthefoxpopulation.Huntingconsistsofpursuingafoxacrossthecountryside,withagroupofspeciallytraineddogs,followedbymenandwomenridinghorses.Whenthedogseventuallycatchthefoxtheykillitorahuntershootsit.

Peoplewhotakepartinhuntingthinkofitasasport;theywearaspecialuniformofredcoatsandwhitetrousers,andfollowstrictcodesofbehavior.Butowningahorseandhuntingregularlyisexpensive,somosthuntersarewealthy.

Itisestimatedthatupto100,000peoplewatchortakepartinfoxhunting.Butoverthelastcoupleofdecadesthenumberofpeopleopposedtofoxhunting,becausetheythinkitisbrutal(残酷的),hasrisensharply.Nowadaysitisrareforahunttopassoffwithoutsomekindofconfrontation(冲突)betweenhuntersandhuntsaboteurs(阻拦者).Sometimestheseincidentsleadtoviolence,butmostlysaboteursinterferewiththehuntbymisleadingridersanddisturbingthetrailofthefox’ssmell,whichthedogsfollow.

Noisyconfrontationsbetweenhuntersandsaboteurshavebecomesocommonthattheyarealmostasmuchapartofhuntingasthepursuitoffoxesitself.Butthisyearsupportersoffoxhuntingfaceamuchbiggerthreattotheirsport.ALabourPartyMemberoftheParliament,MikeFoster,istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal.Ifthelawispassed,wildanimalslikefoxeswillbeprotectedunderthebaninBritain.

1.RichpeopleinBritainhavebeenhuntingfoxes____________.

2.WhatisspecialaboutfoxhuntinginBritain?

3.Foxhuntingopponentsofteninterfereinthegame____________.

4.AnewlawmaybepassedbytheBritishParliamentto____________.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____________.

问题1选项

A.forrecreationC.tolimitthefoxpopulation

B.C.tolimitthefoxpopulationB.

C.tolimitthefoxpopulationB.intheinterestsofthefarmers

D.toshowofftheirwealth

问题2选项

A.Itinvolvestheuseofadeadlypoison.

B.Itisacostlyeventwhichrarelyoccurs.

C.Thehuntershavesetrulestofollow.

D.Thehuntershavetogothroughstricttraining.

问题3选项

A.byresortingtoviolence

B.byconfusingthefoxhunters

C.bytakinglegalaction

D.bydemonstratingonthescene

问题4选项

A.prohibitfarmersfromhuntingfoxes

B.forbidhuntingfoxeswithdogs

C.stophuntingwildanimalsinthecountryside

D.preventlarge—scalefoxhunting

问题5选项

A.killingfoxeswithpoisonisillegal

B.limitingthefoxpopulationisunnecessary

C.huntingfoxeswithdogsisconsideredcruelandviolent

D.fox-huntingoftenleadstoconfrontationbetweenthepoorandtherich

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第三段第一句Peoplewhotakepartinhuntingthinkofitasasport(参加打猎的人认为它是一项运动)和最后一句somosthuntersarewealthy(所以大多数猎人都很富有),可知在英国夫人猎狐是为了消遣,所以A选项“为了消遣”正确,D选项“炫耀他们的财富”错误。B选项“因为农民的利益”:文章没有提到富人和农民在猎狐方面的关系。C选项“限制狐狸数量”:根据第二段第一句Farmerscanalsocallontheservicesoftheirlocalhunttocontrolthefoxpopulation.(农民也可以要求当地狩猎服务来控制狐狸的数量。),可知限制狐狸数量不是富人猎狐的目的,故错误。因此A选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句Ifthelawispassed,wildanimalslikefoxeswillbeprotectedunderthebaninBritain.(如果法律通过,像狐狸这样的野生动物将受到英国禁令的保护)和第二句Butthisyearsupportersoffoxhuntingfaceamuchbiggerthreattotheirsport.(但今年,猎狐运动的支持者面临着更大的威胁),可知在英国,法律正在讨论猎狐运动的问题,对应C选项“猎人设定了要遵守的规则”这一选项,故正确。A选项“使用致命的毒药”:根据第一段最后一句farmers…shootingorpoisoningthem(农民们射杀或毒害它们),可知这是在各地的普遍的现象,不是英国特有,故错误。B选项“这花费高昂,很少发生”:文章提到猎户运动花费高昂,但没有说很少举办,另外农民猎狐花费不高,故错误。D选项“猎人必须经过严格的训练”:这是普遍现象,不止在英国,故错误。因此C选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第四段最后一句Sometimestheseincidentsleadtoviolence,butmostlysaboteursinterferewiththehuntbymisleadingridersanddisturbingthetrailofthefox’ssmell,whichthedogsfollow.(有时这些猎狐行为引发暴力行为,但大多数对手会误导猎手,扰乱狗对狐狸气味的追踪,从而干扰狩猎。),猎手的对手通过误导猎手来干预比赛,所以B选项“迷惑猎狐者”正确。A选项“依靠暴力”:暴行是干预以后可能导致的结果。C选项“起诉”:通过法律途径看要不要继续猎狐运动不能在赛场干预对手,故错误。D选项“现场演示”:文章没有提及,故错误。因此B选项正确。

