2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号34

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题Heavy fog had created an optical（ ）that made the opposite shore seem closer than it was.问题1选项A.featureB.propertyC.illusionD.phenomenon【答案】C【解析】feature特征；property性能，财产；illusion幻觉，错觉；phenomenon现象。 根据句意可知，这里指大雾让人们产生了视觉

2、上的幻觉。选项C符合语境。2.单选题Many companies allow you to try equipment and will _ equipment to you in your own home.问题1选项A.proclaimB.demonstrateC.recommendD.package【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项proclaim“宣告；成为标志”；B选项demonstrate“证实；表现，显露”；C选项recommend“举荐；建议”；D选项package“将包装好；包装成”。句意：许多公司允许您试用设备，并将设备_送到您自己家中。横线处和equipment“设备

3、”形成动宾关系，D选项package“将包装好”可以进行搭配，符合题意。因此D选项正确。3.单选题In the popular Western imagination, India continues to be a country in backwardness and poverty with very little to show _ scientific innovation or technological achievement.问题1选项A.for want ofB.in gratitude toC.in contact withD.by way of【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨

4、析。A选项for want of“因缺乏”；B选项in gratitude to“对感激”；C选项in contact with“接触，联系”；D选项by way of“通过，经由”。句意：在西方人的普遍想象中，印度仍然是一个落后和贫穷的国家，没有什么可展示的，_科技创新或技术成就。西方人认为印度因为在科技上没有什么创新和成就，所以没什么可拿出来看的，横线处和with very little to show属于因果关系，A选项for want of“因缺乏”符合题意。因此A选项正确。4.单选题One of the reasons for his popularity in our villag

5、e is that he（ ）almost everyone every time when he comes back from the big city.问题1选项A.asks afterB.runs forC.brings upD.takes after【答案】A【解析】ask after探问, 问候；run for竞选；bring up提出；take after与相像。句意：他在我们村里受欢迎的原因之一是, 他几乎每次从大城市回来都会问候所有人。选项A符合语境。5.单选题Why are mobiles so popular? Because people love to talk to

6、 each other. And it is easier with a mobile phone. In countries like Russia and China, people use tile mobile phone in places where there is no ordinary telephone. Business people, use mobiles when theyre traveling. In some countries, like Japan, many people use their mobile phones to send e-mail me

7、ssage and access the Internet. They use a new kind of mobile phone called “i-mode”. You can even use a mobile phone to listen to music.Mobile phones are very fashionable with teenagers. Parents buy mobile phones for their children. They can call borne home if they are in trouble and need help. So th

8、ey feel safer. But teenagers mostly use them to keep in touch with their friends or play simple computer games. Its cool to be the owner of a small expensive mobile. Research shows that teenage owners of mobile phones smoke less. Parents and schools are happy that teenagers are safer and smoke less.

9、But many people dislike them. They hate it when the businessman opposite them on the train has a loud conversation on his phone. Or when the mobile phone rings in a cafe or restaurant. But there is a much more serious problem. Its possible that the mobile phone can heat up the brain because we hold

10、the phone so close to our head. Scientists fear that mobiles can perhaps be bad for your memory and even give you cancer.1. Mobiles are popular among people because _.2. It is stated in the passage that in Russia and China _.3. Parents buy mobile phones for their children because _.4. Why can mobile

11、 phones be a much more serious problem?5. Which of the following can be the titletile of this passage?问题1选项A.they think mobiles are funB.they believe mobiles are safeC.they love to listen to musicD.they feel it easier to talk to each other问题2选项A.ordinary telephone service is available everywhereB.pe

12、ople prefer mobile phones to ordinary telephonesC.mobiles are used in places without ordinary telephonesD.people use mobiles to send e-mails and access the internet问题3选项A.mobile phones are very fashionable with teenagersB.they can call home if they are in trouble and need helpC.they can use mobiles

