2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号41

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题_ to tell us that the interest of the individual should be subordinate to that of the collective?问题1选项A.Were you usedB.Are you usedC.Did you useD.Do you used【答案】C【解析】考查固定句型。句意：你不是经常告诉我们个人的利益应该从属于集体的利益吗？sb. used to d

2、o“某人过去常常做某事”，其一般疑问句为did sb. use to do；sb. be used to (doing) sth.“习惯于（做）某事”，其一般疑问句为be动词提前；be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”。结合语境，这里指的是过去常常告诉我们某事，C选项Did you use符合题意。因此C选项正确。2.翻译题1. If the young engineer didnt have all these qualities, he could never have done what he has done or have the chance of succeedin

3、g in what he is trying to do.2. Cloning doesnt necessarily make cells grow old, and can even act as a fountain of youth, say researchers who have been investigating a group of cloned calves.3. We often reach an impasse in our thinking, at that moment we are looking at a problem, and trying to solve

4、it and it seems there is a dead end.4. The curriculum of the high school is similar to conventional school that provide preparation for college, complete with English, history, math and science, besides, all students are required to take performing arts and sports and provide a community service.5.

5、In the Philippines, women were found to contribute about a third of households cash income, but 55 percent of household support if the economic value of their activities at home, such as growing food, or gathering hay to feed the family donkey, is included.【答案】1. 如果这位年轻的工程师没有所有这些品质，他就不可能完成他所做的事情，也不可

6、能有机会在他所尝试的事情上取得成功。2. 一直在研究一组克隆小牛的研究人员说，克隆不一定会使细胞衰老，甚至还能起到不老泉的作用。3. 我们经常在思维过程中陷入僵局，当我们看到问题并试图解决时，似乎就会有一个死胡同。4. 这所高中的课程与传统学校的课程类似，都为升入大学做准备，包括英语、历史、数学和科学。但所有的学生都必须选修表演艺术和体育，还要提供社区服务。5. 研究发现，在菲律宾，妇女贡献了家庭现金收入的三分之一，但如果算上家务的经济价值，比如种植粮食或收集干草饲养家中的驴子，则为家庭贡献了55%。3.单选题Stevenson found no（ ）to carry on the work

7、of his father.问题1选项A.aptitudeB.reactionC.arrangementD.polarization【答案】C【解析】 Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONEaptitude天资, 自然倾向；reaction反应；arrangement安排, 打算；polarization两极化。have no arrangement to do“没有的打算”, 选项C符合句意。4.单选题The complexity of popular culture is often overlooked in our

8、 society. People express concern about the social effects of popular culturefor example, the influence of television violence on children. Yet most people look down on the study of popular culture, as if it contains nothing of significance. This contradiction makes it difficult sometimes to investig

9、ate and discuss popular culture.As U.S. Americans, we are in a unique position in relationship to popular culture. Products of U.S. popular culture are well known and circulate widely on the international market. The popularly of U.S music stars, such as Michael Jackson and Madonna, and of Hollywood

10、 films and television shows creates an uneven flow of texts between the Unites States and other nations. Scholars Elihu Katz and Tamar Liebes noted the “apparent ease with which American television programs cross cultural and linguistic frontiers”. Indeed the phenomenon is so taken for granted that

11、hardly any systematic research has been done to explain the reasons why these programs are so successful.In contrast, U.S. Americans are rarely exposed to popular culture from outside the United States. Exceptions to this largely one-way movement of popular culture include rock stars who sing in Eng

12、lish. Consider how difficult it is to find foreign films or television programs throughout most of the United States. The apparent imbalance of cultural texts globally not only renders U.S Americans more dependent on U.S-produced popular culture, but it also can lead to cultural imperialism.The stud

13、y of popular culture has become increasingly important in the communication field. Although intercultural communication scholars traditionally have overlooked popular culture, we believe that popular culture is a significant influence in intercultural interactions.1.“This contradiction” in paragraph

14、 1 refers to the contradiction between （ ）.2.According to the passage, one-way movement of popular culture may lead to（ ）.3.Implied but not stated:（ ）.4.Americans depend more on U.S-produced popular culture because（ ）.5.Which of the following best expresses the authors opinion on the study of popula