4.事实细节题。根据第五段第三句ALabourPartyMemberoftheParliament,MikeFoster,istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal.(议会工党成员迈克•福斯特正试图使议会通过一项新法律,该法律将规定用狗捕猎野生动物为非法行为。),可知C选项“在乡下停止捕猎野生动物”正确。A选项“禁止农民猎狐”,B选项“禁止用狗猎狐”和D选项“禁止大规模猎狐”在这里没有提到,故错误。因此B选项正确。

5.语义推测题。A选项“用毒药杀死狐狸是违法的”:根据第五段第三句istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal(正试图使议会通过一项新法律,该法律将规定用狗捕猎野生动物为非法行为),文章提到禁止用狗捕猎野生动物的法律有可能通过,没有说毒死狐狸违法,故错误。B选项“不必限制狐狸的数量”:根据第一段最后一句farmerstrytokeeptheirnumbersdownbyshootingorpoisoningthem(农民们试图通过射杀或毒害它们来减少它们的数量),农民捕杀狐狸以减少狐狸数量,没有提到不必要这样做,故错误。C选项“用狗打猎狐狸被认为是残忍和暴力的”:根据第四段第二句opposedtofoxhunting,becausetheythinkitisbrutal(许多人反对猎狐,因为他们认为这很残酷),猎狐是用狗猎狐,所以正确。D选项“猎狐经常导致穷人和富人之间的对抗”:在文章没有提到。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

Inafamilywheretherolesofmenandwomenarenotsharplyseparatedandwheremanyhouseholdtasksaresharedtoagreaterorlesserextent,notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain.Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionsmakesforequality,andthisinturnleadstofurthersharing.Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationratherthanbythebattleofthesexes.

Iftheprocessgoestoofarandman’sroleisregardedaslessimportant—andthathashappenedinsomecasesweareasbadlyoffasbefore,onlyinreverse.

ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanfamily.Wearegettingalittletiredofmomism—butwedon’twanttoexchangeitforaneo-popism.Whatweneed,rather,istherecognitionthatbringingupchildreninvolvesapartnershipofequals.

Therearesignsthatpsychiatrists,psychologists,socialworkers,andspecialistsonthefamilyarebecomingmoreawareofthepartmenplayandthattheyhavedecidedthatwomenshouldnotreceiveallthecreditnotalltheblame.Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’splaceisthehome.Wearebeginning,however,toanalyzemen’splaceinthehomeandtoinsistthathedoeshaveaplaceinit.Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.

Thefamilyisacooperativeenterpriseforwhichitisdifficulttolaydownrules,becauseeachfamilyneedstoworkoutitsownwaysforsolvingitsownproblems.

Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences,whetheritwearsskirtsortrousers,andtheidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesisconnectednotonlywithahealthydemocracy,butalsowithahealthyfamily.

1.Fromthepassageweknowthattheauthorisveryconcernedwiththerolethat____________.

2.Theauthormeanstotellusthat____________.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,ahealthyfamilyshouldbebasedon____________.

4.Whowillbenefitmostfromafamilypatternofsharingintasksanddecisions?

5.Wemaysafelyconcludefromthepassagethat____________.

问题1选项

A.parentsplayinbringinguptheirchildren

B.menplayinafamily

C.womenplayinafamily

D.equalityplaysinafamily

问题2选项

A.aman’splaceisinthehome

B.awoman’splaceisinthehome

C.awomanshouldbeequaltoaman

D.amanshouldhaveanequalshareinfamilymatters

问题3选项

A.cooperation

B.momism

C.authoritarianism

D.neo-popism

问题4选项

A.Thechildren.

