2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南科技大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号32

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南科技大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.写作题Write on ANSWER SHEET a letter of about 150 words based on the following situation: You are Sally Parsons, dean of the School of Information Engineering, Southeast Missouri State University. Your school is employing

2、 prof. Lin Jia-xin from Beijing University to be a visiting professor. Your writing should include the following content:1. The purpose of your employment2. The payment and accommodation offered to the professor3. The employment duration4. Your expectation for a favorable and early reply5. Signature

3、 in your name with rank / position【答案】略2.单选题A（ ）statement will very likely be one that appears to be convincing on the surface, but which, upon closer examination, is not so.问题1选项A.plausibleB.reasonableC.credibleD.laudable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项plausible“看似可信的，花言巧语的”；B选项reasonable “合理的，公道的”；C选项credible

4、“可靠的，可信的”；D选项laudable“可赞誉的，值得称赞的”。句意：一个看似可信的陈述很可能是表面上看起来令人信服的，但在仔细检查后，却并非如此。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。3.单选题Over the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as

5、 sightings and encounters with “nonhuman creatures” such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aw

6、are of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.The Nazca “lines” of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These fines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are

7、 a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet-meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view th

8、em. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not take long to

9、scoff at and abandon von Danikens theory. Over the years several other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet. Currently there are over

10、 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin Americas past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

11、2. According to the passage, the Nazca lines were found（ ）.3. We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the（ ）images they present.3. There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because of（ ）.5. The author is（ ）about the role of the Internet in solving mysteri

12、es.问题1选项A.Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomenaB.Public attention is now directed towards countries like PeruC.Public interest usually focuses on North America and EuropeD.Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries问题2选项A.in mountainsB.in stonesC.on animalsD.on a pla

13、in问题3选项A.smallerB.largerC.clearerD.brighter问题4选项A.the participation of scientistsB.the emergence of the InternetC.the birth of new theoriesD.the interest in the Internet问题5选项A.cautiousB.pessimisticC.uncertainD.optimistic【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。题干：以下哪个选项的陈述不正确？文章第一段第三句指出Only recently

14、 has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well.（直到最近，拉丁美洲也开始受到一些关注。），可知A选项“拉丁美洲长期以来一直因异常现象而受到关注”，与原文意思矛盾，表述不正确，答案选A；根据第一段最后一句话Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phe

15、nomena in countries such as Peru.（尽管阿兹特克文明、玛雅文明和印加文明的奥秘已经为人所知好几个世纪了，但现在公众也开始意识到在秘鲁等国家出现了不寻常的超自然现象。），可知B选项“公众的注意力现在转向了像秘鲁这样的国家”和D选项“一些古代文明有未解之谜”，均符合文意；根据第一段第一句话Over the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phen

16、omena and unsolved mysteries.（在过去的几十年里，美国、加拿大和欧洲因异常现象和未解之谜而受到了大量媒体甚至研究的关注。），可知C选项“公众的兴趣通常集中在北美和欧洲”正确。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。2.事实细节题。题干：根据文章可知，纳斯卡线条在_被发现。由题干关键词“Nazca lines”定位至第二段第二句话These fines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a mo

17、nkey, and a lizard.（这些细雕被深深地雕刻成一个平坦的石质平原，并形成了大约300幅复杂的动物图片，如鸟、猴子和蜥蜴。），可知D选项“在平原”，正确。A选项“在山区”，B选项“石头上”和C选项“在动物身上”，均不是正确答案。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。3.事实细节题。题干：我们可以根据文章推断，在越高的地方看这些线条，图像展现得就会越_。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三，四句话Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they c

18、an only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet-meaning from an aircraft.（从地面上看，这些设计是乱七八糟，毫无意义的东西。这些图像是如此之大，以至于只能在1000英尺的高度也就是说从飞机上看。），也就是说，从越高的地方看这些线条，图案也就越清晰。所以本题C选项“越清晰”，符合题意。A选项“越渺小”，B选项“越庞大”，和D选项“越明亮”，均不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。4.事实细节题。题干：人们对纳斯卡线条越来越感兴趣主要是因为_。由题干可以定位到文章第三段前两句Today there is a new and h