15、r culture?问题1选项A.peoples concern about the social effects of popular culture and the overlook of the study of popular culture.B.the complexity of popular culture and peoples concern about the social effects of popular culture.C.the complexity of popular culture and the overlook of the study of popul

16、ar cultureD.the significance of popular culture and the study of popular culture.问题2选项A.cultural imperialismB.the popularity of rock stars who sing in EnglishC.the overlook of popular cultureD.the systematic research on popular culture问题3选项A.Popular programs have been overlookedB.Products of U.S pop

17、ular culture are more widely spread in other nations than in the U.SC.Social effects of popular culture are of great importance.D.The reasons why U.S popular culture is globally successful have not been found问题4选项A.they dislike television programs of other nationsB.popular culture from outside the U

18、nited States is hardly found on the American marketC.the study of popular culture is overlookedD.U.S. popular culture is well known in the world问题5选项A.Popular culture has made a global influence in intercultural communication.B.The imbalance of popular culture is harmful to Americans.C.Intercultural

19、 researchers should pay attention to the study of popular culture.D.The international marker should not be dominated by U.S. popular culture【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文可知, “This contradiction”指的是上一句提到的人们表达了流行文化对社会影响的担忧例如, 电视暴力对儿童的影响。然而, 大多数人看不起流行文化的研究, 觉得它没有任何意义。所以选项A与原文相符。2.细节事实题。根

20、据关键词“one-way movement”定位到第三段最后一句“The apparent imbalance of cultural texts globally not only renders U.S Americans more dependent on U.S-produced popular culture, but it also can lead to cultural imperialism.”可知, 选项A正确。3.推理判断题。此题可采用排除法。根据第二段的内容可知, 选项A表述错误；选项B在文中并没有相关的信息表明；选项D是原文内容；所以只有选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根

21、据第三段第三句“Consider how difficult it is to find foreign films or television programs throughout most of the United States.”可知, 在美国大部分地区很难找到外国电影或电视节目。选项B符合原文。5.主旨大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知, 作者认为流行文化在跨文化交际中有着重要的影响。选项A符合原文。5.单选题Because of their chemical structure, synthetic dyes generally（ ） more slowly than natural

22、 ones.问题1选项A.penetrateB.evaporateC.fadeD.secede【答案】C【解析】penetrate渗透, 看透；evaporate蒸发, 挥发；fade褪色；secede 脱离, 退出。句意：由于化学结构的原因, 合成染料通常比天然染料褪色慢。选项C符合句意。6.单选题I would have gone to the lecture with you _ I was so busy.问题1选项A.except thatB.provided thatC.but thatD.only that【答案】D【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：要不是我太忙，我就会和你一起去听讲座

23、了。A选项except that“除了（名词整体）外，只是（某些细节）”，后面的从句表示前面提及名词中所包含的一部份，也就是对该名词的细节加以修正；B选项provided that“倘若”；C选项but that“若非，要不是”，but that引导从句时，主句必须是否定句；D选项only that“只是，要不是”。这里指的是要是我不忙就会去了，结合语境和用法，D选项only that符合题意。因此D选项正确。7.单选题Why should anyone want to read（ ）of books by great authors when the real pleasure comes

24、from reading the originals?问题1选项A.digestsB.themesC.leafletsD.insights【答案】A【解析】句意：当真正的乐趣来自于阅读原著时, 为什么有人想要阅读伟大作家的作品摘要呢？选项A更符合语境。8.单选题Back in 1992, Thomas Edison predicted that “the motion picture is destined to revolutionize our educational system and . in a few years it will supplant largely, if not

25、entirely, the use of textbooks.” Well, we all make mistakes. But at least Edison did not squander vast quantities of public money on installing cinema screens in schools around the country.With computers, the story has been different. Many governments have packed them into schools, convinced that th

26、eir presence would improve the pace and efficiency of learning. Large numbers of studies, some more academically respectable than others, have purported to show that computers help children to learn. Now, however, a study that compares class with computers against similar classes without them casts

27、doubt on that view.In the current Economic Journal, Joshua Angrist of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Victor Lavy of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem look at a scheme which put computers into many of Israels primary and middle schools in the mid-1990s. Dr Angrist and Dr Lavy compare

28、the test scores for math and Hebrew achieved by children in the fourth and eighth grades (ie, aged about nine and 13) in schools with and without computers. They also asked the classes teachers how they used various teaching materials, such as Xeroxed worksheets and, of course, computer programs. Th

