SPC的知识及技巧

1、统计技术流程控制Statistical Process Control for Operators 惠亚集团SPC课程 A Workshop from Our Worldwide SPC CurriculumWelcome欢迎SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,20012 SSETMSYVIA培训目的的TrainingGoal目的-助你获得得SPC的知识及及技巧OurGoal-Tohelp yougain relevant SPCknowledge&skills. SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,20013 SSETM

2、SYVIA什么是SPC及SPC的益处What is SPCandbenefits.数据的收收集及测测量Data collectionand measurement.使用反应应计划解解决问题题Troubleshootingusingreactionplans流程的稳稳定&能力(CP和CPK)Process StabilityandCapability.(CPand CPK)培训内容容TrainingAgendaSPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,20014 SSETMSYVIA什么是SPC?What is SPC? 利用统计计技术如如控制图图去分析析流程或或其

3、产物物,以采取适适当的行行动去达达致及维维持一个个受统计计技术控控制的状状态以及及改善流流程能力力. Theuse ofstatisticaltechniques suchascontrolchartstoanalyzeaprocessoritsoutputssoastotake appropriate actionstoachieveandmaintainastateofstatisticalcontrolandtoimprovetheprocesscapability. SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,20015 SSETMSYVIAOutofcon

4、trol失控Trends趋势Shifts偏移Control Chart控制图统计技术 Statistical 流程 Process 控制 Control LCLUCL什么是SPC?What is SPC?SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,20016 SSETMSYVIAMeasurement测量CauseEffectDiagram因果图（鱼骨图图）Effect 果 Machine 机 Environment 环境 Man 人 Material 物料 Methods 方法 Cause 因 什么是SPC?What is SPC?SPCfor Operators

5、- Version2.1 Mar.10,20017 SSETMSYVIAParetoDiagram柏拉图DefectivesScratchPlugholeOpenShort什么是SPC?What is SPC?SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,20018 SSETMSYVIADetermineKey ProductCharacteristics介定关键键的产品品特性DetermineKey Variables介定关键键的变量量Plan theMatrixofValidationTests计划确认认测试的的矩阵DOE实验设计计什么是SPC?What is S

6、PC?SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,20019 SSETMSYVIAFunction affected 被影响的功能 Potential Failure mode 潜在缺陷模式 - Potential Effect 潜在影响 - Potential Cause 潜在原因 - Design Control 设计控制 Action Plan 行动计划 Result 结果 FMEA 缺陷模式与后果分析 什么是SPC?What is SPC?SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200110 SSETMSYVIA什么是SPC?

7、What is SPC?SPC数据=流程的声声音SPCdata= thevoiceoftheprocess!统计技术术Statistical收集及整整理数字字化的事事实数据据Collection &arrangementofnumerical facts.Data!控制 Control预防,预测,监管Prevention.Prediction.Regulation.流程 Process执行一件件工作的的一连串串步骤Seriesofstepstoperform atask是否一组组图表?Isita setofcharts?是否一个个警告系系统?Isita warningsystem?是否一个个预

8、防性性方法?Isita preventivemethod?SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200111 SSETMSYVIA使用SPC目的UsingSPCObjectives我们的SPC目的是为为你提供供一个有有利于持持续改善善的工具具:OurSPC objectivesistoprovideyouwitha toolfor continualimprovementthat helps to:将流程变变异减致致最少minimizeprocess variation.消除流程程的错败败eliminatefailuresinour processes.将产品

9、能能力尽量量提升maximizeproduct capability.加强客户户满意程程度increasecustomersatisfaction. SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200112 SSETMSYVIASPC价值SPCValue少报废Less scarp少返工Less rework少停机Less downtime更佳利润润Betterprofit更佳市场场信誉Good reputationinmarketplace!惠亚集团团Viasystems GroupSPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,2001SS