19、eightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet.（今天，人们对纳斯卡线条有了新的更大的兴趣。它是互联网诞生的直接结果。），可知B选项“互联网的出现”，符合题意；而第三段最后一句话and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.（甚至受人尊敬的科学家也通过电子邮件和聊天室加入了讨论），是对互联网对其贡献的具体说明，不是直接原因，故A选项

20、“科学家的参与”，不正确；C选项“新理论的诞生”和D选项“互联网的兴趣”与题干无关，故排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。5.观点态度题。题干：关于互联网在解决神秘事件中的作用，作者是_。全文末句表达了作者的态度Perhaps it is a step in the fight direction.（也许这是朝着正确方向迈出的一步。）这里a step in the right direction是对这种解开不解之谜的方式的肯定，但加上perhaps之后可以感受到作者这种谨慎的态度，故A选项“谨慎的”，符合题意。B选项“悲观的”，C选项“不确定的”和D选项“乐观的”，均不是作者的态度。综上所

21、述，本题的正确答案是A选项。4.单选题All the parts of the washing machine are（ ）, so that it is very convenient to replace them.问题1选项A.normalizedB.standardizedC.mechanizedD.modernized【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项normalize“正常化，常规化，规格化”；B选项standardize “标准化，使标准化”；C选项mechanize“使机械化，机械化”；D选项modernize“使现代化”，句意：这台洗衣机的所有零件都标准化了，所以要更换它

22、们很方便。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。5.单选题The bar in the club is for the（ ）use of its members.问题1选项A.extensiveB.exclusiveC.inclusiveD.comprehensive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项extensive“广泛的，大量的”；B选项exclusive“独有的，专一的”；C选项inclusive“包含的，包括的”；D选项comprehensive“综合的，广泛的”。句意：俱乐部内的酒吧仅对会员开放。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。6.单选题（ ）the reason, i

23、mportant tissues ranging from the muscles to the brain shrink and become less competent with age.问题1选项A.HoweverB.No matter howC.WhicheverD.Whatever【答案】D【解析】考查让步状语从句。A选项however“然而”，通常引导一个让步状语从句，从句中的形容词或副词必须紧接其后；例如：However rich people are，they always seem anxious to take more money.（无论人们有多富裕，他们似乎总是渴望挣

24、到更多的钱。）；B选项no matter how“不管怎样，无论如何”，引导让步状语从句的用法：no matter how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语(+宾语）；例如：No matter how expensive it may be, Ill take it.（无论它有多贵，我也要买下它。）；C选项whichever，“不论哪个”引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter which，其意为“无论哪个”“不管哪个”，在句中充当定语或者宾语，例如：Whichever you choose, the others will be offended.（无论你选哪个，都会冒犯其余的人。）；D选项wh

25、atever，“不论什么”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what，在句中充当主语或者宾语，例如：Whatever you say, I wont believe you.（无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。），Whatever引导让步状语从句有时可以省略从句中的be动词，例如：Whatever your argument, I shall hold to my decision.（不论你怎样争辩，我还是坚持自己的决定。），本题属于省略be动词的情况，whatever the reason is，important tissues ranging from the muscles

26、to the brain shrink and become less competent with age.句意：不管是什么原因，从肌肉到大脑的重要组织都会随着年龄的增长而萎缩，能力下降。因此D选项正确。7.单选题He carried the parcel home himself, but he（ ）so, the shop could have sent it.问题1选项A.did not need to doB.neednt have doneC.must not have doneD.couldnt have done【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词辨析。A选项did not need

27、 to do “（过去）没必要/不需要做这事”，B选项neednt have done，need情态动词就完成时表示“本来无必要做这事（却做了）”，C选项must not have done“禁止这样做”；must not表示禁止，语气强硬，一般情况下后面不跟动词的完成时态，D选项couldnt have done“不能做这事(但做了)，”句意：他自己把包裹带回家，但他_，商店可以把包裹寄给他。句子表达的意思是商店可以把包裹寄给他，所以他过去没必要自己搬回包裹，表示过去没必要做，但是做了的事情，所以本题的正确答案是B选项。8.单选题This sort of rude behavior in p