B.Theman.

C.Thewoman.

D.Thepsychologist.

问题5选项

A.malesuperioritymaintainsahealthyfamily

B.authorityanddemocracyareveryessentialtoahealthyfamily

C.authoritarianismdoessomegoodtoahealthyfamily

D.womenshouldneverequaltomen

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.态度观点题。根据第三段第一句ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanfamily.(是时候重新评估男人在美国家庭中的角色了),可见在这篇文章中偏重讲男性在家庭中的角色,故B选项“男人在家庭中的角色”正确。A选项“父母在抚养孩子的过程中的角色”:文章主题不是怎样抚养孩子,故错误。C选项“女性在家庭中的角色”和D选项“家庭中的平等地位”:相对于女性和男女平等,重新定位男性在家庭中的角色在本文是重点,故错误。因此B选项正确。

2.作者意图题。根据第一段第二句Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionsmakesforequality(分担任务和决策的模式促进了平等)和第三句Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasily(在这样的家庭长大的孩子比他们的父母更容易接受平等的观念),可知作者认为在家务事当中,男女应该平等,故D选项“男人应该在家庭事务中拥有平等的份额”正确。A选项“男人应该待在家里”:文中没有提到,故错误。B选项“女人应该待在家里”:根据第四段第二句Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’splaceisthehome.(我们几乎已经放弃了女人应该待在家里的说法。),可知作者不认为女性应该待在家里,故错误。C选项“女人应该和男人平等”:本文中的平等主要是指在家庭事务中平等付出,而不是地位平等,故错误。因此D选项正确。

3.观点态度题。根据第五段第一句Thefamilyisacooperativeenterprise(家庭是一个协作的事业),可知作者认为在家庭中协作很重要,故A选项“协作”正确。B选项“妈妈主义”和D选项“新爸爸主义”:根据第三段第二句Wearegettingalittletiredofmomism—butwedon’twanttoexchangeitforaneo-popism.(我们对妈妈主义有点厌倦了——但我们不想用新爸爸主义来代替),可知作者不赞同妈妈主义和新爸爸主义,故错误。C选项“独裁主义”:根据第六段Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences(过度的独裁主义会产生不愉快的后果),可知作者不赞同独裁主义,故错误。因此A选项正确。

4.判断推理题。根据第一段最后一句Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationratherthanbythebattleofthesexes.(在这样的家庭长大的孩子比他们的父母更容易接受平等的观念,也更容易做好充分准备去参与合作而非性别斗争的社会。),第三段最后一句bringingupchildreninvolvesapartnershipofequals(抚养孩子需要一种平等的合作关系)和第四段最后一句Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.(这与孩子的健康发展也不无关系),可知作者在不同的地方强调父母共同承担家务对孩子的好处和必要,而没有单独提到对其他人的直接好处,故A选项“孩子们”正确。B选项“男性”,C选项“女性”和D选项“心理学家”文章都没有强调受到的益处,故错误。因此A选项正确。

5.主旨大意题。根据第六段Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences…theidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesisconnectednotonlywithahealthydemocracy,butalsowithahealthyfamily(过度的独裁主义会产生不愉快的后果……平等的权利责任的理想不仅与健康的民主息息相关,而且与健康的家庭息息相关。),可知权利责任和民主对家庭关系的健康很重要,B选项“职权和民主对健康的家庭非常重要”正确,C选项“独裁主义对健康的家庭有好处”错误。A选项“男尊女卑能维持家庭健康”和D选项“女人永远不应该和男人平等”:根据第一段第一句notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain(大男子主义是很难维持),可知男尊女卑不能维持家庭健康,结合社会普遍把家务放在女性身上,可知男女应该平等,故错误。因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Shespentahappyafternoon______hercoinsandstamps.

问题1选项

A.makingout

B.sortingout

C.figuringout

D.turningout

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项makingout“理解;证明;填写完”;B选项sortingout“整理;挑选”;C选项figuringout“解决;算出”;D选项turningout“原来是”。句意:她______她的硬币和邮票,度过了一个快乐的下午。根据语境,sortingout“整理;挑选”搭配coinsandstamps“硬币和邮票”比较合适。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

They______theboatupontotheshore.

问题1选项

A.hauled

B.handed

C.held

D.heightened

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:他们把船________岸。A选项hauled“(用力)拖,拉”;B选项handed“递交;搀扶”;C选项held“抓住”;D选项heightened“提高;增加”。根据语境,这里是指他们把船拖到岸上,所以A选项hauled“(用力)拖;拉”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

Manythings______impossibleinthepastarecommontoday.