10、ETMSYVIASPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200113 SSETMSYVIASPC价值SPCValue更佳产品品质量Betterqualityproduct更多可靠靠产品More reliable delivery可以信赖赖的供应应商A supplier theycan count on客户CustomersSPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,2001SSETMSYVIASPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200114 SSETMSYVIASPC价值SPCValue少挫败感感及

11、无聊聊时间Less frustration &downtime更能控制制工作More control更能对流流程及产产品问题题作正确确决定Ability to makethe right decision aboutprocess of productproblems能生产更更优值的的产品Betterproductcomingfromtheare infrontofme你YouSPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200115 SSETMSYVIASPC如何帮忙忙?HowSPC CanHelp生产中DuringProduction发生问题题时(特别成因因)SP

12、C数据会发发出讯号号SPCdatasend asignal thattheresa problem(specialcause).我们采取取纠正行行动防止止问题Wetakecorrective actiontoprevent defects.将来 Forthe FutureSPC数据提供供一个流流程变异异的历史史记录SPCdataprovide ahistoryofthevariation in theprocess.我们改善善流程以以减少一一般原因因导致的的变异Weimprove theprocesstoreducecommon cause variation.SPCfor Operators

13、- Version2.1 Mar.10,200116 SSETMSYVIA统计技术术及控制制图Statistics andControl Charts如何运用统计技术于控制图? How do we use these statistics on control charts?收集数据-数目或量度某物 Collect data - count or measure something. 于控制图上画上数值 Plot the data on the control chart. 或. OR . . . 计算统计数值于控制图上画上数值 Calculate a statistic and plot t

14、he statistic on the chart.SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200117 SSETMSYVIA什么数据据需要收收集?Whatdata do we need?为什么需需要收集集数据?Whydoweneed to collectdata?如何得到到数据?Howwill we getthedata?何时收集集数据;多久收集集一次?Whendowecollect it;howoften?流程中哪哪处收集集数据?Whereintheprocessdowegetthe data?谁收集数数据?Whocollectsthedata?收集数据 C

15、ollect data SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200118 SSETMSYVIA什么数据据需要收收集?What datadowecollect?收集数据 Collect data 客户要求: 功能;外观 Customer Requirements Functional Aesthetic 产品特性 Product Features 流程变数 Process Variables SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200119 SSETMSYVIA为什么需需要收集集数据?Whyshould we collect

16、the data?收集数据 Collect data 监控变异异Tomonitor variation.尽早指出出流程问问题Toidentifyprocess problems as early as possible.为什么?Why?SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200120 SSETMSYVIA如何收集集数据?Howdowecollectthedata?如何?How?收集数据据Collect data我们需要要一个测测量系统统Weneed ameasurementsystem. 方法-技巧,工具,经培训的的员工Method-technique, t

17、ool, trainedpeople记录-数据收集集表格,表达数据据的格式式(即控制图图)Record-data collectionsheet, formattopresent data(i.e., controlchart) 计划-负责人,收集数据据地点,频率,时间Plan-who, where,howoften, whenSPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200121 SSETMSYVIA何时及何何处收集集数据?When &wheredoweget thedata?那一个比比较好?Whichisbetter?流程中作作测量Measure on-lin

18、e最后检查查Inspect at endSPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200122 SSETMSYVIA何时收集集数据?When do we collectthe data?流程中作作测量Measure On-line, DuringtheProcessSPCSPC预防性Prevention focus避免浪费费Avoidswaste提供质量量一致的的产品Deliversconsistent products减少变量量Reduces variation主动性Proactive于流程终终点作检检查Inspect Productatthe Endofthe

19、Process检查 Inspection侦察性Detectionfocus容忍浪费费Tolerateswaste返工 Reworks products容忍变异异Toleratesvariation被动性ReactiveSPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200123 SSETMSYVIA数据的种种类TypesofData计量的Variables可用连续续性的单单位Measure on acontinuousscale可以是流流程或量量度的特特性Foraprocess or product 例子:Examples:线宽 line width板料厚度度lamin

