2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号78

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题（ ）as only a second-rate Impressionist painter, Pisarro has recently received high praise from art critics.问题1选项A.He was long regardedB.Long was he regardedC.Long regardedD.Being long regarded【答案】C【解析】考查分词做状语。再由这里事情的发

2、生有先后顺序知使用一般 过去式的C项正确；D项的被动式现在分词表原因，所以不正确。句意：长期以来，Pisarro一直被认为是二流印象派画家，最近他受到了艺术评论家的高度赞扬。2.单选题They are going to have the serviceman （ ）an electric fan in the office tomorrow.问题1选项A.installB.to installC.to be installedD.installed【答案】A【解析】根据have sb. do sth.可知，这里应该用动词原形，所以选项A正确。3.单选题Humans are forever fo

3、rgetting that they cant control nature. Exactly 20 years ago, a Time magazine cover story announced that “scientists are on the verge of being able to predict the time, place and even the size of earthquakes”. The people of quake-ruined Kobe (神户) learned last week how wrong that assertion was.None o

4、f the methods praised two decades ago have succeeded. Even now, scientists have yet to discover a uniform warning signal that precedes all quakes, let alone any sign that would tell whether the coming quake is mild or a killer. Earthquake formation can be triggered by many factors, says Hiroo Kanamo

5、ri, a seismologist at the California Institute of Technology. So finding one all-purpose warning sigh is impossible. One reason: quakes start deep in the earth, so scientists cant study them directly.If a quake precursor were found, it would still be impossible to warn humans in advance of all dange

6、rous quakes. Places like Japan and California are filled with hundreds, if not thousands, of minor faults. It is impossible to place monitoring instruments on all of them. And these inconspicuous sites can be just as deadly as their better-known cousins like the San Andreas (圣安得列斯断层).Both the Kobe a

7、nd the 1994 Northridge quakes occurred on small faults.Prediction would be less important if scientists could easily build structures to withstand tremors. While seismic engineering has improved dramatically in the past 10 to 15 years, every new quake reveals unexpected weaknesses in “quake-resistan

8、t” structures, says Terry Tullis, a geophysicist at Brown University. In Kobe, for example, a highway that opened only last year was damaged.In the Northridge earthquake, on the other hand, well-built structures generally did not collapse. But engineers have since found hidden problems in 120 steel-

9、frame buildings that survived. Such structures are supposed to sway with the earth rather than crumple. They may have swayed but the quake also unexpectedly weakened the joints in their steel skeletons. If the shaking had been longer or stronger, the buildings might have collapsed.A recent report in

10、 Science adds yet more anxiety about life on the fault lines. Researchers can computer simulations to see how quake-resistant buildings would fare in a moderate-size tremor, taking into account that much of a quakes energy travels in a large “pulse” of focused shaking. The results: both steel-frame

11、buildings and buildings that sit on insulating rubber pads suffered severe damage.More research will help experts design stronger structures and possibly find quake precursors. But it is still a certainty that the next earth will prove once again that every fault cannot be monitored and every highwa

12、y cannot be completely quake-proofed.1.Which of the following statements is true about Kobe?2.The authors focus in Para. 3 is on （ ）.3.Its impossible to avoid damages in earthquakes because（ ）.4.It is implied in the passage that（ ）.5.The best title for this passage could be（ ）.问题1选项A.Last weeks quak

13、e occurred on small faults.B.People there believe in scientists ability to predict earthquakes.C.Buildings there swayed with the quake rather than crumpledD.It can be expected that every fault can be monitored as a result of more research.问题2选项A.the need for more researchB.the impossibility to predi

14、ct earthquakesC.the designing of stronger structures and the finding of quake precursorsD.the impossibility of building completely quake-proofed structures问题3选项A.scientists cant study quakes that occur deep in the earth directlyB.its hard to build perfect “quake-resistant” structuresC.instruments ca

15、nnot be placed on all of the minor faultsD.all of the above问题4选项A.well-erected structures do not collapseB.steel-frame buildings survive any earthquakeC.building in Northridge will probably collapse in a stronger earthquakeD.seismic engineering has improved enough for structures to resist quakes问题5选

16、项A.Nature Is beyond Human ControlB.Earthquakes; can We Bring Them under Control?C.New Methods and Stronger Structures to Predict and Withhold QuakesD.Cant We Predict Earthquakes?【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句“Both the Kobe and the 1994 Northridge quakes occurred on small faults.”