问题1选项

A.considered

B.toconsider

C.considering

D.beingconsidered

【答案】A

【解析】考查后置定语。句意:许多过去认为不可能的事情在今天很常见。句子的主干是manythingsarecommon(许多事情很普遍),横线部分内容和impossible组合起来修饰manythings,根据语境得知这里是指被认为不可能的许多事,属于被动语态,所以A选项considered符合题意,故正确。B选项toconsider为不定式表示目的等,故错误。C选项considering表示主动语态,故错误。D选项beingconsidered表示现在进行时的被动语态,故错误。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

_____makesmendifferentfromtheotheranimalsisthattheycanthinkandspeak.

问题1选项

A.That

B.Thething

C.All

D.What

【答案】D

【解析】考查主语从句。题干中what从句是整个句子的主语,故后面的动词为is。B项all和C项thethings少了作主语的关系代词(that),在定语从句中,做主语的关系代词是不能省略的,只有作宾语的关系代词能省略,所以B,C两项错误。

9.单选题

Hisfamilyhadalmostforgotten______like.

问题1选项

A.howhisfacewas

B.whichwashisface

C.whathisfacewas

D.thathisfacewas

【答案】C

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:他的家人几乎已经忘记了他长的什么样子。根据句型itislike…,得出C选项whathisfacewas符合题意。因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Theaccident______himofhissightandtheuseofhislegs.

问题1选项

A.excluded

B.disabled

C.deprived

D.gripped

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项excluded“把……排斥在外”;B选项disabled“使伤残;使无效”;C选项deprived“使丧失”;D选项gripped“紧握;强烈影响”。句意:这次事故使他______视力和双腿的功能。根据语境,这次事故让他的眼睛和双腿功能受损,所以disabled“使伤残;使无效”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

Heisavery______performer:hecansing,dance,andplaythepiano.

问题1选项

A.good

B.experienced

C.honest

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项good“优秀的”;B选项experienced“有经验的”;C选项honest“诚实的”;D选项versatile“多才多艺的”。句意:他是一个非常______的表演者:他会唱歌,跳舞和弹钢琴。根据语境,他会各种才艺,D选项versatile“多才多艺的”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

12.单选题

Whilefashionisthoughtofusuallyinrelationtoclothing,itisimportanttorealizethatitcoversamuchwiderdomain.Itistobefoundinmanners,thearts,literature,andphilosophy,andmayevenreachintocertainareasofscience.Infact,itmayoperateinanyfieldofgrouplife,apartfromthetechnologicalandutilitarianareaandtheareaofthesacred.Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacaste(社会等级)society.

Fashionbehavesasamovement,andonthisbasisitisdifferentfromcustomwhich,bycomparison,isstatic.Thisisduetothefactthatfashionisbasedfundamentallyondifferentiationandemulation.Inaclasssociety,theupperclassesorso-calledsocialelitearenotabletodifferentiatethemselvesbyfixedsymbolsorbadges.Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.Thisprocessgivestofashionaverticaldescent.However,theeliteclassfindsthatitisnolongerdistinguishable,byreasonoftheimitationmadebyothers,andhenceisledtoadoptnewdifferentiatingcriteria,onlytodisplacetheseastheyinturnareimitated.Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.

Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.Whileitoccursspontaneouslyandmovesalonginacharacteristiccycle,itinvolveslittleinthewayofcrowdbehavioranditisnotdependentuponthediscussionprocessandtheresultingpublicopinion.Itdoesnotdependuponthemechanismsofwhichwehavespoken.Theparticipantsarenotrecruitedthroughagitation.Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.Nordoesthefashionmovementhave,orrequired,anideology.Further,sinceitdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement,itdoesnotbuildupasetoftactics.Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.

1.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingpeopleusuallyleadanewfashion?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,afashionmovement________.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatafashionmovement________.

问题1选项

A.fashionoriginatesinaclasssociety

B.fashioncanbefoundonlyinafewfieldsofgrouplife

C.fashionoperatesineverysociety

D.peopleliketokeepupwithfashioninaprimitivesociety

问题2选项

A.Philosophers.

B.Artists.

C.Thesocialelite.

D.Writers.

问题3选项

A.Fashion,asamovement,istrue.

B.Theupperclassesplayalittleroleinmakingfashionintoamovement.

