2022年考研考博-考博英语-吉林大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号25

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-吉林大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题There is too great a （ ）of alcohol in Britain.问题1选项A.consumptionB.destructionC.absenceD.transmission【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。consumption “消费；消耗”；destruction “破坏；毁灭”；absence “缺乏；缺席”；transmission “传动装置;传送”。句意：英国的酒精消耗太大了。选项A符合题

2、意。2.单选题（ ） he tried to understand Shakespeares tragedies, he failed all the same.问题1选项A.Hard asB.As hardC.Hard althoughD.Though hard【答案】A【解析】考查as 引导的让步状语从句。句意：虽然他尽力去理解莎士比亚的悲剧作品，但是却仍然失败了。选项A符合题意。3.单选题It is a common theme of many science fiction stories that the world may one day be （ ）by beings from

3、the outer space.问题1选项A.run overB.filled inC.taken overD.broken in【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。run over “辗过；溢出”；fill in “填写；填充；替代”；take over “接管；接收”；broke in “打断；闯入”。句意：科幻小说共有的一个主题是总有一天世界可能被外星人接管。选项C符合题意。4.单选题It is （ ）that the Internet is exerting a growing important influence on peoples lives.问题1选项A.indistinct

4、iveB.indissolubleC.indispensableD.indisputable【答案】D【解析】考查形近形容词词义辨析。indistinctive “无特色的，不显著的”；indissoluble “不能分解的，不能溶解的”；indispensable “不可缺少的”；indisputable “明白的，无可争议的”。根据句意“互联网对人们的生活起到了越来越重要的影响”，这个事实是无可争议的，所以选项D符合题意。5.单选题That machine was very useful; but he was definitely（ ） when he said it was the g

5、reatest machine ever invented.问题1选项A.lyingB.bluffingC.exaggeratingD.overreacting【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。lie “躺”；bluff “虚张声势”；exaggerate “夸大”；overreact “反应过度”。句意：那台机器用处非常大，但是当他声称它曾经是最伟大的机器时，明显是在夸大。选项C符合题意。6.单选题A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do

6、nothing. So,as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our onceproud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing,

7、 and I think I know what it is: accountability.Accountability isnt hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.Of the many values that hold civilization togetherhonesty, kindness, and so on accountability may be the most importan

8、t of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no lawand, ultimately, no society.My job as a police officer is to impose accountability of people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on peoples behavior are far less

9、effective, that internal restrains such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.Fortunately there are still communitiessmaller towns, usuallywhere schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaims: “In this family certain things are not toleratedthey simply are not done.Yet mo

10、re and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him.The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thir

11、ty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, its the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didnt teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the par

12、ents who didnt provide a stable home.I dont believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.We in Ame

13、rica desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.1.What the wise man said suggests that（ ）.2.According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crim（ ）.3.Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have（ ）.4.The wri

14、ter is sorry to have noticed that（ ）.5.The key point of the passage is that（ ）.问题1选项A.its unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evilB.its certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about itC.its only natural for virtue to defeat evilD.its desirable for good men to keep awa

15、y from evil问题2选项A.society is to be held responsibleB.modern civilization is responsible for itC.the criminal himself should bear the blameD.the standards of living should be improved问题3选项A.less self-disciplineB.better sense of disciplineC.more mutual respectD.less effective government问题4选项A.people i

16、n large cities tend to excuse criminalsB.people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standardsC.todays society lacks sympathy for people in difficultyD.people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities问题5选项A.stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and f

17、amiliesB.more good examples should be set for people to followC.more restrictions should be imposed on peoples behaviorD.more people should accept the value of accountability【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一句话a wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for goo

18、d men to do nothing 提到曾经以为智者说过坏人胜利的唯一条件是好人什么都不做。选项B符合题意。2.文章最后一段提到在美国急需更多的人知道犯罪的人应该自己承担责任。选项C符合题意。3.文章第七段yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening提到城市和城镇中，人们越来越缺乏自律。选项A符合题意。4.文章倒数第三段提到几十年前，当罪犯犯罪之后，社会被认为是受害者，而现在，罪犯反而被认为是受害者，罪犯得到开脱，作者认为这是令人震惊的

19、。由此可见，作者对这种情况是非常不满的。所以选项A符合题意。5.文章主要的目的是提醒人们应该承担责任，并且对于为罪犯开脱这种做法很不满，认为犯罪的人应该承担相应的责任。不然长此以往，犯罪会增多，社会也会面临瓦解。选项D符合题意。7.单选题If hockey players are too （ ）,they are penalized.问题1选项A.clumsyB.aggressiveC.briskD.flexible【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。clumsy “笨拙的”；aggressive “侵略性的，好斗的”；brisk “敏锐的，活泼的”；flexible “灵活的，柔韧的，易弯