17、可知选项A正确；根据第一段的内容可知选项B错误；根据第三段的内容可知，选项C描述的是北岭地震而不是神户地震，不符合题意；根据原文最后一句“every fault cannot be monitored and every highway cannot be completely quake-proofed.”可知选项D错误。所以只有选项A表述正确。2.事实细节题。根据第三段的首句“If a quake precursor were found, it would still be impossible to warn humans in advance of all dangerous qua

18、kes.”如果能够发现地震的前兆，仍然不可能在所有危险的地震发生前警告人类。也就是说，预测地震是不可能的，选项B符合原文。3.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句“quakes start deep in the earth, so scientists cant study them directly.”可 知选项A正确；根据第四段第一句“Prediction would be less important if scientists could easily build structures to withstand tremors.” 如果科学家能够轻而易举地建造出抵御地震的建筑物，那么预测就

19、不那么重要了。由此可知选项 B 正确；根据第三段“It is impossible to place monitoring instruments on all of them.”可知选项C正确。所以本题选项D。4.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，选项A和B表述太绝对；选项D没有提及。根据本段最后一句“If the shaking had been longer or stronger, the buildings might have collapsed.”如果地震时间更长或强度更大，建筑物可能已经倒塌了。也就是说，北岭的建筑可能会在更强的地震中倒塌。选项C符合原文。5.主旨大意题。结

20、合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲地震的不可预测性，这是一个事实，选项B和D带有疑问语气，所以不恰当。选项C不是本文的重点，所以选项A比选项C更能概括全文。4.单选题Electrical energy may be separated into two （ ）components as positive and negative.问题1选项A.specializedB.toldC.specifiedD.said【答案】C【解析】specialize使专门化；使适应特殊情况；specify指定，详细说明，列举。句意：电能可分为正负两种指定的部分。选项C符合句意。5.单选题No matter what

21、high positions one may hold, he or she should guard against （ ）.问题1选项A.arroganceB.artifactC.archivesD.ascertains【答案】A【解析】arrogance 傲慢，自大；artifact 人工制品，手工艺品；archives 档案；ascertain 查明，探究。句意：不管一个人在多高的位置，他或她都不应该傲慢自大。选项A符合句意。6.单选题By todays standards, early farmers were imprudent because they planted the c

22、rop repeatedly, exhausting the soil after a few harvests.问题1选项A.unwiseB.stubbornC.tiresomeD.unscientific【答案】A【解析】句意：按照今天的标准，早期的农民是轻率的，因为他们反复种植作物，几次收获后就把土壤耗尽了。imprudent意为“轻率的，鲁莽的”。unwise不明智的，轻率的；stubborn顽固的；tiresome无聊的，令人讨厌的；unscientific不科学的。选项A与之意思相近。7.单选题Diamonds have little （ ）value and their pric

23、e depends almost entirely on their scarcity.问题1选项A.extinctB.permanentC.surplusD.intrinsic【答案】D【解析】extinct灭绝的，绝种的；permanent永久的，不变的；surplus剩余的，过剩的；intrinsic本质的，固有的。 句意：钻石本身没有什么价值，它们的价格几乎完全取决于它们的稀缺性。选项D符合句意。8.单选题The severance of church and state is a basic principle of that government.问题1选项A.coalitionB

24、.separationC.successionD.interchangeability【答案】B【解析】severance意为分离，隔离。coalition联合，合并；separation分离，间隔；succession 连续，继位；interchangeability 可交换性。选项B与之意思相近。9.单选题He got after you to change your mind, didnt he?问题1选项A.wantedB.urgedC.persuadedD.forced【答案】B【解析】get after攻击，追击，催促。只有选项B有催促的意思，所以正确。10.单选题The lawy

