2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号34

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题They are going to have the serviceman （ ）an electric fan in the office tomorrow.问题1选项A.installB.to installC.to be installedD.installed【答案】A【解析】根据have sb. do sth.可知，这里应该用动词原形，所以选项A正确。2.单选题Neon is an element which does

2、not combine readily with any other element; because of this property, it is called an （ ）element.问题1选项A.expensiveB.adjacentC.activeD.inactive【答案】D【解析】expensive 昂贵的；adjacent 邻近的；active 积极的，活跃的；inactive 不活跃的，怠惰的。句意：氖是一种不易与其他元素化合的元素；由于这个属性，它被称为不活跃元素。选项D符合句意。3.单选题What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we

3、 say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say, I wish I could help you but Im short of money myself. In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you dont

4、want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?Professor Jereald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a white lie, such as when a woman at a party

5、 tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie pol

6、iticians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.Research has also been done into the way of peoples behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they ar

7、e sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now”. They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a sl

8、ight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch（痒）.Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book ManWatching calls “the mouth cover”. He says there are several typical forms of this

9、, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be interpreted as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose o

10、r covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and, in particular, the context in which the lie is tol

11、d.1.One sometimes tells ones friend a “white lie” because one wants to（ ）.2.One research suggests that women （ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.4.People may rub their noses when they lie because（ ）.5.It can be learned from the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.make a profit from the other person

12、B.avoid offending the other personC.convince the other personD.have some fun问题2选项A.generally life far more than menB.tend to tell more serious lies than menC.make more promises they can fulfill than menD.are better at telling less serious lies than men问题3选项A.politicians tend to tell intentional lies

13、B.men are less skilled at telling liesC.businessmen seldom break their promisesD.women tend to make false promises问题4选项A.they suffer from high blood pressure at the timeB.the nose is the most sensitive part of the human bodyC.the nose reveals the liar more easily than the other parts of the faceD.th

14、ey do so in order to stop themselves from telling more lies问题5选项A.lies can easily be detected by careful observersB.lies are usually accompanied by strange gesturesC.people are able to tell a lie when they hear others lyingD.a liar may give away his or her intention unconsciously【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第

15、4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。根据下文的举例：比如一个女士在派对上对另一个女士说，她喜欢她的衣服，而实际上她觉得它看起来很糟糕。由此可推测，这样说是为了避免冒犯他人，选项B正确。2.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies.”其他研究人员表示，男性更有可能说一些更严重的谎言。选项D是对原文的反向表达，意思是一致的，所以正确。3.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“This is the kind of lie politicians and busi

16、nessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.”这是政客和商人应该特别擅长的谎言：说谎者希望从谎言中获利或在某些方面得到好处。由此可推测，政客们倾向于故意说谎，选项A符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据第三段的最后两句“One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the

17、 nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch.”对此的一种解释可能是说谎会导致血压轻微升高。鼻尖对于这种变化非常敏感，血压增加会使它发痒。选项A符合原文。5.推理判断题。本题可采用排除法。选项A和C在文中没有提及；选项B符合原文；选项D无法直接从文中的信息推导出来，所以选项B更恰当。4.单选题I think that I committed a （ ）in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.问题1选项A

18、.blunderB.revengeC.reproachD.scandal【答案】A【解析】blunder 大错，愚蠢的错误；revenge报复，复仇；reproach责备，耻辱；scandal丑闻，流言蜚语。句意：我认为我在问她的时候犯了一个大错，因为她似乎被我的问题弄得很心烦。选项A符合语境。5.单选题“Better late than never” is a （ ）that is very familiar to most English speakers.问题1选项A.plauditB.plenaryC.plentyD.platitude【答案】D【解析】plaudit 喝彩，赞美；pl

19、enary全体会议；plenty大量，充足；platitude 陈词滥调。句意：“迟做总比不做好”是大多数说英语的人都很熟悉的陈词滥调。选项D符合句意。6.单选题All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read （ ）letters from their families.问题1选项A.sentimentalB.affectionateC.intimateD.sensitive【答案】B【解析】sentimental 伤感的，多愁善感的；affectionate 深情的，充满爱的；intimate 亲密的，精通的

20、；sensitive 敏感的，易受伤害的。句意：所有的海上石油探测者读到家人写的充满爱的信时，都会情绪高涨。选项B符合语境。7.单选题The lawyer browbeat the witness into confessing he had seen the crime committed.问题1选项A.talkedB.forcedC.caressedD.intimidated【答案】D【解析】句意：律师恫吓证人承认他目睹了犯罪。browbeat意为恫吓，吓唬。只有选项D与之意思相近。8.单选题Why does a vegetarian restaurant make its dishes