C.Afashionwillnevervanishonceitislaunched.

D.Afashionisdestinedtodisappearonceitislaunched.

问题4选项

A.haslittleincommonwithothermovements

B.willeventuallydevelopintoasocialorganization

C.hasapowerfulleadershipguidingit

D.hasasetofsymbolsandvalues

问题5选项

A.functionsinthesamewayasspecificsocialmovements

B.isaformofexpressivebehavior

C.canboostthemoraleofitsparticipants

D.contributesagreatdealtothewayofcrowdbehavior

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacastesociety.(它的运作需要一个阶级社会,因为从本质上讲,它既不发生在原始群体那样的同质社会,也不发生在种姓社会。),可知A选项“时尚起源于阶级社会”正确,B选项“时尚只存在于群体生活的几个领域”和C选项“时尚存在于每个社会”错误,时尚也不会存在于原始社会,D选项“在原始社会,人们喜欢赶时髦”错误。因此A选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段第四句Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.(因此,他们生活和行为的更多外在特征很可能被直接低于他们的阶级所模仿,反过来,这些阶级又被社会结构中直接低于他们的群体所模仿。),这里指的是社会精英,可知社会精英引领时尚,C选项“社会精英”正确。A选项“哲学家”,B选项“艺术家”和D选项“作家”正确。因此C选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第二段最后一句Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.(正是这一特点使时尚成为一种运动,也正是这一特点使得一位作家评论道,一种时尚一旦推出,就注定要灭亡。),可知时尚会消亡,也就不是真实的,D选项“一种时尚一旦推出就注定要消失”正确,A选项“时尚是一种真实的运动”和C选项“一种时尚一旦推出就永远不会消失”错误。B选项“上层阶级在使时尚成为运动中发挥了一点点作用”:上层阶级是推动时尚的主要人群,不符合文章内容,故错误。因此D选项正确。

4.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.(作为一种运动,时尚与我们考虑过的其他运动几乎没有相似之处。),所以A选项“与其他运动没有什么共同之处”正确。C选项“有一个强有力的领导引导”:根据文章倒数第二句itdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement(没有领导为运动提供有意识的方向),可知不符合文章内容。B选项“最终会发展成一个社会组织”和D选项“有一系列符号和价值”文章没有提到。因此A选项正确。

5.推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.(人们自愿参加时尚运动,是对时尚强加给他们有趣而有力控制的一种响应。),可知时尚运动是一种对时尚的回应,他们通过时尚运动这种行为表达了对时尚的态度,B选项“是一种表达行为”正确。A选项“其功能与特定的社会运动相同”:根据第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.(作为一种运动,时尚与我们考虑过的其他运动几乎没有相似之处。),可知时尚运动和其他社会运动没有相同之处。C选项“可以提高参与者的士气”:根据第三段第五句Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.(他们没有树立起士气。),可知时尚运动不能提高士气。D选项“对人群行为的方式有很大的贡献”文章没有提到。因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotal______forlivingexpenses.

问题1选项

A.acceptable

B.advisable

C.available

D.applicable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项acceptable“可接受的”;B选项advisable“可取的”;C选项available“可获得的”;D选项applicable“适用的”。句意:一般来说,学生在住房上的开销应该占总共______开销的五分之一。根据语境,这里指的是在所拥有的开销中,住房占五分之一,available“可获得的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

Amysteriousblackcloudapproachestheearth—ourplanet’sweatherisseverelyaffected.

ThroughouttherestofJuneandJulytemperaturesrosesteadilyallovertheEarth.IntheBritishIslesthetemperatureclimbedthroughtheeighties,intothenineties,andmovedtowardsthehundredmark.Peoplecomplained,buttherewasnoseriousdisaster.

ThedeathnumberintheU.S.remainedquitesmall,thankslargelytotheair-conditioningunitsthathadbeenfittedduringpreviousyearsandmonths.Temperaturesrosetothelimitofhumanendurancethroughoutthewholecountryandpeoplewereobligedtoremainindoorsforweeksonend.Occasionallyair-conditioningunitsfailedanditwasthenthatfatalitiesoccurred.

Conditionswereutterlydesperatethroughoutthetropicsasmaybejudgedfromthefactthat7943speciesofplantsandanimalsbecametotallyextinct.ThesurvivalofManhimselfwasonlypossiblebecauseofthecavesandcellarshewasabletodig.Nothingcouldbedonetoreducethehotairtemperature.Morethansevenhundredmillionpersonsareknowntohavelosttheirlives.

