2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号26

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Mr.Mortongradually（

）theknowledgeofthesubject.

问题1选项

A.attained

B.required

C.acquired

D.enquired

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项attain“达到，实现”；B选项require“要求”；C选项acquire“获得，学到”；D选项enquire“询问”。句意：Morton先生渐渐掌握了这门课程的知识。选项C更符合语境。

2.翻译题

PutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese:

Thenextsourceoflawthathastobeconsiderediscaselaw,theeffectivecreationandrefinementoflawinthecourseofjudicialdecisions.ItshouldberememberedthattheUnitedKingdom'slawisstillacommonlawsystemandeveniflegislationisofeverincreasingimportance,thesignificanceandeffectivenessofjudicialcreativityshouldnotbediscounted.Judicialdecisionsareasourceoflawthroughtheoperationofthedoctrineofjudicialprecedents.Thisprocessdependsontheestablishedhierarchyofthecourts,andoperatesinsuchawaythatgenerallyacourtisboundbytheratiodecidendiorruleoflawimplicitinthedecisionofacourtaboveitinthehierarchyandusuallybyacourtofequalstandinginthehierarchy.Wherestatutelawdoescoveraparticularareaorwherethelawissilentgenerallyitwillbenecessaryforacourtdecidingcasesrelatingtosuchanareatodeterminewhatthelawisand,insodoing,thatcourtwillinescapablyandunarguablybecreatinglaw.Thescopeforjudicialcreativityshouldnotbeunderestimatedanditshouldberememberedthatthetaskofinterpretingtheactualmeaningoflegislationinparticularcasesalsofallsinthejudiciaryandprovidesitwithafurtherimportantareaofdiscretionaiycreativity.

Thecharacteristicterritorialunitservedbytheprosecutor’sofficeisthecounty:inafewstates,largerdistricts,composedofseveralcounties,arefound.Manycountieshavesolittlecriminalbusiness(otherthanminorviolationsprosecutedbylocalorstatepolicewithouttheaidoftheprosecutor)that,evenwhenthecivillitigationtowhichthecountyisaparty,aswellasothercountylegalwork,areaddedtotheprosecutor’sfunctions,astheycommonlyare,thepostofcountyattorneyisstillonlyapart-timeonewithcompensationofteninadequatetoattractisstillonlyapart-timeonewithcompensationofteninadequatetoattracttheestablishedlawyersofthecounty.Thepostthustendstofalltoapoliticallyactiveyounglawyerstillengagedinbuildinghispractice;anditisnotsurprisingthatheoftentendstoregarditasprimarilyashort-termmeansofprofessionalorpoliticaladvancement.Underthesecircumstances,anythinglikeacareerofficial’sapproachtotheofficeisunlikely.Thecurewouldseemtobeinplacingtheprosecutor'sofficeonadistrictinsteadofacountybasis,thedistrictbeinglargeenoughtowarrantafull-timeprosecutorwithadequatecompensationandadequatestaff.

【答案】下一个要考虑的法律来源是判例法，它是在司法判决的过程中对法律有效创新和完善。我们应该牢记，英国的法律仍然是普通法体系，所以即使立法日益重要，司法创新的意义和有效性却不容低估。司法判决成为法源，贯穿整个司法判例教义的执行过程中。这样的过程依赖于己建立的法院层级体系，而且以这样的方式运作，即通常某个法院受到隐含于这个层级体系中上级法院的判决中的判决依据和法律条文的约朿，而且也一般受到这个层级体系中同等地位的法院的约束。法院有必要，在处理涉及法令没有包含的特殊领域或法律通常没有记载的领域的案件吋，决定适用的法律并执行。这就是法院正在对法律进行创新，而这是法院无法逃避也无可争辩的职责。我们不应该低估司法创新的适用范围，且应该牢记，在特定的情况下，法律的解释任务也会落在司法机关身上，因此，我们要给予司法机关在重要领域内的自由裁量权。