25、er browbeat the witness into confessing he had seen the crime committed.问题1选项A.talkedB.forcedC.caressedD.intimidated【答案】D【解析】句意：律师恫吓证人承认他目睹了犯罪。browbeat意为恫吓，吓唬。只有选项D与之意思相近。11.单选题The right combination of bricks, mortar and plaster can be mixed to build a great city, but it is the citys people who add

26、that extra dimension which makes it vibrant, memorable, famous and much-visited. London is such a city, and a major exhibition about its people makes this point by pulling-together paintings, drawings, and prints by artists over the centuries to show Londoners from all walks of life and in all manne

27、r of settings. The capitals renowned old markets, most now gone, like Covent Garden and Billingsgate, captured the eye of painters because of the extraordinarily disparate range of characters mingling together. Processions and ceremonial events were popular subjects, although many artists were inspi

28、red by the individuals they saw: the street traders, laborers, merchants, craftsmen, society folk, servants, visiting foreigners, the very poor, the old, and the criminals. There is a book which accompanies the show and from which in Britain has chosen its illustrations. Londoners are published by T

29、hames and Hudson, 30-34 Bloomsbury Street, London WC1B3QP. Telephone 01-636 5488. It has 237 illustrations, 20 in color: 20 in hardback, 9.95 paperback. Available post-free direct from the publishers to addresses, overseas, or from bookshops in the UK.The exhibition continues until August 2 at the M

30、useum of London. Open Tuesday to Saturday, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Admission free.1.According to the advertisement, the element which adds the real color to a city is（ ）.2.The artists are more likely to be inspired by （ ）.3.From the advertisement, we are told that the book which goes with the exhibition（

31、）.4.Readers overseas can get a copy of the book（ ）.5.From the advertisement, we can infer that there would be free admission（ ）.问题1选项A.the city itselfB.its inhabitantsC.the buildingsD.the markets问题2选项A.popular subjectsB.processionsC.the individualsD.ceremonial events问题3选项A.is called LondonersB.is ca

32、lled BritainC.contains only 20 picturesD.contains less than 200 illustrations问题4选项A.for 9.95B.by paying 29.95C.only by ordering from bookshops in BritainD.by joining the Literary Guild问题5选项A.on MondaysB.on August 1stC.on SundaysD.before 10 a.m.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句“it is

33、the citys people who add that extra dimension which makes it vibrant, memorable, famous and much-visited.”正是这座城市的人民为这座城市增添了额外的维度，使它充满活力、令人难忘、闻名遐迩、游客众多。所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据第一段“many artists were inspired by the individuals they saw.” 许多艺术家的灵感来自于他们所看到的个人选项C正确。3.推理判断题。根据第一段的后半部分可知：在英国，有一本书中的插画被选来展览。这本书叫伦敦

34、人，由泰晤士和哈德逊出版。选项A正确，选项B，C，D均不符合原文。4.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“20 in hardback, 9.95 paperback. Available post-free direct from the publishers to addresses, overseas, or from bookshops in the UK.”精装本20英镑，平装本9.95英镑。可从出版商或者是英国书店直接免费邮寄到所需地址，甚至是海外。只有选项A正确。5.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，在伦敦博物馆的展览将持续到8月2日。星期二至星期六，上午十点至下午六点开放。免费入场。

35、由此可知选项B正确。12.单选题A metropolitan area consists of a central city and many suburban areas in its （ ）.问题1选项A.vicinityB.vesselC.upkeepD.verge【答案】A【解析】vicinity 邻近，附近；vessel 船，舰；upkeep 维持，保养；verge 边缘。句意：大都市区由一个中心城市和它附近的许多郊区组成。选项A符合句意。13.单选题They have always regarded a man of （ ）and fairness as a reliable fr

36、iend.问题1选项A.robustnessB.temperamentC.integrityD.compactness【答案】C【解析】robustness稳健性，健壮性；temperament气质，性情；integrity完整，正直；compactness简洁，紧密。句意：他们一直把正直、公正的人看作可靠的朋友。选项C符合语境。14.单选题The study of law, with its great number of cases, statutes, and contracts, can be a tedious process.问题1选项A.a curiousB.an overwhe