20、ation thickness计数的Attributes数量,等级,类别Count,grade, categorize不能量度度的Cantmeasure it一般是产产品特性性Usually fora product 例子:Examples:坏品百分分比% defectiveparts甩货百分分比% orderslateSPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200124 SSETMSYVIA控制图种种类TypesofControl Charts计量控制制图VariablesCharts用于连续续单位的的量度Fordatawegetbymeasuring on

21、acontinuousscale.例子 Examples温度 temperature线宽 circuit width厚度 pinheight分别监察察两组统统计数值值的三对对控制图图Threepairsofchartsthatmonitor twostatistics.平均及范范围(X-R)Average &R(averageandrange)平均及标标准差(X-S)Average &S(averageandstandarddeviation)个别值移移动范围围(X-MR)X &MR(individualsand movingrange)SPCfor Operators- Version2.1

22、 Mar.10,200125 SSETMSYVIA计数控制制图AttributeCharts用于数量量等级或或分类的的数据Fordatawegetbycounting, gradingorcategorizing things.例子 Examples甩货百分分比# of latedeliveries坏板百分分比# of defectivecircuit boards计数控制制图AttributeChartsNP P U C控制图种种类TypesofControl ChartsSPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200126 SSETMSYVIA规格Speci

23、fications客户,供应商或或内部工工程要求求Customer,supplierorinternalengineeringrequirements包括:Include:目标或中中间值(最理想的的)targetornominalvalue(the ideal!)在目标值值两旁可可接受的的变异allowablevariation on eitherside of thetargetvalue规格上限限=目标值+可接爱的的变异USL=target+allowablevariation规格下限限=目标值-可接受的的变异LSL=target-allowablevariationSPCfor Oper

24、ators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200127 SSETMSYVIA例子-酸浓度Example - AcidConcentration规格是130克/升+/-30克升Specification is 130grams/liter+/-30grams/liter规格上限限=目标值+可接受的的变量USL=target+allowablevariation130+30= 160规格下限限=目标值-可接受的的变异LSL=target-allowablevariation130-30= 100可接受变变异的总总值=规格上限限=规格下限限Totalallowablevariation =U

25、SL -LSL160-100=60SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200128 SSETMSYVIA控制限-控制上,下限Control Limits-UCL, LCL若流程受受到控制制:Ifyour processisincontrol:99.7%的数据将将会在控控制上限限及下限限之间.99.7 %ofthe datapoints willbebetweentheUCL andLCL.数据没有有特定的的图样=随机的.Data pointswill shownopattern= random.大部分数数据会趋趋向平均均值.Most datapoints w

26、illbeclosetothe average.数据应有有一半在在平均值值以上及及一半在在以下.Data pointsbe50/50aboveandbelowaverage.SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200129 SSETMSYVIA控制限-好处Control Limits-Benefits减少两个个可能的的错误Minimizestwo possible mistakes:忽略问题题Ignoringa problem.采取不必必要的纠纠正行动动Takingunnecessarycorrectiveaction. 曲线下的的出现可可能性已已知Prob

27、abilities under thecurveareknown.有利于预预测和计计划Good forprediction andplanning.有利于侦侦察不正正常的数数据Good forspottingweirdpatternsofpoints.SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200130 SSETMSYVIA控制图及及标准差差Control Charts& Standard Deviation使用标准准差决定定控制上上限及下下限,如钟状曲曲线.TodetermineUCL &LCL,usestandarddeviation (s)-just li

28、kethe bellcurve!+3s -3s UCL = Average + 3s Average LCL = Average - 3s -3s +3s 利用变异异的数值值(标准差)去建立变变异的一一般范围围(控制上限限及下限限之间的的范围)是否合理理?Doesnt it makesensetouse ameasureofvariation(standard deviation)toestablish anormal range of variation(areabetween UCLandLCL)foraprocess?SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10