检察院所管辖的特殊区域包括各州、区的县。许多县的犯罪活动较少，一些轻微违法行为，直接由当地或州警察起诉，无须检方介入。全县作为诉讼主体的民事诉讼以及其它县的法律事务波纳入检察官的职责范围之内。通常情况下，县检察官一职为兼职，所以微薄的薪水不足以留住他们。同样微薄的薪酬对现有的县级律师同样没有吸引力。因此，这一岗位易于沦为思想活跃、有政治野心的年轻律师职业生涯的奠基石。经常有年轻的律师把它看成是其专业水平提升与政治地位晋升的一种主要的短线战略手段，这一现象并不奇怪。在这样的背景之下，任何人想通过这一方式进入到政府机关都是不大可能的。改善这一现状的办法就是将人员安置在区检察院而不是县级检察院。因为区检察院的检察官是全职人员，有不错的薪酬，有足够的工作人员。

3.单选题

Itwouldbe（

）toarriveataconclusionnow.

问题1选项

A.premier

B.premature

C.preliminary

D.prior

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项premier“首要的”；B选项premature“不成熟的，早产的”；C选项preliminary“初步的，开始的”；D选项prior“优先的”。句意：现在下结论还为时过早。选项B符合句意。

4.单选题

Itisa（

）thatinsucharichcountrythereshouldbesomanypoorpeople.

问题1选项

A.debate

B.dispute

C.dilemma

D.paradox

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项debate“辩论，讨论”；B选项dispute“辩论，争吵”；C选项dilemma“困境，进退两难”；D选项paradox“悖论，自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：在如此富裕的国家竟然有那么多穷人，这是一个多么矛盾的事情。选项D符合句意。

5.单选题

（

）bytheheavyclothes,hefailedtojumpontothemediumsizedtable.

问题1选项

A.Hampered

B.Prevented

C.Facilitated

D.Encountered

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项Hamper“妨碍，束缚”；B选项Prevent“预防，阻止”；C选项Facilitate“促进，帮助”；D选项Encounter“遭遇，邂逅”。句意：受到厚衣服的束缚，他没能跳上中等大小的桌子。选项A符合语境。

6.单选题

Towhatextentwillfuturescientificdiscoveriesmakepossiblethe（

）ofthehumanlifespan?

问题1选项

A.increase

B.prolongation

C.expansion

D.growth

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项increase“增加”；B选项prolongation“延伸”；C选项expansion“阐述”；D选项growth“成长”。句意：未来的科学发现能在多大程度上延长人类的寿命?选项B符合句意。

7.单选题

His（

）bookwilldealwithindustrialrelations.

问题1选项

A.actual

B.forthcoming

C.prompt

D.eventual

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项actual“实际的”；B选项forthcoming“即将来临的”；C选项prompt“敏捷的，迅速的”；D选项eventual“最终的”。句意：他即将出版的书将论述劳资关系。选项B符合句意。

8.单选题

Scientistsconcludedthatnonsmokerswhomust（

）inhaletheairpollutedbytobaccosmokersmaysuffermorethanthesmokersthemselves.

问题1选项

A.involuntarily

B.instantaneously

C.spontaneously

D.reluctantly

【答案】D

【解析】副词辨析题。A选项involuntarily“不自觉地，偶然地”；B选项instantaneously“突如其来地”；C选项spontaneously“自发地”；D选项reluctantly“不情愿地”。句意：科学家得出的结论：不吸烟的人如果不情愿地吸入被吸烟者污染的空气，可能会比吸烟者自己更痛苦。选项D符合句意。

9.翻译题

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.

Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.

Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11andavianfluremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.

Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge—butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdoutessays,andwhenindividuallivesgrowmorecrazy,collegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.

ForallthesereasonsIbelieved—andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday—intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.

【答案】科技和技术的进步正在使我们能够去了解宇宙最远的地方、物质最基本的成分和生命的奇迹。

与此同时，人类今天的作为和不作为，不仅危及地球上的生命，且还危害地球本身的寿命。

全球化正在让世界变得更小、更快速地运转和更富裕。但是，9/11事件和禽流感却提醒我们一个更小、更快速运转的世界不一定是一个更安全的世界。

我们的世界正充满知识，但其迫切需要智慧。现在，当（新闻采访的）原声摘要播出正变得更短、即时信息排挤短文和和个人生活变得更疯狂时，能够深思的大学毕业生是我们这个世界所需要的。

由于这些原因，我相信，并且我今天甚至更坚定地相信，大学有着独特的且无可取代的使命。

10.单选题

Thesceneissobeautifulthatit（

）mypowerofdescription.

