高中英语必修三 (课件)Unit 4 SPACE EXPLORATION Discovering Useful Structures

Unit4SPACEEXPLORATION

DiscoveringUsefulStructures不定式作定语和状语诵读下列句子并写出加黑部分的句子成分1．（教材P40）Lookingupatthestars,peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace,andscientistsworkhardtofindanswers.__________________2．（教材P40）Theymakevehiclestocarrybravepeopleintospacetofindoutthesecretsofthe

universe.__________________不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语3．（教材P41）Morerecently,ChinahassentChang'e4toexplorethesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoontomakemeasurementsandobservations.__________________4．（教材P40）However,somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.________________5．（教材P40）YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.________________6．（教材P41）Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.________________不定式作目的状语不定式作定语不定式作定语不定式作定语以do为例，不定式的各种形式如下表：主动形式被动形式说明一般式todotobedone不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式tobedoing/不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前1.不定式作定语（1）不定式作定语常表示将来的动作。Thequestiontobediscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。（2）不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。Hehasnopentowritewith.他没有钢笔写字。（3）不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。（4）被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。[即学即练]画出下列句子中的不定式并判断它们作谁的定语①Ihavealotofthingstodotoday.答案：Ihavealotofthings

today.作things的定语②Therearetwoletterstobetyped.答案：Therearetwoletters

.作letters的定语③Let'sgoandgetsomethingtodrink.答案：Let'sgoandgetsomething

.作something的定语todotobetypedtodrink④There'snoneedtoworryatall.答案：There'snoneed

atall.作need的定语⑤Wehavearighttoknow.答案：Wehavearight

.作right的定语⑥Shedidn'thavethecouragetotellyouthat.答案：Shedidn'thavethecourage

youthat.作courage的定语⑦That'sprobablytheonlythingtodonow.答案：That'sprobablytheonlything

now.作theonlything的定语⑧Pleasegivemesomepapertowriteon.答案：Pleasegivemesomepaper

.作paper的定语toworrytoknowtotelltodotowriteon2．不定式作状语（1）作目的状语不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加inorder或soas，但soasto不能用于句首。Topassthecollegeentranceexam,wemustworkhard.为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。Thebusstoppedinorderto/soastopickuppassengers.公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。（2）作结果状语不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果。Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。（3）作原因状语①常用于“主语（人）＋系动词＋形容词/过去分词＋todo”结构中。形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有sorry，surprised，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。Wewereastonishedtofindthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。②常用于“主语（物）＋系动词＋形容词＋todo”结构中。这类形容词有easy,difficult,hard,cheap，expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important,impossible,dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，不定式和句子主语之间存在动宾关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。Themorningairissogoodtobreathethathegetsupearlyeveryday.早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。[即学即练]画出下列句子中的不定式并判断它们作哪种类型的状语①Theyranovertowelcomeus.答案：Theyranover

us.目的状语②I'msorrytohearthat.答案：I'msorry

that.原因状语③Thegirlsareeasytogetalongwith.答案：Thegirlsareeasy

.原因状语towelcometoheartogetalongwith④Youarerighttosayso.答案：Youareright

.原因状语⑤Shewasgladtoseeus.答案：Shewasglad

us.原因状语⑥Nevertoooldtolearn.答案：Nevertooold

.结果状语⑦Itwastoolatetodoanythingnow.答案：Itwastoolate

anythingnow.结果状语⑧Shewasunwillingtotakethejob.答案：Shewasunwilling

thejob.原因状语tosaysotoseetolearntodototakeⅠ.单句语法填空1．Withalotofwork_________(do),shewasn'tallowedtoleaveheroffice.2．Theairport__________________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.3．Hehurriedtothetrainstation,only____________(find)thetrainhadleft.4．____________(save)energy,weturnoffthelightsforEarthHouronthelastSaturdayinMarch.todo

tobecompletedtofind

Tosave5．However，ourdiscussionsaremorethanjustaway____________(practice)ourdebatingskills.6．We'renevergoingtohaveenoughtime____________(explore)everything!7．Hewenttothestationhurriedlyonly____________(tell)thetrainhadleft.8．Iboughtsomeyoungtrees____________(plant)onthehill.9．Thebuilding____________(build)nextyearwillbeagym.10．Therearestilllotsofproblems____________(deal)with.topractice

toexplore

tobetoldtoplant

tobebuilt

tobedealtⅡ.语法填空Accordingtoarecentsurvey,violencedidexistinschools.Studentsshowedtheirfearandparentsandteachersalso1.____________(express)theirgreatconcernaboutit.Expertshope2.____________wholesocietypaysmoreattentiontothementalhealthofadolescents.Nowadays,schoolviolenceisahotissue.Ithinkthisisaphenomenon,which3.____________(call)forourgreatconcern.Weshouldmakeeveryeffort4.____________(prevent)schoolviolencefromhappeningatschool,formoreandmorestudentswoulddropoutofschooliftheirpersonal5.____________(safe)couldnotbeguaranteed.Infact,violencecanbelearned.6.____________(actual),childrenlearnviolencebehaviorfromadultsorfrom7.____________theyseeontelevisionorontheInternet.IfImeetwithschoolviolence,Iwillnotanswerviolencewithviolence,foritwillresultin8.____________(much)fighting.Iwilltellmyteachersorparentsaboutit.Ithinktheywillhelpmedealwithitwellandtheywillprotectmefromthebadguys.Allinall,westudentsshouldbehave9.____________(we)andkeepaway10.____________violence.[语篇解读]校园暴力这一现象引起了老师和家长的关注。本文介绍了校园暴力形成的原因以及阻止校园暴力的方法。1．解析：根