29、,200131 SSETMSYVIA设定控制制限Setting ControlLimitsAverage -3s +3s -2s +2s -1s +1s LCL UCL -3s +3s -2s +2s -1s +1s LCL UCL Average -3s +3s -2s +2s -1s +1s LCL UCL Average 将钟状曲曲线转90度Flip thebell curve on itsside.SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200132 SSETMSYVIA设定控制制限Setting ControlLimitsUCL=Average +3s

30、 LCL=Average - 3s -3s +3s -2s +2s -1s +1s Average LCL UCL 这是什么么意思?What doesitall mean?SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200133 SSETMSYVIA生产中使使用SPCUsingSPCDuring Production1.收集数据 Collect data 3. 理解数据 Interpret the data 2.在图上记录数据 Record data on chart 4.特别成因 Special Cause? 6.采取纠正行动 Take corrective ac

31、tion 5.继续执行流程 Continue to run the process 是Yes否No 7. 准备文件 Document SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200134 SSETMSYVIA使用SPC-例子UsingSPC-AnExample8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 mils 是否有特别问题发生? Did anything special happen? 1.收集数据 Collect data 3.理解数据 Interp

32、ret the data 2.在图上记录数据 Record data on chart 4.特别成因 Special Cause?SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200135 SSETMSYVIA基本控制制图格式式BasicControl Chart Format一般原因因导致的的变异Commoncausevariation特别原因因导致的的变异Special cause variation8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 milsUCLLCLY轴-量度y

33、-axis-scaleformeasurementsX轴-时间X-axis-time sequenceSPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200136 SSETMSYVIA平均值(典形数值值)Average (thetypicalvalue)平均年龄龄=(27+27+33+46+57)5 =38岁Average age= (27+27+33+46+57)5 =38years27 27 33 46 57 Average age= 38统计技术术-中间值倾倾向Statistics - CentralTendencySPCfor Operators- Versio

34、n2.1 Mar.10,200137 SSETMSYVIA统计技术术-分布Statistics - Spread范围(R)-最大数字字减最小小数字Range(R)-highestnumberminuslowest numberR=(57-27)=30岁R =(57 -27) =30years幅度=30岁Range= 30 years27 27 33 46 57 SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200138 SSETMSYVIA统计技术术-分布Statistics - Spread标准差(S)=个别数值与平均值相差的平方 Standard deviatio

35、n (S) - How far away, on average, are the individual data values from the average age?S=13.2 岁 S = 13.2 yearsAverage = 38 11 years11 years19 years8 years5 years2727334657SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200139 SSETMSYVIA例子-计数控制制图Example - AttributeChartP Chart - VAASFastechFinalInspectionAverage

36、LCL UCL 0 15000 30000 45000 60000 75000 90000 105000 120000 135000 150000 1 2 3 4 5 6 PPM SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200140 SSETMSYVIA流程稳定定性Process Stability稳定的流流程StableProcess一致的Consistent可预测的的Predictable特别原因因Nospecial causes受控的Incontrol稳定性可可用控制制图量度度Stabilityismeasuredusingcontrolcharts.流程

37、可以以是受控控,但不符合合规格的的.A processcouldbeincontrol,but notmeet specifications.? ? SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200141 SSETMSYVIA什么是流流程?What is aprocess?完成一件件工作的的一连串串步骤A seriesofstepswefollowtoaccomplisha task.步骤Steps 成品 Outputs 输入 Inputs ? ? SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200142 SSETMSYVIA流程的内内

38、容ThepartsofaProcess物料Materials 人People 机器/设备Machines 方法Methods 环境 Environment SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200143 SSETMSYVIA稳定,能力及质质量Stability, Capability&Quality为能做到到优越的的表现,工作流程程必须:Toachieve performance excellence, workprocesses mustbe:稳定Stable一致的,可预计的的consistent,predictable有能力Capable持续符合合规格