问题1选项

A.ascends

B.descends

C.transcends

D.overtakes

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项ascend“攀登，上升”；B选项descend“下降”；C选项transcend“胜过，超越”；D选项overtake“赶上，压倒”。句意：这景色太美了，我无法形容。也就是超出了描述的能力，所以选项C符合句意。

11.单选题

Withourmagnificentnewcollegesoffurthereducation,thesuper-polytechnicsspringinguplikemushrooms,andourmuchvauntedincreaseofstudentsinfull-timeeducation,onevitalpointisbeinglefttousofeducationalthinking.Whatwillitearn?Because—sadasitmayseemtothosewhobelieveinits-mind-broadening,horizon-wideningandstaminatestingqualities—youcan'teateducation.Thereare39universitiesandcollegesofferingdegreecoursesinGeography,butIhaveneverseenanygoodjobsforGeographygraduatesadvertised.OramIaloneinsuspectingthattheywillallreturntoteachGeographytoanothersetofstudents,whointurnwillteachmoreGeographyundergraduates?

OnlytenuniversitiescurrentlyofferdegreecoursesinAeronauticalEngineering,whichperhapsisjustaswell,inviewofthespeedwiththeaircraftindustryhasbeendispensingwithexcesspersonnel.Ontheotherhand,hospitalcasualtydepartmentsthroughoutthecountryarehavingtoclosedownbecauseofthelackofdoctors.Thereason?Universitymedicalschoolscanonlyfindplacesforhalforthosewhoapply.

ItseemstomethatthetimeisripefortheDepartmentofEmploymentandProductivityandtheDepartmentofEducationandSciencetogettogetherwiththeuniversitiesandproducearevisededucationalsystemthatwillmakeamoreeconomicuseofthewealthoftalent,applicationandindustrycurrentlybeingfittedawayoncertificates,diplomasanddegreesthatnoonewantstoknowabout.Theymightmakeastartbyreintroducingagenuine“General”CertificateofEducation.Inthedayswhenitmeantsomething,thiswascalledtheSchoolCertificate.Employerslikedit,becauseitindicatedproficiencyinEnglish,Arithmetic,ScienceandHumanities—inotherwords,thatyouhadanall-roundeducation.Youcoulduseitasaspringboardtohighereducation,butitactuallymeantsomethinginitself,ineveryindustryforchemicaltoclothing.

1.TheusefulnessofGeographycoursesisrestrictedmainlybecause（

）.

2.Incontrastwiththeaircraftindustry,hospitals

（

）.

3.“Industry”(Line4,Para....3)means

（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“noonewantstoknowabout”(Line5,Para.3)?

问题1选项

A.therearenogoodjobsforGeographygraduatesadvertised

B.Geographygraduatescanonlybeteachers

C.GeographygraduatesarenotallowedtodothejobsrelatedtoGeography

D.Geographygraduatesarenotqualifiedformanyjobsduetothepoortrainingtheyreceivedinschool

问题2选项

A.arefullofqualifiedpersonnel

B.havemorequalifiedpersonnelthanschools

C.needmorequalifiedpersonnelthantheycanget

D.needfewerpersonnelthanotherorganizations

问题3选项

A.business

B.hardwork

C.trade

D.educationalsystem

问题4选项

A.Nooneknowsaboutthem.

B.Noonehastheideaoftheuseofthem

C.Thereisnointerestinordemandforthem

D.Thereisnouseinknowingaboutthem

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段的内容“教育思想留给我们一个重要的问题。它能挣多少钱?对于那些相信教育能使人开阔思维、开阔视野、具备吃苦耐劳品质的人来说这似乎很悲哀，因为教育并不能让你填饱肚子。”接下来以地理专业的毕业生为例来说明这个问题，所以由此可以推断，地理课程的实用性收到限制是因为教育的问题，所以选项D符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段倒数第二句“hospitalcasualtydepartmentsthroughoutthecountryarehavingtoclosedownbecauseofthelackofdoctors.由于缺少医生，全国各地的医院急诊室都不得不关闭。”由此可知，医院需要比他们所能得到的还要更多的合格人员，选项C符合原文。