Eventuallythetemperatureofthesurfacewatersofthesearose,notsofastastheairtemperature,butfastenoughtoproduceadangerousincreaseofhumidity.Itwasindeedthisincreasethatproducedthedisastrousconditionsjustremarked.MillionsofpeoplebetweenthelatitudesofCairoandtheCapeofGoodHopeweresubjectedtoachokingatmospherethatgrewdamperandhotterfromdaytoday.Allhumanmovementceased.Therewasnothingtobedonebuttoliebreathingquicklyasadogdoesinhotweather.

BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicslaybalancedbetweenlifeandtotaldeath.Thenquitesuddenlyraincloudsappearedoverthewholeglobe.Thetemperaturedeclinedalittle,duenodoubttothecloudsreflectingmoreoftheSun’sradiationbackintospace.Butconditionscouldnotbesaidtohaveimproved.Warmrainfelleverywhere,evenasfarnorthasIceland.Theinsectpopulationincreasedenormously,sincetheburninghotatmospherewasasfavorabletothemasitwasunfavorabletoManandmanyotheranimals.

1.IntheBritishIslesthetemperature____________.

2.FewpeopleintheUnitedStateslosttheirlivesbecause____________.

3.MillionsofpeopleinCairoandtheCapeofGoodHopeweresubjectedtoachokingatmospherebecause____________.

4.BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicsweresuchthat____________.

5.Theinsectpopulationincreaseddueto____________.

问题1选项

A.stayedateighty

B.rangedfromeightytoninety

C.approachedonehundred

D.exceededthehundredmark

问题2选项

A.thetemperaturewastolerable

B.peopleremainedindoorsforweeks

C.thegovernmenthadtakeneffectivemeasurestoreducethehottemperature

D.peoplewereprovidedwiththemostcomfortableair-conditioners

问题3选项

A.thetemperaturegrewextremelyhot

B.thetemperaturebecamedamperandhotterasthehumidityofthesurfacewatersoftheseaincreased

C.theirconditionsweretoodangerous

D.nothingcouldbedonewiththehottemperature

问题4选项

A.humansurvivalwouldbeimpossible

B.moreandmorepeoplewouldlosetheirlives

C.fewerpeoplecouldbesaved

D.survivalordeathwasstillundecided

问题5选项

A.thehotair

B.thetropicalclimate

C.therainclouds

D.thedampatmosphere

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句IntheBritishIslesthetemperatureclimbedthroughtheeighties,intothenineties,andmovedtowardsthehundredmark.(在不列颠群岛,温度从80度上升到90度,并接近100度。),可知不列颠群岛的温度快接近100度,故C选项“接近100”正确。A选项“保持在80度”,B选项“从80上升到90度”和D选项“超过100度”错误。因此C选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句ThedeathnumberintheU.S.remainedquitesmall,thankslargelytotheair-conditioningunitsthathadbeenfittedduringpreviousyearsandmonths.(美国的死亡人数仍然很少,这在很大程度上要归功于前几年和前几个月安装的空调设备。),可知,在美国很少人因为高温而丧生得益于空调,故D选项“人们装有最舒适的空调”正确。A选项“温度还可以忍受”和B选项“人们在室内待了几个星期”:根据第三段第二句Temperaturesrosetothelimitofhumanendurancethroughoutthewholecountryandpeoplewereobligedtoremainindoorsforweeksonend.(全国各地气温上升到人类承受能力的极限,人们被迫连续数周待在室内。),可知这气温已超出承受范围,故A选项错误,并且因为气温太高人们不得不待在室内,这是高温带来的影响而非只有少数人死亡的原因,故B选项错误。C选项“政府已经采取了有效的措施来降低高温”:文章没有提到政府做了什么,故错误。因此D选项正确。

3.实细节题。根据第五段第一句Eventuallythetemperatureofthesurfacewatersofthesearose…toproduceadangerousincreaseofhumidity.(最终,海水表层的温度上升了……致命的湿度增加。)和第三句grewdamperandhotterfromdaytoday(天气一天比一天潮湿和炎热),可知是海水温度和湿度增加影响的开罗和好望角地区,故B选项“随着海洋表层海水湿度的增加,温度变得更潮湿、更热”正确,A选项“温度变得非常热”中仅仅因为温度变化不至于造成这样的结果。C选项“他们的条件太危险了”:这

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