29、e researchers found that the Israeli scheme had much less effect on teaching methods in middle schools than in elementary schools. It also found no evidence that the use of computers improved childrens test scores. In fact, it found the reverse. In the case of the math scores of fourth-graders, ther

30、e was a consistently negative relationship between computer use and test scores.The authors offer three possible explanations of why this might be. First, the introduction of computers into classrooms might have gobbled up cash that would otherwise have paid for other aspects of education. But that

31、is unlikely in this case since the money for the programmer came from the national lottery, and the study found no significant change in teaching resources, methods or training in schools that acquired computers through the scheme.A second possibility is that the transition to using computers in ins

32、truction takes time to have an effect. Maybe, say the author, but the schools surveyed had been using the schemes computers for a full school year. That was enough for the new computers to have had a large (and apparently malign) influence on fourth-grade math scores. The third explanation is the si

33、mplest: that the use of computers in teaching is no better (and perhaps worse) than other teaching methods.The bottom line, says Dr Angrist, is that “the costs are clear-cut and the benefits are murky”. The burden of proof now lies with the promoters of classroom computers. And the only reliable way

34、 to make their case is ,surely, to conduct a proper study, with children randomly allocated to teachers who use computers and teachers who use other methods, including the cheapest of all: chalk and talk.1.We can learn from the first paragraph that（ ）.2.Dr. Angrist and Dr. Lavy have done the followi

35、ng except（ ）.3.According to Dr. Angrist and Dr. Lavy, in the Israeli scheme, students didnt make improvement in their test scores because（ ）.4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that（ ）.5.The authors attitude towards governments packing computers in schools seems to be（ ）.问题1选项A.motion pictu

36、re has revolutionized education systemB.Edisons prediction has been proved wrongC.Edison encouraged schools to install cinema screensD.Schools are cautious about Edisons idea问题2选项A.comparing the test scores of students in different age groups.B.interviewing teachers about their teaching methods.C.la

37、unching the computer program in many Israeli schools.D.explaining students school performance.问题3选项A.other aspects of education were affected due to cash shortageB.it was not long enough for the program to take effectC.there was a negative relationship between computer use and test scoresD.the use o

38、f computer was no better than other teaching methods问题4选项A.there hasnt been a proper study on this issue yetB.school authorities should provide proof to support the computer programC.installing computers in schools costs too much, but has little or no effectD.chalk and talk work better than computer

39、 in teaching问题5选项A.biasedB.indifferentC.disapprovingD.puzzling【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者提到爱迪生的预言，随后指出“we all make mistakes.”说明爱迪生的这个预言是错误的，所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据原文第二段的内容可知，发动计算机项目是国家政府做的，两位研究人员只是负责该项目的研究，所以选项C不正确。3.细节事实题。由原文可知，作者提出了三种可能性，最后一种的可能性最大。根据倒数第二段最后一句“The third expla

40、nation is the simplest: that the use of computers in teaching is no better (and perhaps worse) than other teaching methods.”第三种解释是最简单的：在教学中使用计算机并不比其他教学方法更好(也许更糟)。选项D符合原文。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“And the only reliable way to make their case is ,surely, to conduct a proper study,.”要证明他们的观点，唯一可靠的方法当然是进行适当的研究。由此可

41、推断吗，目前关于这个问题还没有一个恰当的研究，选项A符合原文。5.观点态度题。根据原文第一段的内容可知，作者提到虽然爱迪生的预言是错误的，但至少爱迪生没有浪费大量的公共资金在全国各地的学校里安装电影屏幕。随即在下文提到有的国家却这样做了，以及这样做并没有带来好的反响。说明作者对政府在学校里包装电脑的态度是否定的，选项C正确。9.单选题All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons（ ）slowly into the sky.问题1选项A.ascendingB.elevati

42、ngC.liftingD.lingering【答案】A【解析】ascend上升；elevate提升，举起；lift提升，举起；linger徘徊。 根据句意可知这里指气球慢慢上升到空中，选项A符合语境。10.单选题Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one of every five Americans at work was employed, i.e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employe

43、d but working for himself. And when fifty years ago “being employed” meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical ski

44、lls. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years; middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working populationgrowing so fast that the industrial worker, the oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing i