3.词义题。根据下文的描述“industrycurrentlybeingfittedawayoncertificates,diplomasanddegreesthatnoonewantstoknowabout.目前，‘industry’正在提供没有人想知道的证书、文凭和学位。”证书，文凭和学位都是涉及教育的，由此可推测“industry”指的是教育体系。

4.语义题。根据上一题可知，这里没人想知道的是教育体系所提供的证书，文凭和学位。再根据第三段的内容可知，作者呼吁各部门一起改变现有的教育体系，并建议引进真正通用的教育证书。说明人们对现在的教育体系所提供的证书，文凭和学位不感兴趣而且也不需要。所以选项C符合原文。

12.翻译题

继续推进农村税费改革，减轻农民负担，保护农民利益。

1996年，世界上海拔最高的现代化的、多功能的大型图书馆西藏自治区图书馆建成开馆。

中国不寻求霸权或支配世界事务，而是倡导建立国际政治经济新秩序。

不坚决惩治腐败，党同人民群众的血肉联系就会受到严重损害，党的执政地位就有丧失的危险，党就有可能走向自我毁灭。

维护祖国统一事关中华民族的根本利益。中国人民将义无反顾地捍卫国家主权和领土完整，绝不允许任何人以任何方式把台湾从中国分裂出去。

【答案】Continuetopushforwardthereformofruraltaxesandfees,toalleviatefarmers’burdensandprotecttheinterestsofthefarmers.

In1996,alargemodemandmulti-functionallibraryofthehighestelevationintheworld,namelytheTibetAutonomousRegionLibrary,wasbuiltandopened.

Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyordominanceoverworldaffairs,butadvocatestoestablishanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.

Withoutresolutelypunishingcorruption,theflesh-bloodrelationshipbetweenourPartyandthepeoplewillbeseverelydamaged,therulingstatusofourPartyruntheriskoflossandourPartyislikelytoheadtowardself-destruction.

TosafeguardnationalunitybearsonthefundamentalinterestoftheChinesenation.WeChinesepeoplewillsafeguardourstatesovereigntyandterritorialintegritywithfirmresolve.WewillneverallowanyonetoseparateTaiwanfromChinainanyway.

13.单选题

Morethanadecadeago,cognitivescientistsJohnBransfordandDanielSchwartz,boththenatVanderbiltUniversity,foundthatwhatdistinguishedyoungadultsfromchildrenwasnottheabilitytoretainfactsorapplypriorknowledgetoanewsituationbutaqualitytheycalledpreparationforfuturelearning.Theresearchersaskedfifthgradersandcollegestudentstocreatearecoveryplantoprotectbaldeaglesfromextinction.Shockingly,thetwogroupscameupwithplansofsimilarquality(althoughthecollegestudentshadbetterspellingskills).Fromthestandpointofatraditionaleducator,thisoutcomeindicatedthatschoolinghadfailedtohelpstudentsthinkaboutecosystemandextinction,majorscientificideas.

Theresearchersdecidedtogodeeper,however.Theyaskedbothgroupstogeneratequestionsaboutimportantissuesneededtocreaterecoveryplans.Onthistask,theyfoundeaglesandtheirhabitats.Fifthgraderstendedtofocusonfeaturesofindividualeagles(“Howbigarethey?''and'"Whatdotheyeat?’’).Thecollegestudentshadcultivatedtheabilitytoaskquestions,thecornerstoneofcriticalthinking.Theyhadlearnedhowtolearn.

Museumsandotherinstitutionsofinformallearningmaybebettersuitedtoteachthisskillthanelementaryandsecondaryschools.AttheExploratoriuminSanFrancisco,werecentlystudiedlearningtoaskgoodquestionscanaffectthequalityofpeople’sscientificinquiry.Wefoundthatwetaughtparticipantstoask“Whatif?”and“Howcan?’’questionsthatnobodypresentwouldknowtheanswertoandthatwouldsparkexploration,theyengagedinbetterinquiryatthenextexhibit—askingmorequestions,performingmoreexperimentsandmakingbetterinterpretationsoftheirresults.Specifically,theirquestionsbecamemorecomprehensiveatthenewexhibit.Ratherthanmerelyaskingaboutsomethingtheywantedtotry,theytendedtoincludebothcauseandeffectintheirquestion.Askingjuicyquestionsappearstobeatransferableskillfordeepeningcollaborativeinquiryintothesciencecontentfoundinexhibits.