37、lmingC.a challengingD.a tiresome【答案】D【解析】句意：学习法律，由于它有大量的案例、法规和合同，可能是一个乏味的过程。tedious意为“沉闷的，冗长乏味的”。tiresome烦人的，无聊的，所以选项D与之意思相近。15.单选题By the time that dispute was resolved, relations between service and management had been poisoned.问题1选项A.disdainedB.retainedC.taintedD.stained【答案】C【解析】句意：在争端得到解决时，服务和管理之

38、间的关系已经被破坏。poisoned意为破坏，摧毁。disdained 鄙弃；retained保留，保存；tainted 污染的，感染的；stained 玷污的，着色的。选项C最符合原句语境，所以正确。16.单选题With each successive visit our knowledge of those regions increased.问题1选项A.successfulB.consecutiveC.fruitfulD.occasional【答案】B【解析】句意：我们对这些地区的了解每一次都在不断增加。successive意为连续的，接替的。successful成功的，一帆风顺的；c

39、onsecutive连贯的，连续不断的；fruitful 富有成效的，多产的；occasional 偶然的，临时的。选项B与之意思相近。17.单选题I must go now, and （ ）if you want that book Ill bring it next time.问题1选项A.SuccessivelyB.respectivelyC.incidentallyD.accidentally【答案】C【解析】successively 相继地，接连着地；respectively 分别地，各自地；incidentally 顺便，偶然地，附带地；accidentally 偶然地，意外地。句

40、意：我现在必须得走了，顺便说一句，如果你想要那本书，我下次会带来。选项C符合句意。18.单选题Under the （ ）of Professor Roberts, the 900 delegates assessed and discussed the social market economy.问题1选项A.custodianB.alienationC.tutelageD.help【答案】C【解析】custodian 管理人，监护人；alienation异化，疏远；tutelage 指导。句意：在Roberts教授的指导下，900名代表对社会市场经济进行了评估和讨论。选项C更符合语境。19.

41、单选题The article insinuated that the official was bribed.问题1选项A.denied positivelyB.stated flatlyC.argued convincinglyD.suggested indirectly【答案】D【解析】insinuate意为暗示。denied positively明确否认；stated flatly平平的陈述；argued convincingly 令人信服地论证；suggested indirectly迂回的表示。选项D与之意思相近。20.单选题The first settlers found so m

42、uch work to do that they had little time for nostalgia.问题1选项A.leisureB.nosebleedC.homesicknessD.hobbies【答案】C【解析】句意：第一批移民发现有这么多工作要做，他们没有时间思念家乡。nostalgia意为“怀旧，思乡”。homesickness乡愁。选项C与之意思相近。21.单选题Opportunities for rewarding work become fewer for both men and women as they grew older. After age 40, job h

43、unting becomes even more difficult. Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face possible rejection. Our youth-oriented, threw-away culture sees little value in older people. In writer Lillian Hellmans words, they have the wisdom that comes with age that we cant make use of.”Unemp

44、loyment and economic need for work is higher among older women, especially minorities, than among younger white women. A national council reports these findings. Though unemployed longer when seeking work, older women job-hunt harder, hold a job longer with less absenteeism, perform as well or bette

45、r, are more reliable, and are more willing go learn than men or younger women. Yet many older women earn poor pay and face a future of poverty in their retirement years. When sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer on the doorstep-it moves in, according to Tish Sommers, director of a special study

46、 on older women for the National Organization for Women. Yet a 1981 report on the White House Conference on Aging shows that as a group, older Americans are the wealthiest, best fed, best housed, healthiest, most self-reliant older population in our history. This statement is small comfort to those

47、living below the poverty line, but it does explode some of the old traditional beliefs and fears.Opportunities for moving in and up in a large company may shrink but many older people begin successful small businesses, volunteer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years. They have few

48、 role models because in previous generations the life span was much shorter and expectations of life were fewer. They are ploughing new ground.Employers are beginning to recognize that the mature person can bring a great of stability and responsibility to a position. One doesnt lose ability and expe

49、rience on the eve of ones 65th or 70th birthday any more than one grows up instantly at age 21.1.After the age of 40,（ ）.2.From Hellmans remark, we can see that （ ）.3.Tish Sommers argues that（ ）.4.According to the third paragraph, it can be seen that older Americans（ ）.5.It can be concluded from the