20、曲的”。句意：如果曲棍球选手太过于具有攻击性，将会被处罚。选项B符合题意。8.单选题After doing odd jobs for a week, he got a （ ）position as an office-boy.问题1选项A.permanentB.sufficientC.transparentD.universal【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。permanent “永久的；不变的”；sufficient “足够的，充分的”；transparent “透明的”；universal “普遍的”。句意：做了一个星期临时工后，他得到了一份办公室固定的工作。选项A符合题意。9.单选

21、题Robert F. Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its use

22、fulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UKs GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If eve

23、rything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warning about what it could do to their countrys economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 cou

24、ntries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a

25、more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major eco

26、nomies have continued to decline. Yet this isnt the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn. When GDP is no longer regarded as

27、the sole measure of countrys success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental q

28、uality of education outcomesall thing that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers, who refocus efforts on improving

29、well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress1.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he（ ） .2.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that（ ） .3.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?4.In the last two paragraphs, th

30、e author suggests that （ ）.5.Which of the following is the best for the text?问题1选项A.praised the UK for its GDPB.identified GDP with happinessC.misinterpreted the role of GDPD.had a low opinion of GDP问题2选项A.the UK is reluctant to remold its economic patternB.the UK will contribute less to the world e

31、conomyC.GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UKD.policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP问题3选项A.It excludes GDP as an indicatorB.It is sponsored by 163 countries.C.Its criteria are questionableD.Its result are enlightening问题4选项A.the UK is preparing for an economic boo

32、mB.high GDP foreshadows an economic declineC.it is essential to consider factors beyond GDPD.it requires caution to handle economic issue问题5选项A.High GDP but Inadequate Well-being, a U.K lessonB.GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic HealthC.Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDPD.Brexit, the UKs G

33、ateway to Well-being【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段第一句Robert F. Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile”提到肯尼迪对于GDP的看法，他说一个国家的GDP可以衡量的是除了使生命变得有价值之外的每件事，言下之意就是GDP是没有意义的。可见他对GDP是持否定态度的。选项D符合题意。2.文章第二段以英国为例来说明GDP数值好并不代表国家的经济好，也不代表国民的生活好

34、，不然为什么会有那么多人支持脱欧（If everything was going so well, then why did over 17million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their countrys economic prospects?）选项C “GDP作为衡量成功的标准在英国不被广泛认同”符合题意。3.文章第三段第一句A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth int

35、o well-being sheds some light on that question提到最近一项关于各国及其将经济增长转化为福利的能力的年度研究揭示了这个问题。选项D符合题意，“结果具有启发性”。4.文章倒数第二段再一次提到肯尼迪对GDP的看法，他指的是尽管国内生产总值（GDP）是衡量各国经济活动的最常用方法，但作为衡量标准，这已经不够了。它没有把其他一些重要的因素比如环境质量或教育成果包括进来，由此可以推测选项C符合题意，“把GDP以外的一些因素考虑进来”。5.文章第一段通过肯尼迪对于GDP的消极观点引出原文，并通过英国脱欧这个案例来引出考虑GDP这个评价机制的好坏。接下来通过英国的

36、例子指出GDP好并不代表国家发展好。最后指出这是每一个发达国家需要得到的教训。选项A “英国的教训高GDP，低幸福”符合题意。10.单选题Human beings are animals. We breathe, eat and digest, and reproduce the same life （1）common to all animals. In a biological laboratory, rats, monkeys, and humans seem very much the same.However, biological understanding is not enou

37、gh: （2）itself, it can never tell us what human beings are.（3）to our physical equipment the naked human body we are not an（4）animal. We are tropical creatures,（5）hairless and sensitive to cold. We are not fast and have neither claws nor sharp teeth to defend ourselves. We need a lot of food but have

38、almost no physical equipment to help us to get it. In the purely physical（6） our species seems a poor （7） for survival.But we have survived-survived and multiplied and（8） the earth. Some day we will have a（9）living on the moon, a place with neither air nor water and with temperatures that turn gases

39、 into solids. How can we have done all these things? Part of the answer is physical. （10） its limitations, our physical equipment has some important （11） We have excellent vision and hands that can（12）objects with a precision unmatched by any other （13）. Most importantly, we have a large brain with