21、resemble meat in every way except （ ）?问题1选项A.ingredientsB.componentsC.elementsD.compounds【答案】A【解析】ingredient成分，配料，原料；component组件，元件；element元素，要素；compound化合物；混合物。句意：为什么素食餐厅的菜除了配料外，其他各个方面都像肉？选项A符合语境。9.单选题Her （ ）manner embarrassed the others at the party.问题1选项A.affableB.tractableC.sapidD.gauche【答案】D【解析

22、】affable 和蔼可亲的，友善的；tractable 易于管教的，易驾驭的；sapid 有滋味的，有趣的；gauche 笨拙的，粗鲁的，不善交际的。句意：她在聚会上笨拙的举止使其他人感到很尴尬。选项D符合句意。10.单选题Under the （ ）of Professor Roberts, the 900 delegates assessed and discussed the social market economy.问题1选项A.custodianB.alienationC.tutelageD.help【答案】C【解析】custodian 管理人，监护人；alienation异化，疏

23、远；tutelage 指导。句意：在Roberts教授的指导下，900名代表对社会市场经济进行了评估和讨论。选项C更符合语境。11.翻译题大学之所以有理由存在，是因为它使老少两代人在富于想象力的学习中，保持了知识与生活热情之间的联系。大学提供信息，但它是富于想象地提供信息。至少，这是它应该为社会发挥的作用。一所大学如果做不到这一点，就没有理由存在。富于想象的思维可以营造出一种令人兴奋的氛围，而这种氛围又可以转化知识。事实不再只是纯粹的事实，它被赋予了种种可能性。它不再是记忆的负担，而是充满活力，犹如能描绘我们梦境的诗人，能实现我们意图的建筑师。【答案】The justification for

24、 a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the zest of life, by uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning. The university imparts information, but it imparts it imaginatively. At least, this is the function which it should perform for soc

25、iety. A university which fails in this respect has no reason for existence. This atmosphere of excitement, arising from imaginative consideration, transforms knowledge. A fact is no longer a bare fact: it is invested with all its possibilities. It is no longer a burden on the memory: it is energizin

26、g as the poet of our dreams, and as the architect of our purposes.12.单选题The hotel was a four-storey building away from the university where most competitors were accommodated.问题1选项A.put upB.put downC.put inD.put over【答案】A【解析】accommodated在这里指容纳，安置。put up提供，建造，举起；put down 放下，镇压；put in 提交，放入；put over 推

27、迟，驶过。选项A放在句中最为恰当，符合语境。13.单选题For several years the lives of the two old ladies continued to revolve in intimate enmity around each other.问题1选项A.companionshipB.hospitalityC.amiabilityD.hostility【答案】D【解析】句意：几年来，这两位老太太的生活一直围绕着彼此的恩怨而转。enmity意为敌意，憎恨。companionship 友谊，伴侣；hospitality 殷勤，好客；amiability 和蔼可亲，友善

28、；hostility 敌意，敌对。选项D与之意思相近。14.单选题It has been widely accepted that the size of the universe （ ）our imagination.问题1选项A.transformsB.transfersC.transpiresD.transcends【答案】D【解析】transform改变，转化； transfer转移，移交；transpire蒸发，泄露；transcend胜过，超越。句意：人们普遍认为宇宙的大小超出了我们的想象。选项D符合句意。15.单选题Diamonds have little （ ）value an

29、d their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.问题1选项A.extinctB.permanentC.surplusD.intrinsic【答案】D【解析】extinct灭绝的，绝种的；permanent永久的，不变的；surplus剩余的，过剩的；intrinsic本质的，固有的。 句意：钻石本身没有什么价值，它们的价格几乎完全取决于它们的稀缺性。选项D符合句意。16.单选题Mary is fine girl even though shes sometimes abrupt in manner.问题1选项A.deviousB.

30、brusqueC.shrewD.irritable【答案】B【解析】句意：玛丽是个好女孩，虽然她有时举止粗鲁。abrupt意为“生硬的，唐突的，粗鲁的。Devious偏僻的，弯曲的；brusque唐突的，直率的，无礼 的；shrew泼妇，悍妇；irritable急躁的，易怒的。选项B与之意思最为相近。17.单选题What is the proper balance between the culture heritage and the globalization that threatens to （ ）the world in one model?问题1选项A.classifyB.just

31、ifyC.purifyD.unify【答案】D【解析】classify分类，分等；justify证明合法，替辩护；purify净化，使纯净；unify统一，使一致。句意：文化遗产和威胁世界统一成一种模式的全球化之间的适当平衡是什么？选项D符合句意。18.单选题The （ ）of these many events led many people to believe that they were interrelated.问题1选项A.concurrenceB.agreementC.occurrenceD.circumstance【答案】A【解析】concurrence同时发生， 赞同，合作；