Thistypeoflearningisnotconfinedtomuseumsorinstitutionalsettings.Informallearningenvironmentstoleratefailurebetterthanschools.Perhapsmanyteachershavetoolittletimetoallowstudentstoformandpursuetheirownquestionsandtoomuchgroundtocoverinthecurriculum.Butpeoplemustacquirethisskillsomewhere.Oursocietydependsonthembeingabletomakecriticaldecisionsabouttheirownmedicaltreatment,say,orwhatwemustdoaboutglobalenergyneedsanddemands.Forthat,wehavearobustinformallearningsystemthatgivesnogrades,takesallcomers,andisavailableevenonholidaysandweekends.

1.Whatistraditionaleducators’interpretationoftheresearchoutcomementionedinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inwhatwayarecollegestudentsdifferentfromchildren?

3.Whatisthebenefitofaskingquestionswithnoreadyanswers?

4.Whatissaidtobetheadvantageofinformallearning?

5.Whatdoestheauthorseemtoencourageeducatorstodoattheendofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Studentsarenotabletoapplypriorknowledgetonewproblems

B.Collegestudentsarenobetterthanfifthgradersinmemorizingfacts.

C.Educationhasnotpaidenoughattentiontomajorenvironmentissues

D.Educationhasfailedtoleadstudentstothinkaboutmajorscientificideas

问题2选项

A.Theyhavelearnedtothinkcritically.

B.Theyareconcernedaboutsocialissues.

C.Theyarecuriousaboutspecificfeatures

D.Theyhavelearnedtoworkindependently

问题3选项

A.Itarousesstudents'interestinthingsaroundthem

B.Itcultivatesstudents'abilitytomakescientificinquiries

C.Ittrainsstudents'abilitytodesignscientificexperiments

D.Ithelpsstudentsrealizenoteveryquestionhasananswer

问题4选项

A.Itallowsforfailures

B.Itchargesnotuition

C.Itisentertaining

D.Itmeetspracticalneeds

问题5选项

A.Trainstudentstothinkaboutglobalissues

B.Designmoreinteractiveclassroomactivities

C.Makefulluseofinformallearningresources

D.Includecollaborativeinquiryinthecurriculum.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“traditionaleducator”定位到第一段最后一句“Fromthestandpointofatraditionaleducator,thisoutcomeindicatedthatschoolinghadfailedtohelpstudentsthinkaboutecosystemandextinction,majorscientificideas.”从传统教育家的立场来看，这一结果表明，学校教育未能帮助学生思考生态系统和灭绝，这是主要的科学思想。也就是说，教育未能引导学生思考主要的科学思想。选项D符合原文。

2.判断推理题。根据第一段第一句“JohnBransford和DanielSchwartz发现，区分年轻人和儿童的不在于他们是否能够记住事实或将之前的知识应用到新环境中，而在于他们称之为为未来学习做准备的素质。”再根据第二段最后一句“Thecollegestudentshadcultivatedtheabilitytoaskquestions,thecornerstoneofcriticalthinking.Theyhadlearnedhowtolearn.大学生培养了问问题的能力，这是批判性思维的基石。他们学会了如何学习。”选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段第三句“toask“Whatif?”and“Howcan?”questionsthatnobodypresentwouldknowtheanswertoandthatwouldsparkexploration.问“如果……会怎样?”和“怎么可能?”等一些没有人知道答案的问题，将会引发探索。”所以选项B“培养学生科学探究的能力”符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“Informallearningenvironmentstoleratefailurebetterthanschools.”非正式的学习环境比学校更能容忍失败。选项A符合原文。

5.判断推理题。根据最后一段最后两句“我们的社会依赖于他们能够对自己的医疗做出关键性的决定，或者说我们必须为全球能源需求做些什么。为此，我们有一个强大的非正式学习系统，不打分，适用于所有人群，甚至在节假日和周末也可以使用。”也就是说，作者建议教育者们充分利用非正式学习系统的资源。选项C符合原文。

14.单选题

Radarisusedtoextendthe（

）ofman'ssensesforobservinghisenvironment,especiallythesenseofvision.