40、an almost （14） number of neural （15） .We have used this physical equipment to create culture, the key to our survival and success. If we live in the Arctic, we supply the warmth our tropical bodies need （16） clothing, shelter, and（17） heat. If a million people want to live in a desert that supplies

41、natural food for only a few hundred, we find water to grow food and（18） deficits by transporting supplies from distant places. Inhabitants of our eventual moon colony will bring their own food and oxygen and then create an artificial earth environment to supply necessities. With culture, we can over

42、come our natural limitations.It was not always （19）. Our distant ancestors were just animals, faced with the limits of their physical equipment. They had no （20）and lacked the physical capacity to use it.问题1选项A.processesB.actsC.modesD.procedures问题2选项A.OnB.WithC.ForD.By问题3选项A.StrippedB.ParedC.PeeledD

43、.Removed问题4选项A.intelligentB.impressiveC.influentialD.incentive问题5选项A.barelyB.hardlyC.nearlyD.scarcely问题6选项A.meaningB.judgmentC.perspectiveD.sense问题7选项A.betB.chanceC.factD.luck问题8选项A.filledB.loadedC.stuffedD.scattered问题9选项A.residenceB.colonyC.homeD.empire问题10选项A.Apart fromB.With regard toC.With the e

44、xception ofD.In spite of问题11选项A.abilitiesB.potentialsC.capabilitiesD.possibilities问题12选项A.maneuverB.manageC.manipulateD.manufacture问题13选项A.animalB.animalsC.creaturesD.creature44.问题14选项A.infiniteB.unknownC.boundlessD.ceaseless问题15选项A.connectionsB.relationsC.activitiesD.accesses问题16选项A.forB.toC.withD.

45、by问题17选项A.artificialB.fakeC.unrealD.unauthentic问题18选项A.add upB.break upC.make upD.cut up问题19选项A.thisB.thusC.henceD.that问题20选项A.intellectB.equipmentC.competenceD.culture【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C第6题:D第7题:A第8题:A第9题:B第10题:D第11题:B第12题:C第13题:A第14题:A第15题:A第16题:D第17题:A第18题:C第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）考查名词词义辨析。p

46、rocess “过程；进行；步骤”；act “行动；法令，法案；（戏剧，歌剧的）一幕”；mode “模式；方式；风格”；procedure “程序；手续；步骤”。空格处所在句子的句意是：我们呼吸、进食、消化和重现生命过程的这些模式与动物非常像。选项C符合题意。（2）考查固定搭配。by itself “独自”。选项D符合题意。（3）考查动词词义辨析。strip “剥夺；剥去”；pare “消减；削皮；剪；修掉（边等）”；peel “剥落；削”；remove “移动；迁移”。空格处所在句子的句意是：脱掉我们的衣服，露出赤裸的人类身体，我们不再是给人印象深刻的一种动物。选项A符合题意。（4）考查形容

47、词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意参考第33题，选项B符合题意。（5）考查副词词义辨析。barely “仅仅”；hardly “几乎不”；nearly “几乎；密切地”；scarcely “几乎不”。空格处所在句子的句意是：我们是一种热情的生物，身上几乎没有毛，对冷很敏感。选项C符合题意。（6）考查固定搭配。in the sense “从这种意义上来说”。选项D符合题意。（7）考查名词词义辨析。bet “打赌，赌注”；chance “机会”； fact “事实”；luck “运气”。空格处所在句子的句意是：从物体的意义上来说，我们这个物种在生存上似乎不是一个好的赌注。选项A符合题意。（8）考查动

48、词词义辨析。fill “装满；充满；挤满”；load “使担负”；stuff “塞满；填塞”；scatter“使散开；使散播”。空格处所在句子的句意是：当时我们生存下来了，数量不断增加，并且挤满在世界的各个地方。选项A符合题意。（9）考查逻辑关系。文章倒数第二段提到 our eventual moon colony “我们最后的月球聚居地”。所以选项B符合题意。（10）考查介词词组辨析。apart from “除 之外”；with regard to “关于，至于”；with the exception of “除了 之外”；in spite of “尽管”。空格处所在句子的句意是：尽管我们的

49、身体有很多局限，但是我们的身体设备有很多的潜能。选项D符合题意。（11）考查名词词义辨析。ability “能力”；potential “潜能”；capability “才能，能力”；possibility “可能性”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第40题，选项B符合题意。（12）考查动词词义辨析。maneuver “机动；演习”；manage “管理；经营”；manipulate “操纵；操作”；manufacture “制造；加工；捏造”。空格处句子所在句意：我们有着极好的视力和一双能精确使用物体上的双手，这是其他动物无法相比的。选项C符合题意。（13）考查名词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意参