13、to play simple computer gamesD.mobile phones enable teenagers to give up smoking问题4选项A.Because people hate the businessmen using mobiles in public places.B.Because people feel their privacy unprotected in a cafe or restaurant.C.Because there is strong evidence for the problems of mobiles.D.Because t

14、he use of mobile phones can be physically harmful.问题5选项A.Why Are Mobiles So Popular?B.Mobiles-Useful or Useless?C.Mobiles-A Danger to Health?D.Why Do We Design Mobiles?【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。由题干可定位到文章第一段开头Why are mobiles so popular? Because people love to talk to each other. And it

15、 is easier with a mobile phone.（为什么手机如此受欢迎？因为人们喜欢互相交谈。而且用手机就容易多了。），由此可知手机受欢迎的原因是手机会让人们的交谈变得更容易，所以D选项“人们觉得交谈变得更容易”正确。A选项“人们认为手机很有趣”文章并未提及，属于无中生有；B选项“人们相信手机是安全的”，干扰源“safe”对应原文第二段开头，但此处讲的是父母给孩子买手机的原因，而不是手机受欢迎的原因，属于张冠李戴；C选项“人们喜欢听音乐”对应原文第一段段尾“You can even use a mobile phone to listen to music.”，但此处与题干问题无

16、关，不是手机受欢迎的原因，属于出处错位。因此D选项正确。2.事实细节题。由题干可定位到文章第一段第四句In countries like Russia and China, people use mobile phones in places where there is no ordinary telephone.（在俄罗斯和中国这样的国家，人们在没有普通电话的地方使用手机。），所以C选项“手机是在没有普通电话的地方使用的”正确。A选项“一般的电话服务在任何地方都可以使用”和B选项“比起普通电话，人们更喜欢移动电话”文章都没有提到，属于无中生有；D选项“人们用手机发电子邮件和上网”对应文章第

17、一段第六句In some countries, like Japan, many people use their mobile phones to send e-mail messages and access the Internet.（在一些国家，比如日本，很多人用手机发送电子邮件和上网。），但此处讲的是手机在日本的使用情况，而不是俄罗斯和中国，属于张冠李戴。因此C选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段开头Parents buy mobile phones for their children. They can call home if they are in troub

18、le and need help.（父母为他们的孩子买手机。如果他们遇到麻烦或需要帮助，他们可以打电话回家。），所以B选项“如果他们遇到麻烦或需要帮助，他们可以打电话回家”正确。A选项“手机在青少年中很流行”对应第二段的第一句，但是正是因为越来越多的父母给孩子购买手机才使得手机在青少年中很流行，并不是因为手机流行父母才给孩子买手机，父母的出发点是为了孩子们的安全考虑，此处属于偷换概念；C选项“他们可以用手机玩简单的电脑游戏”对应文章第二段第五句But teenagers mostly use them to keep in touch with their friends or play si

19、mple computer games.（但青少年大多使用手机与朋友保持联系或玩简单的电脑游戏。），但此处与题干无关，不是父母给孩子购买手机的原因，属于出处错位；D选项“手机使青少年能够戒烟”对应第二段倒数第二句Research shows that teenage owners of mobile phones smoke less.（研究表明，拥有手机的青少年吸烟更少。），但此句讲的是拥有手机的青少年吸烟更少，并不是说手机能够使青少年戒烟，属于曲解原文。因此B选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段But there is a much more serious proble

20、m. Its possible that mobile phone can heat up the brain because we hold the phone so close to our head. Scientists fear that mobiles can perhaps be bad for your memory and even give you cancer.（但还有一个更严重的问题。手机可能会让大脑发热，因为我们把手机拿得离头部太近了。科学家们担心，手机可能会损害你的记忆力，甚至会导致癌症。），由此可推断出更严重的问题是手机会影响人们的健康，所以D选项“因为使用移动电