问题1选项

A.validity

B.liability

C.capability

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项validity“有效性，正确性”；B选项liability“责任，可能性”；C选项capability“才能，能力”；D选项intensity“强度”。句意：雷达是用来扩展人们观察环境的感知能力，特别是视觉感知能力。选项C符合语境。

15.单选题

Thetouristsaidthattheanimalbelongedtoa（

）thathehadn'tseenbefore.

问题1选项

A.species

B.specimen

C.spectrum

D.sample

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项species“物种”；B选项specimen“样品，标本”；C选项spectrum“光谱”；D选项sample“样本”。句意：游客说这种动物是他以前从未见过的物种。选项A符合句意。

16.单选题

Mothertoldmethatthemostimportantthingofchoosingapieceofclothisits（

）.

问题1选项

A.style

B.texture

C.textile

D.content

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项style“风格，类型”；B选项texture“质地，纹理，结构”；C选项textile“纺织品”；D选项content“内容，满足”。句意：母亲告诉我，挑选一块布最重要的是看它的质地。选项B符合句意。

17.单选题

JackwasabouttoannounceourplanbutI（

）.

问题1选项

A.puthimthrough

B.turnedhimout

C.gavehimup

D.cuthimshort

【答案】D

【解析】词组辨析题。A选项putthrough“接通，完成”；B选项turnout“结果是”；C选项giveup“放弃”；D选项cutshort“打断，缩减”。句意：杰克正要宣布我们的计划，但我打断了他。选项D更符合语境。

18.单选题

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesameconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubstance,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultipleearners,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsaretheelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffers.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandinkindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.Whatdoesthe“labormarketproblems”referto?

2.Theauthorcontraststhe1930'swiththepresentinordertoshowthat（

）.

3.Theauthor'spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringayearismostprobablytoshowthat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,onefactorthatcausesoursocietytooverestimatethedegreeofeconomichardshipisthe（

）.

问题1选项

A.ATheoverallcausesofpoverty

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingoftheworkforce

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods

D.Shortageofjobsprovidingadequateincome

问题2选项

A.morepeoplewereemployedinthe1930's

B.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow.

C.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

D.nowthereisagreaterproportion

问题3选项

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipthepoorworkerssuffer

C.recurrentunemploymentinthelabormarketcancausehardshipsforindividualworkers

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanytimedoesnotsufferseverehardship

问题4选项

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflow-wageworkers.

B.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwages

C.establishmentofasystemofrecordkeepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

D.prevalenceofsecondaryearnersamonglow-wageworkersandtheunemployed

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.语义题。根据关键词“labormarketproblems”定位到第一段第一句“有多少人因为劳动力市场问题而遭受不幸呢?”下文随即指出“Unemploymentdoesnothavethesameconsequencestoday.如今失业不会带来同样的后果。”由此可知，这里的劳动市场问题指的是失业，选项D符合原文。

2.判断推理题。根据下文“不断增加的财富、不止一个收入者的家庭增多、失业人群中中等收入者的优势日益显现，以及社会福利保障的改善，这些都毫无疑问地减轻了失业的后果。”由此可推断，作者是想表达现在的失业问题所带来的影响没有那么严重。选项C正确。

3.作者意图题。根据题干可以定位到第二段的内容，本段的中心句为段落首句“Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.然而，我们的社会统计数据在许多方面低估了与劳动力市场相关的困难程度。”接下来进行举例说明。由此可知，作者提到那些一年内多次失业的人，是为了表明统计数据低估了贫困工人所遭受的苦难，所以选项B正确。

4.判断推理题。原文第一段指出社会统计数据在许多方面夸大了困难的程度，然后在第一段最后一句指出，计算在贫困统计之内的人大部分是年老者、残疾人或者由于家庭负担不能进入劳务市场者，因此这些贫困统计数据根本就不能精确地反映出劳动力市场所存在的问题。由此可推断，之所以会高估经济困难的程度，是因为建立了记录系统，使得编撰贫穷统计数据成为可能，这些数据不一定是真实情况的反映，所以选项C正确。

19.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

没有改革开放，就没有今天的经济发展。

祖国的地下到处都是埋藏着丰富的矿产资源。

弄得不好，就会前功尽弃。

不经一事，不长一智。

青年人和老年人不同，女青年和老太太也不同，不考虑这些情况，恐怕就解决不好“代沟”问题。

【答案】Withoutthereformandopening-up,theeconomicwillnotbewelldevelopedliketoday.