28、ublic hardly（ ）a person in your position.问题1选项A.becomesB.fitsC.supportsD.improves【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项become有“与相称，适合(某人)”的含义，例句：This dress doesnt become the color of your skin.（这件裙子不衬你的肤色）；B选项fit虽然也有这个意思，但它主要是指尺寸、式样以及数量是否适合，例句：I cant find clothes to fit me.（我找不到合身的衣服。）；C选项support“支持，维护”；D选项improve意为“提

29、高，改善”。句意：在公共场合，这种粗鲁的行为与你的地位是不相符的。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。9.单选题It is imperative that the government（ ）more investment into the shipbuilding industry.问题1选项A.attractsB.shall attractC.attractD.has to attract【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。在it is+表示要求，建议，必要，命令意思的形容词或分词+主语从句的结构中。句子使用虚拟语气。其结构是“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，imperativ

30、e表示“必要的，不可避免的”。句意：吸引更多的投资到造船业是势在必行的。因此,本题的正确答案是C选项。10.单选题Dont let such a（ ）matter as this come between us so that we can concentrate on the major issue.问题1选项A.trivialB.partialC.slightD.minimal【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项trivial“不重要的，琐碎的”，trivial matter是固定搭配，表示“琐事”；B选项partial“偏爱的，不公平的”；C选项slight“轻微的，少量的”；D选项

31、minimal“最低的，最小限度的”。句意：不要让这件小事造成我们之间的障碍，以便我们能够将精力集中在主要的事情上。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。11.单选题In this poor country, survival is still the leading industry; all else is（ ）.问题1选项A.luxuryB.accommodationC.entertainmentD.refreshment【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项luxury“奢侈品，享受”；B选项accommodation“住处，膳宿，调节”；C选项entertainment“娱乐，消遣，

32、款待”；D选项refreshment“点心，起提神作用的东西，精力恢复”。句意：在这个贫穷的国家里，生存是最大的事，其他的一切都是奢侈的事情。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。12.单选题We have a crisis on our hands. You mean global warming? The world economy? No, the decline of reading. People are just not doing it anymore, especially the young. Whos responsible? Actually, its more like

33、, What is responsible? The Internet, of course, and everything that comes with itFacebook, Twitter (微博). You can write your own list.Theres been a warning about the imminent death of literate civilization for a long time. In the 20th century, first it was the movies, then radio, then television that

34、 seemed to spell doom for the written world. None did. Reading survived; in fact it not only survived, it has flourished. The world is more literate than ever beforethere are more and more readers, and more and more books.The fact that we often get our reading material online today is not something

35、we should worry over. The electronic and digital revolution of the last two decades has arguably shown the way forward for reading and for writing. Take the arrival of e-book readers as an example. Devices like Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the

36、traditional paper book.As technology makes new ways of writing possible, new ways of reading are possible. Interconnectivity allows for the possibility of a reading experience that was barely imaginable before. Where traditional books had to make do with photographs and illustrations, an e-book can

37、provide readers with an unlimited number of links: to texts, pictures, and videos, in the future, the way people write novels, history, and philosophy will resemble nothing seen in the past.On the other hand, there is the danger of trivialization. One Twitter group is offering its followers single-s

38、entence-long “digests” of the great novels. War and Peace in a sentence? You must be joking. We should fear the fragmentation of reading. There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention spanthat we will be incapable of reading anything of length or whic

39、h requires deep concentration.In such a fast-changing world, in which reality seems to be remade each day, we need the ability to focus and understand what is happening to us. This has always been the function of literature and we should be careful not to let it disappear. Our society needs to be ab

40、le to imagine the possibility of someone utterly in tune with modem technology but able to make sense of a dynamic, confusing world.In the 15th century, Johannes Guttenbergs invention of the printing press in Europe had a huge impact on civilization. Once upon a time the physical book was a challeng

41、ing thing. We should remember this before we assume that technology is out to destroy traditional culture.1. Which of the following paragraphs briefly reviews the historical challenges for reading?2.The following are all cited as advantages of e-books EXCEPT（ ）.3. Which of the following can be best

42、to describe how the author feels toward single-sentence-long novels?4. According to the passage,people need knowledge of modern technology and（ ）to survive in the fast-changing society.5. What is the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.Paragraph OneB.Paragraph TwoC.Paragraph ThreeD.Paragraph Four问题2选项A.