21、话可能对身体有害”正确。A选项“因为人们讨厌商人在公共场所使用手机”和B选项“因为人们觉得在咖啡馆或餐馆里没有隐私保护”对应文章最后一段的第一、二句“但是很多人不喜欢它们。他们讨厌在火车上对面的商人大声打电话，或者在咖啡馆或餐馆里手机响。”，但此处讲的是人们不喜欢手机的原因，并不是手机成为一个更严重问题的原因，所以A选项属于张冠李戴；并且这里也没有提到任何隐私问题，所以B选项属于无中生有；C选项“因为有强有力的证据证明手机的问题”文章没有提到，属于无中生有。因此D选项正确。5.主旨大意题。文章开头就提到了“Why are mobiles so popular?（为什么手机如此受欢迎?）”，由此

22、可知文章接下来都是在谈手机受欢迎的原因，所以A选项“为什么手机如此受欢迎”正确。B选项“手机有用还是没用”，文章主要探讨的是手机受欢迎的原因，并不是手机的用处，属于无中生有；C选项“手机危害健康”，文章只在最后一段提到使用手机会对身体造成危害，并不能用来概括整篇文章，属于以偏概全；D选项“为什么要设计手机”文章并没有对设计手机的原因进行阐述，属于无中生有。因此A选项正确。6.翻译题长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就像到了巴黎没去看菲尔铁塔 (Eiffel Tower)，或者就像到了埃及没去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城

23、墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连接成长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关大部分都是在明代修建的。【答案】The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, its just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramid

24、s! Men often say, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.” In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the “Great Wall” until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to

25、 Jiayuguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.7.翻译题 The educated man is presumed to know what is wrong in the world, and what should be done to rectify it. If his education has amounted to anything, it should have increased his ability to think clearly and scientifically, and

26、 thus to know how to get at the cause and effect of political, social, economic industrial evils. No man has right to consider education as merely a personal benefit enabling him to be more prosperous and happy in the world. He must look upon it as imposing upon him a responsibility to increase the

27、welfare of others. Too many regard it as their own possession, and do not realize that it is something to be shared with others, and to be used for good of society at large.【答案】受过教育的人被认定能辨别是非, 并能正确改正。如果他受的教育已经达到了一定程度, 便能提高其进行清晰和科学思维的能力, 从而了解政治、社会、经济工业犯罪所产生的原因和所造成的影响。没有任何人有资格只把教师当作自己的个人利益, 利用教育使自 己在这

28、世界上变得更加富有和幸福。他必须把它看作为强加于他身上的以増加他人福利的职责。太多人把教育作为自己独有的财富, 从未认识到应该与他人一起分享, 将其最大限 度地用在社会公益事业上。8.单选题If a decision is taken with majority voting, each member state can, in special cases,（ ）its particular national interests.问题1选项A.triggerB.assertC.fosterD.salute【答案】B【解析】trigger触发, 引起；assert维护, 主张；foster培养；

29、salute致敬, 行礼。句意：如果一个决策以多数票通过, 那么在特殊情况下, 每一个成员国都可以维护其各自的国家利益。选项B符合句意。9.单选题Dr. Elizabeth Hurdon distinguished herself as a surgeon at a time in which medical profession was （ ）male.问题1选项A.onlyB.occasionallyC.predominantlyD.regrettably【答案】C【解析】句意：在医学界以男性为主导的时代, Elizabeth Hurdon博士作为一名外科医生而闻名。predominant

30、ly主要地, 占主导地位地, 选项C符合句意。10.单选题He had read a patent liver-circular, in which were detailed the various（ ）by which a man could tell his liver was out of order.问题1选项A.signalsB.systemC.symptomsD.symbols【答案】C【解析】句意：他读过一个专门的肝脏循环图, 里面详细地描述了各种症状, 人们通过这些症状可以知道他的肝脏是否出了问题。选项C符合句意。11.单选题Back in 1992, Thomas Edis

31、on predicted that “the motion picture is destined to revolutionize our educational system and . in a few years it will supplant largely, if not entirely, the use of textbooks.” Well, we all make mistakes. But at least Edison did not squander vast quantities of public money on installing cinema scree