32、agreement 协议，同意，一致；occurrence 发生，出现；circumstance 环境，情况，境遇。句意：许多这些事件同时发生使很多人相信它们之间是相互关联的。选项A符合句意。19.单选题His （ ）life as a revolutionary made him highly adaptable to various kinds of hard living conditions.问题1选项A.erraticB.eccentricC.erroneousD.inured【答案】A【解析】erratic不稳定的； eccentric 古怪的，反常的；erroneous 错误的，

33、不正确的；inured 习惯 的。句意：作为革命者，飘忽不定的生活使他能够适应各种艰苦的生活条件。选项A符合句意。20.翻译题Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.My eldest daughter, an Internet consultant, is only 30, but she has already lived in five different houses in five different places and has had

34、 about six different jobs. Every time I visit her, I notice how many new things there are in her house, and how many things lie unused, out of date. What is even more striking is how many things there are which are not expected to lastdisposable things. Disposable plates and glasses, disposable towe

35、ls and babies, nappies (尿布). It sometimes seems that we live in an age of the disposable.（1）This phenomenon of constant change runs through everything in life nowadays, from fashion to music, from medicine to motorcars, from education to employment. Two important factors seem to be driving these cha

36、nges. The first is the rapid growth in knowledge and the consequent rapid development of technology. The second is the revolution in communications, which means that knowledge is spread faster and more widely than ever. Our times are often called “the information age” and the effect is to bring abou

37、t “the knowledge economy”. New technologies and new knowledge bring about the need for new skills.（2）The speed with which these technologies are being created is such that all of us are faced with the challenge of learning new skills, not just once, but several times. What we knew yesterday is often

38、 obsolete today.I remember my daughter saying to that she was at “the cutting edge” of her particular field. But within five years, she said, she would have to do something new and different to keep up. There is a great need for flexibility and problem-solving than before. Tasks require a greater in

39、tegration of skills. （3）The rewards of life go to the multi-skilled, to flexible teams of workers each capable of contributing in a range of ways.（4）To succeed in this new world of work, individuals will have to regard their careers not just as a process of gathering experience, but as a process of

40、learning new things on an almost continuous basis. All this suggests to me that the relationship between education and employment has changed radically over the last few years. （5）One could summarize the change by saying that when I learned things in order to achieve life-long employment while my ch

41、ildren need to pursue life-long learning in order to stay employed.【答案】1. 这种不断变化的现象如今贯穿着生活中的一切，从时装到音乐，从医药到“摩托车”，从教育到就业。2.创造技术的速度是这样的，我们大家都面临着不只是一次，而是多次地学习新技能的挑战。3.生活的奖赏趋向多种技能，以及每个职工在一个灵活的团队能够在多方面做出贡献。4.为了在这种新的工作世界中成功，个人将不得不考虑自己的事业不仅是一种收集经验的过程，也是一个连续不断地学习新事物的过程。5.人们可以总结说，我学东西是为了获得终生的就业机会，而我的孩子则需要终生学习

42、，以维持就业。21.单选题In the face of an uncooperative Congress, the Chief Executive may find himself （ ）to accomplish the political program to which he is committed.问题1选项A.neutralB.impotentC.impudentD.pious【答案】B【解析】neutral 中立的；impotent无力的，无效的；impudent鲁莽的，无礼的；pious虔诚的，尽责的。句意：面对不合作的国会，行政长官可能会发现自己无力完成他所承诺的政治计划。

43、选项B符合句意。22.单选题Any driver stopped by the police for some minor traffic （ ）can be asked to take a test for alcoholic drinking.问题1选项A.violationB.accidentC.congestionD.problem【答案】A【解析】violation 违反，妨碍，侵害；accident 意外，事故；congestion 拥挤，拥塞。句意：任何因轻微交通违章被警察拦下的司机都可以被要求做酒精测试。选项A符合句意。23.单选题Plays are an important

44、form of entertainment in most countries. Two kinds of drama unique to Japan are Noh and Kabuki. Music is used in both types of drama. Originally, men performed both mens and womens parts in Noh and Kabuki plays. But the similarities end there.Kabuki costumes are fancy, bright, and heavy. Real gold i

45、s used on them. On the other hand, Noh costumes are quite simple. Kabuki stages are huge. The stage sets are elaborate. Noh stages are only 18 feet (5.4 meters) square. The only scenery used is background wall with a tree painted on it. A scene changes when the Noh actors change their places. The au

46、dience must use a lot of imaginations.Noh plays started in the fourteenth century to entertain the upper class. The form of the play has not changed much since that time. All parts of a Noh play must follow a certain set of rules. To a person unfamiliar with Noh drama, a Noh actor may look as if he