43、multimodal contentB.environmental friendlinessC.convenience for readersD.imaginative design问题3选项A.IronicB.WorriedC.SarcasticD.Doubtful问题4选项A.good judgmentB.high sensitivityC.good imaginationD.the ability to focus问题5选项A.Technology pushes the way forward for reading and writingB.Interconnectivity is a

44、 feature of new reading experienceC.Technology is an opportunity and a challenge for traditional readingD.Technology offers a greater variety of reading practice【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.段落大意题。题干：哪一个段落简要回顾了阅读的历史挑战？根据题干关键词historical challenges for reading定位至第二段第1-2句Theres been a warning abou

45、t the imminent death of literate civilization for a long time. In the 20th century, first it was the movies, then radio, then television that seemed to spell doom for the written world.（很长一段时间以来，一直有关于文化文明即将灭亡的警告。在20世纪，首先是电影，然后是广播，然后是电视，似乎预示着文字世界的毁灭。），第一句话表明本段将会回顾阅读在以前的历史时期经历过的挑战，第二句话就说明了曾经有来自于哪几方面的挑

46、战，所以B选项“第二段”，是本题的正确答案；文章第一段讲的是当今阅读面临衰退的危机及原因；第三段讲我们其实无需对现代科技发展过虑；第四段的中心是现代科技带给阅读的好处，所以都应排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。2.事实细节题。题干：以下都被认为是电子书的优点，除了_。由题干定位到文章第三段最后一句话Devices like Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the traditional paper book.（像Kindle这样的阅读设备比传统的纸质书

47、更方便，也更环保），所以B选项“环境友好”和C选项“方便读者”，符合题意；第四段第三句指出an e-book can provide readers with an unlimited number of links : to texts, pictures, and videos（电子书可以为读者提供无限数量的链接:文本、图片和视频），可见电子图书的内容丰富形式多样，A选项“多模式的内容”是对该句中提及优势的概括，所以A选项也符合题意；第四段的第二句话Interconnectivity allows for the possibility of a reading experience th

48、at was barely imaginable before.（互联性使阅读经验成为可能，这是以前几乎无法想象的。），是说阅读经历是从前无法想象的，而不是电子图书的设计具有想象力，故D选项“富有想象力的设计”，属于曲解文章意思。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。3.推理判断题。题干：以下哪个选项能最好地描述作者对单句小说的感觉？由题干的关键词“single-sentence-long”定位至第五段。该段首句作者就指出there is the danger of trivialization（有一个风险是阅读的浅薄化），并在该段最后一句中指出There is the danger that t

49、he high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention spanthat we will be incapable of reading anything of length or which requires deep concentration.（目前存在的危险是：互联网的高速连接会减少我们注意力的持续时间，结果是我们不能够阅读长篇论著，或是阅读需要高度集中注意力的书籍。），这些均表明了作者的担心，故B选项“担心的”，符合题意；A选项“讽刺的”，C选项“挖苦的”和D选项“怀疑的”，根据文义，作者并无讽刺，怀疑

50、的意思，排除A、C、D选项。综上所述，本题正确答案是B选项。4.事实细节题。题干：根据文章，人们需要现代技术和_的知识来在快速变化的社会中生存。根据题干定位到文章第六段最后一句话Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility of someone utterly in tune with modem technology but able to make sense of a dynamic, confusing world.（我们的社会需要能够想象出这样一种可能性：一个人与现代技术完全合拍，但又能够理解一个动态的、令人困惑的世界

51、。），可知knowledge of modern technology对应in tune with modern technology，而 make sense of a dynamic，confusing world则对应A选项“良好的判断力”，故A选项为答案。B选项“高度敏感性”，C选项“丰富的想象力”和D选项“集中注意力的能力”与原句中make sense of的意思相距甚远，故排除。综上所述，本题正确答案是A选项。5.主旨大意题。题干：文章的主题思想是？本文开篇提到了互联网的出现对阅读造成的影响。之后回顾了过去科技的发展曾经对阅读构成的威胁，接着讲到阅读的新趋势和方式。第五段说明科技的