32、ns in schools around the country.With computers, the story has been different. Many governments have packed them into schools, convinced that their presence would improve the pace and efficiency of learning. Large numbers of studies, some more academically respectable than others, have purported to

33、show that computers help children to learn. Now, however, a study that compares class with computers against similar classes without them casts doubt on that view.In the current Economic Journal, Joshua Angrist of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Victor Lavy of the Hebrew University of

34、Jerusalem look at a scheme which put computers into many of Israels primary and middle schools in the mid-1990s. Dr Angrist and Dr Lavy compare the test scores for math and Hebrew achieved by children in the fourth and eighth grades (ie, aged about nine and 13) in schools with and without computers.

35、 They also asked the classes teachers how they used various teaching materials, such as Xeroxed worksheets and, of course, computer programs. The researchers found that the Israeli scheme had much less effect on teaching methods in middle schools than in elementary schools. It also found no evidence

36、 that the use of computers improved childrens test scores. In fact, it found the reverse. In the case of the math scores of fourth-graders, there was a consistently negative relationship between computer use and test scores.The authors offer three possible explanations of why this might be. First, t

37、he introduction of computers into classrooms might have gobbled up cash that would otherwise have paid for other aspects of education. But that is unlikely in this case since the money for the programmer came from the national lottery, and the study found no significant change in teaching resources,

38、 methods or training in schools that acquired computers through the scheme.A second possibility is that the transition to using computers in instruction takes time to have an effect. Maybe, say the author, but the schools surveyed had been using the schemes computers for a full school year. That was

39、 enough for the new computers to have had a large (and apparently malign) influence on fourth-grade math scores. The third explanation is the simplest: that the use of computers in teaching is no better (and perhaps worse) than other teaching methods.The bottom line, says Dr Angrist, is that “the co

40、sts are clear-cut and the benefits are murky”. The burden of proof now lies with the promoters of classroom computers. And the only reliable way to make their case is ,surely, to conduct a proper study, with children randomly allocated to teachers who use computers and teachers who use other methods

41、, including the cheapest of all: chalk and talk.1.We can learn from the first paragraph that（ ）.2.Dr. Angrist and Dr. Lavy have done the following except（ ）.3.According to Dr. Angrist and Dr. Lavy, in the Israeli scheme, students didnt make improvement in their test scores because（ ）.4.It can be inf

42、erred from the last paragraph that（ ）.5.The authors attitude towards governments packing computers in schools seems to be（ ）.问题1选项A.motion picture has revolutionized education systemB.Edisons prediction has been proved wrongC.Edison encouraged schools to install cinema screensD.Schools are cautious

43、about Edisons idea问题2选项A.comparing the test scores of students in different age groups.B.interviewing teachers about their teaching methods.C.launching the computer program in many Israeli schools.D.explaining students school performance.问题3选项A.other aspects of education were affected due to cash sh

44、ortageB.it was not long enough for the program to take effectC.there was a negative relationship between computer use and test scoresD.the use of computer was no better than other teaching methods问题4选项A.there hasnt been a proper study on this issue yetB.school authorities should provide proof to sup

45、port the computer programC.installing computers in schools costs too much, but has little or no effectD.chalk and talk work better than computer in teaching问题5选项A.biasedB.indifferentC.disapprovingD.puzzling【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者提到爱迪生的预言，随后指出“we all make mistakes.”说明爱迪

46、生的这个预言是错误的，所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据原文第二段的内容可知，发动计算机项目是国家政府做的，两位研究人员只是负责该项目的研究，所以选项C不正确。3.细节事实题。由原文可知，作者提出了三种可能性，最后一种的可能性最大。根据倒数第二段最后一句“The third explanation is the simplest: that the use of computers in teaching is no better (and perhaps worse) than other teaching methods.”第三种解释是最简单的：在教学中使用计算机并不比其他教学方法更好(