50、 passage that the writer（ ）.问题1选项A.most workers are tired of their present jobsB.many workers tend to stick to their present jobsC.people find their jobs more rewarding than beforeD.people still wish to hunt fox more suitable jobs问题2选项A.full use has been made of the wisdom of older peopleB.the wisdo

51、m of older people is not valued by American societyC.older people are no less intelligent than young peopleD.the wisdom of older people is of great value to American society问题3选项A.older women usually hard to escape povertyB.older women usually perform better in their jobsC.the major cause of the pov

52、erty of older women is sexismD.more people have come to believe in sexism and ageism问题4选项A.have more job opportunities than young peopleB.live below the poverty lineC.have new opportunities to remain active in societyD.no longer believe in the promise of a happy life upon retirement问题5选项A.calls atte

53、ntion to the living conditions of older AmericansB.believes that the value of older people is gaining increasing recognitionC.attempts to justify the youthoriented, throw-away culture of the United StatesD.argues people should not retire at the age of 65 or 70【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题

54、。根据第一段的二三句“After age 40, job hunting becomes even more difficult. Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face possible rejection.”40岁以后，找工作变得更加困难。许多人宁愿待在因为自己年纪太大而无法胜任的工作岗位上，也不愿面对可能的拒绝。选项B符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据关键词“Hellman”定位到第一段最后一句，用作家Lillian Hellman的话来说，他们拥有“我们无法利用的随着年龄增长而来的智慧”。再根据选项来推

55、断，选项A中的“full use”明显错误；选项B“年长者的智慧没有被美国社会所重视”，符合原文；选项C和D在文中没有提及。所以本题选B。3.细节事实题。根据关键词定位到第二段，然而，许多老年妇女收入微薄，在退休后面临贫困的未来。据英国国家妇女组织一项针对老年妇女的特别研究的负责人Tish Sommers说，当性别歧视与年龄歧视发生冲突时，贫困就不再近在咫尺它正在向贫困逼近。也就是说，年长的女性通常很难摆脱贫困，选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段第一句“Opportunities for moving in and up in a large company may shrink bu

56、t many older people begin successful small businesses, volunteer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years.”尽管进入大公司并晋升的机会可能会减少，但许多老年人开始成功的小生意，自愿参加令人满意的活动，并在多年来都保持着活跃。由此可知，老年人有新的机会在社会上保持活跃，选项C符合原文。5.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知，作者主要表达的思想是美国社会忽略了年长者的智慧，再根据最后一段末句“One doesnt lose ability and experience

57、 on the eve of ones 65th or 70th birthday any more than one grows up instantly at age 21.”一个人在65岁或70岁生日前夕不会丧失能力和经验，正如一个人在21岁时不会立即长大一样。也就是说，作者相信老年人的价值正在获得越来越多的认可。选项B符合原文。22.单选题Psychologists think of attitudes as being predisposition toward objects or events that determine the way people react to diff

58、erent stimuli.问题1选项A.prior inclinationsB.prescriptionsC.precautionsD.principal commitments【答案】A【解析】心理学家认为态度是对事物或事件的一种倾向，它决定了人们对不同刺激的反应方式。predisposition意为“ 倾向”。prior inclinations 倾向，爱好；prescriptions 医药处方； precautions预防措施，预警；principal commitments主要承诺。选项A与之意思相近。23.翻译题大学之所以有理由存在，是因为它使老少两代人在富于想象力的学习中，保持了

59、知识与生活热情之间的联系。大学提供信息，但它是富于想象地提供信息。至少，这是它应该为社会发挥的作用。一所大学如果做不到这一点，就没有理由存在。富于想象的思维可以营造出一种令人兴奋的氛围，而这种氛围又可以转化知识。事实不再只是纯粹的事实，它被赋予了种种可能性。它不再是记忆的负担，而是充满活力，犹如能描绘我们梦境的诗人，能实现我们意图的建筑师。【答案】The justification for a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the zest of life, by uniting the

60、 young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning. The university imparts information, but it imparts it imaginatively. At least, this is the function which it should perform for society. A university which fails in this respect has no reason for existence. This atmosphere of excitemen