50、考第42题。根据空格前的 any other 可知空格处需要填入一个可数名词的单数形式，选项A符合题意。（14）考查形容词词义辨析。infinite “无限的，无穷的”；unknown “未知的；不出名的”；boundless“无限的，无边无际的”；ceaseless“不断的；不停的”。空格处所在句子的句意是：更重要的是，我们拥有几乎无限数量神经连接的大脑。选项A符合题意。（15）考查名词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意参考第44题。选项A符合题意。（16）考查介词辨析。for “为了；因为；给”；to “到；向”；with “用；随着；和 在一起”；by “通过；被；经由”。空格处所在句子的句

51、意是：如果我们居住在北极区，我们通过衣服、遮盖物和人造的取暖设备来供应我们热带身体所需的保暖。可知空格处需要填的介词有“通过”的意思，选项D符合题意。（17）考查形容词词义辨析。artificial “人造的；仿造的；虚伪的”；fake “伪造的”；unreal “不真实的；假的”；unauthentic “不确实的；不真实的”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第46题，选项A符合题意。（18）考查动词词组辨析。add up “合计；加起来”；break up “打碎；结束”；make up “组成；补足；编造”；cut up “切碎”。_ deficits(差额) 与 “by transportin

52、g supplies from distant places”(通过从远方运送补给) 可知对应的是“补足差额”。选项 C符合题意。（19）考查固定搭配。It was not always thus / that way “事情也不总是那样”。选项B符合题意。（20）考查名词词义辨析。intellect “智力；知识分子”；equipment “设备，装备；器材”；competence “胜任；能力”；culture “文化”。文章倒数第二段提到“我们人类用身体设备，比如手和大脑等创造了对我们生存和成功至关重要的文化”，而最后一段提到我们的祖先不会使用这些设备，可以推断是缺乏相应的文化。空格处所

53、在句子的句意是：他们没有文化，也缺乏使用自身身体设备的能力。选项D符合题意。11.单选题The （ ）of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually makes jobs easier to do.问题1选项A.additionB.applicationC.associationD.affection【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。addition “添加”；application “应用；申请”；association “协会；联盟”；affection “感情；影响”。句意：新的科学发现应用在

54、工业生产上使得工作更容易。选项B符合题意。12.单选题Whenever possible, Ian （ ）how well he speaks Japanese.问题1选项A.shows upB.shows aroundC.shows offD.shows out【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。show up “显而易见，到场”；show around “带 参观”；show off “炫耀，展示”；show out “送出（客人）”。句意：只要有可能，伊恩就会向我们炫耀他说日语的能力。选项C符合题意。13.单选题（ ） her interest in children, teaching

55、 should be the right career for her.问题1选项A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.To give【答案】C【解析】考查given的特殊语法。given 充当介词，意思是“考虑到”。句意：考虑到她对孩子的兴趣，教学工作应该是她正确的职业。选项C符合题意。14.单选题His（ ） that he had nothing to do with the affair was greeted with some suspicion.问题1选项A.necessityB.statementC.promotionD.disposal【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨

56、析。necessity “需要；必然性；必需品”；statement “声明；陈述”；promotion “提升，晋升；推销”；disposal“处理；支配”。句意：他声称自己与此事无关，受到了一些质疑。选项B符合题意。15.单选题It has long been known that the rate of oxidative metabolism (the process that uses oxygen to convert food into energy) in any animal has a profound effect on its living patterns. The

57、high metabolic rate of small animals, for example, gives them sustained power and activity per unit of weight, but at the cost of requiring constant consumption of food and water. Very large animals, with their relatively low metabolic rates, can survive well on a sporadic food supply, but can gener

58、ate little metabolic energy per gram of body weight. If only oxidative metabolic rate is considered, therefore, one might assume that smaller, more active, animals could prey on larger ones, at least if they attacked in groups. Perhaps they could if it were not for anaerobic glycolysis, the great eq

59、ualizer.Anaerobic glycolysis is a process in which energy is produced, without oxygen, through the breakdown of muscle glycogen into lactic acid and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy provider. The amount of energy that can be produced anaerobically is a function of the amount of glycogen pres

60、ent in all vertebrates about 0.5 percent of their muscles net weight. Thus the anaerobic energy reserves of a vertebrate are proportional to the size of the animal. If, for example, some predators had attacked a 100-ten dinosaur, normally torpid, the dinosaur would have been able to generate almost