47、也许更糟)。选项D符合原文。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“And the only reliable way to make their case is ,surely, to conduct a proper study,.”要证明他们的观点，唯一可靠的方法当然是进行适当的研究。由此可推断吗，目前关于这个问题还没有一个恰当的研究，选项A符合原文。5.观点态度题。根据原文第一段的内容可知，作者提到虽然爱迪生的预言是错误的，但至少爱迪生没有浪费大量的公共资金在全国各地的学校里安装电影屏幕。随即在下文提到有的国家却这样做了，以及这样做并没有带来好的反响。说明作者对政府在学校里包装电脑的态度是否定的

48、，选项C正确。12.单选题Whatever the causes, the English by the end of the year 2050 will have been more widely spoken and written than any other language _.问题1选项A.ever wasB.had ever beenC.would ever beD.has ever been【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意：不管原因是什么，到2050年年底，英语的使用和书写将比现在任何其他语言都要广泛。will have been是将来完成时，此句表示英语在未来会比到目前为止

49、在用的任何一门语言都应用广泛，形容其他语言的动词应该用现在完成时，D选项has ever been符合题意。A选项ever was是一般过去时，B选项had ever been是过去完成时，C选项would ever be是过去将来时，不符合语境。因此D选项正确。13.单选题Opponents of affirmative action say the battle over the use of race in college admissions is hardly over, despite the Supreme Courts ruling Monday upholding the g

50、oal of a diverse student body. Higher education leaders overwhelmingly hailed the decision, saying it reaffirmed policies used by must selective colleges and universities. But some critics raised the possibility of more lawsuits, and promised to continue pressuring the Department of Educations Offic

51、e of Civil Rights to investigate questionable policies. “Were talking about admissions programs, scholarships, any program.only for minorities or in which the standards used to judge admissions are substantially different.” says Linda Chavez, founder and president of the Center for Equal Opportunity

52、, a conservative non-profit group.Others say theyll take their case to voters. “We have to seriously contest all this at the ballot box.” says University of California regent Ward Connerly, who helped win voter approval of Californias Proposition 209, which prohibits considering race or gender in pu

53、blic education, hiring and contracting. Because of that law, Mondays ruling had no practical impact in the state. “It may be time for us to.let the (Michigan) voters decide if they want to use race as a factor in admissions.” Connerly said.Meanwhile, U.S. Education Secretary Rod Paige, consistent wi

54、th President Bushs stance opposing affirmative action, said the Department of Education will “continue examining and highlighting effective race-neutral approaches to ensure broad access to and diversity within our public institutions”. Even Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor, in one of the op

55、inions, recommended that states look for lessons in race-neutral programs being tried in California and elsewhere. While the ruling said admissions officials may consider race in the selection process, colleges and universities are not obligated to do so. “Ultimately in the debate, diversity is a ch

56、oice, not a legal mandate.” says Arthur Coleman, a former Department of Education official who now helps colleges and universities ensure constitutional policies.The public, too, remains conflicted, largely along racial lines. According to a January poll by the nonprofit research organization Public

57、 Agenda, 79% of Americans said it is important for colleges to have a racially diverse student body, while just 54% said affirmative action programs should continue. In a Gallup poll conducted days before the ruling, 49% of adults said they favor affirmative action and 43% did not, with blacks and H

58、ispanics far more likely to favor the practice than whites. And some educators doubt that with Mondays ruling, those opposing affirmative action will change their minds.For now, admissions officials and university lawyers are poring over the ruling to determine how or whether to adjust policies. Whi

59、le most tend to be closed-mouthed about admissions policies, many say they dont expect significant changes.1. What the critics said in the first paragraph amounts to the idea that _.问题1选项A.no admission policies based on race should be implementedB.minority applicants should be given favorable consid

60、erationsC.different standards for admitting minority students should be set upD.selective colleges and universities should be punished for their discriminatory policies【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。找句内线索根据题干定位到第一段最后一句Were talking about admissions programs, scholarships, any programonly for minorities or in which t