Therearerichmineralresourcesatundergroundofourmotherland.

Ifscrewup,you'llbacktosquareone.

Afallinthepit;againinthewit.

Theyoungdiffersfromtheoldwhiletheyoungwomenandoldladyvaryalot,withoutattentiontothis,it'shardtosolvethe“generationgap”.

20.单选题

Whethertheirfootballteamwinisamatterof（

）tome.

问题1选项

A.indifference

B.discrimination

C.deviation

D.interests

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项indifference“漠不关心”；B选项discrimination“歧视，区别”；C选项deviation“偏差，误差”；D选项interest“兴趣，爱好”。句意：他们的足球队是否能赢对我来说无关紧要。选项A符合语境。

21.单选题

Iwasalwaystaughtthatitwas（

）tointerrupt.

问题1选项

A.rude

B.coarse

C.rough

D.crude

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项rude“粗鲁的，无礼的”；B选项coarse“粗糙的，粗俗的”；C选项rough“粗野的，粗略的”；D选项crude“天然的，未加工的”。句意：我总是被教导打断别人说话是粗鲁的。选项A符合句意。

22.单选题

CampaigningontheIndianfrontierisanexperiencebyitself.Neitherthelandscapenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsinanyotherportionoftheglobe.Valleywallsrisesteeplyfiveorsixthousandfeetoneveryside.Thecolumnscramthroughamazeofgiantcorridorsdownwhichfiercesnow-fedtorrentsfoamunderskiesofbrass.Amidthesescenesofsavagebrilliancytheredwellsaracewhosequalifiesseemtoharmonizewiththeirenvironment.Exceptatharvest-time,whenself-preservationrequiresatemporarytruce,thePathantribesarealwaysengagedinprivateorpublicwar.Everymanisawarrior,apoliticianandatheologian.Everylargehouseisarealfeudalfortressmade,itistrue,onlyofsun-bakedclay,butwithbattlements,turrets,loopholes,drawbridges,etc.Complete.Everyvillagehasitsdefence.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan,itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleftunpaid.Forthepurposesofsociallife,inadditiontotheconventionaboutharvest-time,amostelaboratecodeofhonourhasbeenestablishedandisonthewholefaithfullyobserved.Amanwhoknewitandobserveditfaultlesslymightpassunarmedfromoneendofthefrontiertoanother.Theslightesttechnicalslipwould,however,befatal.ThelifeofthePathanisthusfullofinterest;andhisvalleys,nourishedalikebyendlesssunshineandabundantwater,arefertileenoughtoyieldwithlittlelabourthemodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation.

Intothishappyworldthenineteenthcenturybroughttwonewfacts;therifleandtheBritishGovernment.Thefirstwasanenormousluxuryandblessing;thesecond,anunmitigatednuisance.TheconvenienceoftheriflewasnowheremoreappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.Aweaponwhichwouldkillwithaccuracyatfifteenhundredyardsopenedawholenewvistaofdelightstoeveryfamilyorclanwhichcouldacquireit.Onecouldactuallyremaininone'sownhouseandfileatone'sneighbournearlyamileaway.Onecouldlieinwaitonsomehighcrag,andathithertounheard-ofrangeshitahorsemanfarbelow.Evenvillagescouldfireateachotherwithoutthetroubleofgoingfarfromhome.Fabulouspriceswerethereforeofferedforthesegloriousproductsofscience.Rifle-thievesscouredallIndiatoreinforcetheeffortsofthehonestsmuggler.Asteadyflowofthecovetedweaponsspreaditsgenialinfluencethroughoutthefrontier,andtherespectwhichthePathantribesmenentertainedforChristiancivilizationwasvastlyenhanced.

TheactionoftheBritishGovernmentontheotherhandwasentirelyunsatisfactory.Thegreatorganizing,advancing,absorbingpowertothesouthwardseemedtobelittlebetterthanamonstrousspoil-sport.IfthePathanmadeforaysintotheplains,notonlyweretheydrivenback(whichafterallwasnomorethanfair),butawholeseriesofsubsequentinterferencestookplace,followedatintervalsbyexp