39、continuallymeetsspecifications持续改善善Continuallyimproved惠亚集团品质政策 Viasystems Global Quality Policy 惠亚集团承诺通过优越的表现以满足客户要求 Viasystems is committed to Customer Satisfaction through Performance Excellence.SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200144 SSETMSYVIA流程稳定定及能力力Process Stability& Capability有能力的的流程Capab

40、le Process流程有能能力持续续的满足足规格要要求Process hastheabilitytocontinuallymeet specifications.流程必须须处于受受控状态态(统计技术术角度),才可被认认为有能能力Process mustbeinstatisticalcontrolbeforeitcan be consideredcapable.SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200145 SSETMSYVIA稳定Stability稳定的流程 Stable process 受统计技术控制 in statistical control 无特

41、别原因导致的变异 no special causes of variation 稳定流程的控制图 Control chart from a stable process 无超越控制上限或下限的点 no points outside UCL or LCL 无偏移或走势 no shifts or trends流程可以说是于一定时间内受到控制,而只有一般原因导致的变异 Such a process is said to be in control over a series of time, with only common causes present. LCL UCL CL SPCfor Ope

42、rators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200146 SSETMSYVIA变异Variation个别成品品之间不不可避免免的分别别Theinevitabledifferencesamongindividual outputsofaprocess.一般原因因导致的的变异CommonCauseVariation正常,常见,可预计的的-自然的normal, usual,expectedthings-natural特别原因因导致的的变异Special Cause Variation偶发性,不可预计计的-特定的sporadic,unexpectedthings-assignableSPCfo

43、r Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200147 SSETMSYVIA变异何时时何地都都会出现现VariationisEverywhere!物料变异: 化学品浓度,混合比例及补料份量,不同供应商 Material Variation: chemical concentration, mix ratios & dosing; different suppliers 设备变异: 保养时间,损耗,调校过程 Machine Variation: maintenance schedules, wear & tear, calibration process 人为变异: 技巧及经

44、验,身材及体能,态度及纪律 People Variation: skill & experience, size & strength, attitude & discipline a 方法变异: 程序文件,文件维持 Method Variation: documentation of procedures, maintenance of documentation 环境变异: 时间,天气,厂房位置,空气污染 Environmental Variation: time, weather, location of plant, air contamination SPCfor Operators

45、- Version2.1 Mar.10,200148 SSETMSYVIA变异结果果ConsequencesofVariation流程中太多一般原因导致的变异 Too much common cause variation in a process 流程中出现特别原因导致的变异 An occurrence of special cause variation in a process影响工作 disruption in work 生产力下降 lost productivity 报废及返工 scrap and rework 甩交货期 missed delivery dates不稳定的产品表现 v

46、ariable product performance 不稳定的产量 erratic product yields 不稳定的产品特性 variations in product featuresAAAAAAA AAAAAAA SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200149 SSETMSYVIACp及Cpk值ValueofCpandCpk根据规格格评估流流程表现现.Evaluateprocess performance againstspecs.决定流程程是否能能满足新新规格要要求.Determineifprocesscanmeetnewspecs.根据Cp

47、k及Cp值的距离离制订改改善目标标.Setimprovementgoalbasedondistancebetween CpkandCp.评估供应应商.Evaluatesuppliers.用于销售售过程的的一部分分.Useaspartofsalesprocess.SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200150 SSETMSYVIACpk-量度流程程设定Cpk-MeasuresProcess Setting比较流程程中间值值设定及及目标.Comparessetting of processcenter (average)totarget. 基本定律律: Cpk

48、要求最少少1.33General rule-aim forCpkof1.33minimumUSL LSL 目标 Target 流程中间值 Process Center 偏离中间值 Off Center! SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200151 SSETMSYVIACpk-例子CpkExamplesCpk良好 Good CpkCpk差 Poor CpkLSL USL LSL USL SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200152 SSETMSYVIACp-量度流程程分布Cp- Measures ProcessSp