52、发展对阅读所造成的具体影响。第六段提到现实世界中需要什么样的人既适应现代技术的发展,又理解现在的变化。末段提到阅读本身也曾经是个挑战，引发人们思考如何应对现代科技对阅读构成的威胁。虽然文章没有明确提出中心思想，首段还提到互联网造成了阅读人数的下降，但随后各部分内容并没有对科技发展做出否定，而是为人们指明了正确的方向和途径，尤其末段说明了事物的两面性，C选项“技术对于传统阅读来说既是机遇，也是挑战”，很好地概括了文章的主旨大意，故为正确答案。由第三段第二句The electronic and digital revolution of the last two decades has argua

53、bly shown the way forward for reading and for writing.（过去二十年的电子和数字革命可以说为阅读和写作指明了前进的道路。），可知A选项“科技推动了阅读和写作的发展”是该段内容，而非全文中心意思，故排除；B选项“互联性是新阅读体验的特征”是对第四段第二句的解释，属于细节内容，故排除；D选项“科技提供了更多种类的阅读实践”是对第四段第三句的概括，与主旨无关，故排除。综上所述，本题正确答案是C选项。13.单选题Until then, his family（ ）from him for six years.问题1选项A.didnt hearB.has

54、nt been hearingC.hadnt heardD.hasnt heard【答案】C【解析】考查时态。题干中有关键的时间状语until then以及for six months提示谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成，因此谓语要用过去完成时，表示过去已经发生的事情。句意：直到那时，他家里已经六个月没收到他的来信了。A选项 didn hear,一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态,不能与时间状语for six months，A选项排除，连用.B)hasn t been hearing,现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作,与题意不符。C选项hasn t h

55、eard，现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻，不能表示现在时间。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。由选项意思，固定搭配和句意可知，C选项符合句意。14.单选题A drunk man walked in,（ ）both in appearance and odor.问题1选项A.repulsiveB.reluctantC.reproachfulD.reputed【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项repulsive“排斥的，令人厌恶的”；B选项reluctant“不情愿的，勉强的”；C选项reproachful“责备的，申斥的”；D选项re

56、puted“驰名的，普遍认为的，名誉好的”。句意：一个醉汉进来了，他的出现以及身上的味道都让人觉得厌恶。根据选项和句意可知，A选项符合题意。15.单选题The mechanic jacked up the car and then（ ）to change the tire.问题1选项A.advancedB.wentC.movedD.proceeded【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项advanced“提出，前进”；B选项went“达到，运转”；C选项moved“移动，搬动”；D选项proceeded“继续，进行”。句意：机械工用千斤顶把汽车顶起来，然后开始换轮胎。由选项意思和句意可知，D选

57、项符合句意。16.单选题Rumours are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situations into（ ）ones.问题1选项A.turbulentB.tragicC.vulnerableD.suspicious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项turbulent“动荡的”；B选项tragic“悲剧的，悲痛的”；C选项vulnerable“易受攻击的”；D选项suspicious“可疑的，怀疑的”。句意：谣言无处不在，它散布恐怖情绪，损害声誉，把稳定的局面搅得混乱不堪。所选形容

58、词应与句中calm相对应，所以本题A选项符合句意。17.单选题He（ ）spends his holidays in the mountains though occasionally he goes to the seaside instead.问题1选项A.usuallyB.constantlyC.invariablyD.always【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项usually“通常，经常”，表示频率高，允许有例外；B选项constantly“不断地；时常地”，表示一个动作不断发生，一成不变；C选项invariably “总是，不变地，一如既往的”，表示一成不变的持续动作；D选项a

59、lways“总是，常常”，频度为100%，表示动作重复、状态继续、中间没有间断。句意：他通常在山里度假，但偶尔去海边。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。18.单选题Many countries have adopted systems of（ ）education in order to promote the average level of education.问题1选项A.constrainedB.compulsoryC.cardinalD.conventional【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项constrained“强迫的，过于受约束的”，例如：a constrained

60、 confession（逼供、被迫招供），constrained emotions（受压抑的感情）；B选项compulsory“义务的，必修的”，例如：compulsory measures（强迫手段），compulsory service system（义务兵役制）；C选项cardinal“主要的，基本的”，例句：Respect for life is a cardinal principle of English law.（尊重生命是英国法律最重要的原则）；D选项conventional“传统的，惯例的”，例句：The chairman made a few conventional re