47、is sleepwalking. The action of the play is slow. Every movement is controlled. Certain actions stand for certain things. For example, a few steps forward mean the end of a journey. An important part of a Noh play is the chorus that chants much of the story.Kabuki plays were developed in the seventee

48、nth century for the common people. Theatre was the main amusement of the merchants of that time. Kabuki plays give a clear picture of those merchants tastes and ideas. The colorful costumes reflect their gay moods. The heroes are often warriors who perform daring feats. The players wear thick makeup

49、. They exaggerate their movements and facial expressions to communicate feeling.Music is very important to Kabuki plays, Kabuki actors sing, dance, and speak their lines while the music is played in the background. The music may sound strange at first, but it makes the action on the stage more excit

50、ing. Musicians play instruments such as flutes, drums, and gongs. They also use the samisen, a three-stringed instrument shaped somewhat like a banjo. Another instrument has two small blocks of wood that are banged on the floor.1.What do Noh and Kabuki share in common?2.Which statement is true about

51、 the Kabuki plays?3.One of the differences between Noh and Kabuki plays is that （ ）.4.Kabuki plays can inform us about（ ）.5.What musical instruments are used in Kabuki plays?问题1选项A.Music is used in both types of drama.B.Women performed both mens and womens parts in the beginning.C.Both mens andwomen

52、s parts were played by males in the earlier period.D.Both A and C.问题2选项A.Costumes are funny, light and rough.B.Stages are 18 feet square.C.A background with a tree painted on it is the only scenery.D.The performers must use all their imaginations.问题3选项A.Noh is slowerB.Noh is simplerC.Noh is more col

53、orfulD.Noh is more exciting问题4选项A.likes and dislikes of the 17th century common peopleB.the tastes of the 17th century Japanese merchantsC.the life style of the ruling classD.the courageous deeds of the soldiers问题5选项A.Flutes, gongs and two blocks of wood.B.Drums and samisens.C.Gongs, drums and woode

54、n hammers.D.A and B.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的三四句“Music is used in both types of drama. Originally, men performed both mens and womens parts in Noh and Kabuki plays.”两种戏剧都使用音乐。最初，男性在能剧和歌舞伎剧中同时扮演男性和女性角色。选项A和C均正确，所以本题选D。2.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Kabuki costumes are fancy, bright, and heavy

55、.”可知选项A错误；选项B和C都是描述能剧的，所以只有选项D正确。3.推理判断题。根据最后三段的内容可知，选项C和D是描述歌舞伎剧，首先排除；选项B在文中没有提及；选项A符合原文，所以正确。4.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段的第三句“Kabuki plays give a clear picture of those merchants tastes and ideas.”歌舞伎剧清楚地展现了这些商人的品味和思想。选项B符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后几句“Musicians play instruments such as flutes, drums, and gongs. They

56、 also use the samisen, a three-stringed instrument shaped somewhat like a banjo. Another instrument has two small blocks of wood that are banged on the floor. ”可知选项A和B都有提及，所以选项D正确。24.单选题She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would （ ）her long effort.问题1选项A.justifyB.estifyC

57、.rectifyD.verify【答案】A【解析】justify 证明是正当的/有理由的，替辩护；testify 作证，证明，证实；rectify 改正，精馏，整流；verify 核实，查证。句意：在确信结果会证明她的长期努力是值得的之前，她努力工作了。选项A 符合语境。25.单选题The present contract is done in Chinese and English, both texts being equally（ ）.问题1选项A.validB.warrantC.rationD.effect【答案】A【解析】valid正当的，合法的，有效的；warrant根据，证明，委

58、任状；ration定量， 配给量；effect影响，效果，作用。句意：本合同有中英文两个版本，它们具有同等效力。选项A符合句意。26.单选题It is very strange, but I had an （ ）that the plane would crash.问题1选项A.inspirationB.intuitionC.imaginationD.incentive【答案】B【解析】inspiration灵感，鼓舞；intuition直觉；imagination想象力；incentive动机，刺激。句意：虽然很奇怪，但我有一种飞机会坠毁的直觉。选项B符合句意。27.单选题1.Scienti

59、sts have developed a slimming drug that successfully suppresses appetite and results in a dramatic loss of weight without any apparent ill effects.2.In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season. Now, only 3 percent of families follow the agricultural model, but nearly all school

60、s are scheduled as is our children went home early to milk the cows and took months off to work the crops.3.Humor has been well defined as: “Thinking in fun while feeling in earnest”.4.法律真正的意义，是要把一个自由而有理性的人导向正当的意义上去，而不是对此加以限制的。5.然而，研究人员在报告中提醒说，相对于患更严重的疾病的危险来说，这些益处简直微不足道。问题1选项A.科学家们已经研制出了一种减肥药，它能有效地抑