49、read比较可接接受变异异(A)及实际变变异(B)Compare allowablevariation(B) to actualvariation(A). B=USL-LSL A=6标准差A=6 standard deviations Cp=B/ALSL USL A B SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200153 SSETMSYVIACp必须大于于1CpShouldBeGreaterThan 1显示于实际变异少于可接受变异 Indicates actual variation is less than allowable variation.LSL U

50、SL LSL USL LSL USL Cp大于1 Cp greater than 1Cp = 1Cp小于1 Cp less than 1SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200154 SSETMSYVIACp-总结Cp- Conclusions数值越大越好! The bigger the number, the better! Cp的缺点-只能显示流程分布,但不能显示是否符合规格 Deficiency of Cp - It shows only the spread of process, but not the compliance to specifi

51、cation. 例子：两流程的Cp一样。 Example: Two processes with same Cp.USL LSL Target USL LSL Target SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200155 SSETMSYVIA流程能力力不足的的两种情情况TwoWaysa ProcessIsNOT Capable1.实际流程程变异超超出可接接受变异异的总值值Actualprocessvariation(A -six sigma) exceedstotalallowable variation(B -spec)TargetB A LSLUSL产

52、品不符合规格 Products out of spec 产品不符合规格 Products out of spec SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200156 SSETMSYVIA流程能力力不足的的两种情情况TwoWaysa ProcessIsNOT Capable2.如流程表表现不足足处于规规格的中中间位置置,并其中一一边的控制限超超越规格格限.Ifprocess is notcenteredproperlyandone of thecontrol limitsexceeds thespec limit.LSL USL LCL UCL Target A

53、verage 产品不能符合规格 Products out of spec! 产品不是最佳 Products not the best. SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200157 SSETMSYVIA若流程能能力不足足如何办办?What if aprocessisntcapable?流程需要要改善Theprocessneedsimprovement!首先,采取改善善行动,减少变异异,然后,按目标值值将流程程表现调调至中间间值.First,takeactiontoreduce thevariation. Then, centertheprocessove

54、r thetarget.表现不良 Bad news! 表现改善 Getting better 进一步改善 Much better USL LSL Target USL LSL Target USL LSL Target SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200158 SSETMSYVIA你需要做做什么?What shouldyoudo?USLLSLCp 2 and Cpk 1采取预防行动清除不合格产品 Take precautions to remove non-conforming products 持续努力减少变异 Continue efforts t

55、o minimize variation 将流程表现控制到中间值 Center the process维持流程于控制限内 Maintain process within control limits 持续努力减少变异 Continue efforts to minimize variation 将流程表现控制到中间值 Center the processUSLLSLCp 1SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200159 SSETMSYVIA你需要做做什么?What shouldyoudo?USLLSLCp 1.5维持流程于控制限内 Maintain pro

56、cess within control limits 持续努力减少变异 Continue efforts to minimize variationUSLLSLCp 2 and Cpk 2 and Cpk 1维持流程于控制限内 Maintain process within control limits USLLSLCp 2 and Cpk 1.5SPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200161 SSETMSYVIA失控图样样-第一定律律Out-ofControlPatterns-Rule 1任何点超超越控制制限Anypointbeyond thecontr

57、ol limits控制上限限以外Outside theUpperControl Limit8.08.71 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 LCLAverageUCL控制下限限以外Outside theLowerControl Limit8.08.71 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 LCLAverageUCLSPCfor Operators- Version2.1 Mar.10,200162 SSETMSYVIA失控图样样-第二定律律Out-ofControlPatterns-Rule 2连续七点点向上或或向下-走势Upwardordownwardrun of 7consecutivepoints -trend连续七点点向下Downwardrunofsevenconsecutivepoints连续七点点向上Upwardrun of seven consecutive points8.08.71 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15