45、n numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field,

46、 whether it be the mechanists trade or bookkeeping. Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more

47、 important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly, more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrat

48、ive or executive work, and the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.1. It is implied that fifty years ago _.2. According to the passage, with the development of modem modern industry _.3. The word “dubious” (unde

49、rlined in Para 2.) most probably means _.4. According to the writer, professional knowledge or skill is _.5. From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one _.问题1选项A.eighty per cent of American working people were employed in factoriesB.twenty per cent of American intellectuals were empl

50、oyeesC.the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workersD.the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers问题2选项A.factory laborers will overtake intellectual employees in numberB.the proportion

51、of factory laborers in the total employee population has decreasedC.employers have attached great importance to factory laborersD.there are as many middle-class employees as factory laborers问题3选项A.valuableB.usefulC.doubtfulD.helpful问题4选项A.as important as the ability to deal with public relationsB.le

52、ss important than awareness of being a good employeeC.more important than employer employee relationsD.as important as the ability to co-operate with others in the organization问题5选项A.to be more successful in his careerB.to be more specialized in his fieldC.to solve technical problemsD.to develop his

53、 professional skill【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段And when fifty years ago “being employed” meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or managemen

54、t job requiring intellectual and technical skills.（50年前，“被雇佣”的意思是作为工厂工人或农场工人工作，而今天的雇员越来越多地是中产阶级，接受过大量的正规教育，从事需要智力和技术技能的专业或管理工作。），由此可知50年前，当人们提到被雇佣时想到的是工厂或农场工人，而现在想到的是中产阶级，由此可推断出50年前，知识分子作为雇员工作的占比没有产业工人的大，所以D选项“知识分子作为雇员工作的百分比没有产业工人的百分比大”正确。A选项“百分之八十的美国工人受雇于工厂”和B选项“百分之二十的美国知识分子是雇员”对应文章第二句“大约一百年前，每五个在工

55、作的美国人中只有一个被雇佣，即为别人工作。”，此处说的是一百年前，并不是五十年，且此处要表达的意思是一百年前百分之二十的美国工人受雇于工厂，所以A选项和B选项说法都不正确，属于反向干扰；C选项“知识分子在全体劳动力中的比例几乎与产业工人的比例相同”说法错误，文章第一段说到50年前，知识分子作为雇员工作的占比没有产业工人的大，所以C选项属于反向干扰。因此D选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-cla

56、ss and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working populationgrowing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.（事实上，在过去的50年里，美国社会有两个特点：中产阶级和上

57、层社会的雇员一直是我们劳动人口中增长最快的群体增长如此之快，以至于工业革命时以体力为主的工人在数量上已经失去了重要性，尽管工业生产在扩大。），由此可推断出产业工人的数量减少了，所以B选项“产业工人在总雇员人口中的比例有所下降”正确。A选项“产业工人的数量将超过知识型员工”和D选项“中产阶级雇员和产业工人一样多”与原文表述不符，属于反向干扰；C选项“雇主非常重视产业工人”文章没有提到，属于无中生有。因此B选项正确。3.词汇推断题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段开头Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an e

58、mployee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion.（然而，你会发现几乎没有任何关于如何成为一名员工的内容。但是你却可以找到很多关于如何获得工作或晋升非常_的建议。），根据第一句几乎没有什么文章写道应该如何成为一名员工，却有如何获得工作或晋升的建议，所以不难推测这种建议是不可信的，因此C选项“可疑的；不可信的”正确。A选项“有价值的”；B选项“有用的”；D选项“有帮助的”都与原文所表达的意思相反，属于反向干扰，因此C选项正确。4.推理判断题

59、。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段Certainly, more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade（当然，更多的人失败是因为他们不知道作为一名员工的要求，而不是因为他们没有充分掌握自己的行业技能），由此可推断作者认为知道自己作为员工的要求，即做一名好员工比掌握专业知识技能更重要，所以B选项“不如意识到自己要做一名好员工那么重要”正确。A选项“与处

60、理公共关系的能力同等重要”、C选项“比劳资关系更重要”和D选项“与组织中其他人合作的能力同样重要”文章都没有提到，属于无中生有。因此B选项正确。5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到最后一段最后两句employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skillthe higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, and the greater the empha