完型填空课件-2

1、四级完型填空题的解题方法与技巧 全力以赴，以态度改变人生； 永不言败，以执着成就未来。 第一部分 概述新老四级题型的对比 及需要注意的问题 知己知彼，百战不殆。老四级题型包括以下5部分：一是听力理解20题20分，时间20分钟；二是阅读理解20题40分，时间35分钟；三是词汇用法与语法结构30题15分，时间20分钟；四是完形填空或简答或英译汉，20题或5题，共10分，时间15分钟；最后是写作1题15分，时间30分钟。合计91题，100分，时间120分钟。 新四级由四大部分构成：听力理解时间35分钟，包括两个部分：听力对话占15%，含8个短对话共8道多项选择题和2个长对话共7道多项选择题；听力短文

2、占20%：含3篇短文理解共10道多项选择题和一篇短文复合式听写共8词3句。听力理解占总分的35%，合计249分。新四级由四大部分构成阅读理解时间40分钟，分为两个部分：仔细阅读理解时间25分钟，占25%，含两个小部分(篇章阅读理解包括2篇文章10道多项选择题；篇章词汇理解或短句问答是一篇文章，考法是15选10的选词填空或简答)；快速阅读理解时间15分钟，占10%，包括是非判断7题及句子填空或其它3题。阅读理解占总分的35%，合计149分。完形填空或改错时间15分钟，1篇文章，20道多项选择题或改错，占总分的10%，合计70分。写作和翻译时间35分钟，分为两个部分：写作时间30分钟，占15%，共

3、106分；中译英时间5分钟，占5%，共36分。合计20%，142分。 考试顺序：答题时间共125分钟，顺序是：写作、快速阅读、听力、仔细阅读、完型填空和汉译英。考生首先在答题卡1上完成写作部分。30分钟后，监考员发试题册，考生在接着的15分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题。然后，监考员收回答题卡1。考生在答题卡2上完成其余部分的试题。需要注意的问题：通过对比，我们发现：新四级60%的题型沿用了老四级题型，加入了40%的新题型。题型增加，题量加大，速度要求加快；但同时每种题型的难度降低。同时，从2005年6月起，四级考试成绩开始采用满分为710分的计分体制，不设及格线；成绩报道方式由考试合格证书改

4、为成绩报告单，即考后向每位考生发放成绩报告单，报道内容包括：总分及听力、阅读、完型或改错、写作四项单项分。需要注意的问题新四级考试取消了词语用法和语法结构、英译汉两种过时题型，而完型填空和写作没有任何变化。听力的比例提高到35%，短对话、短文理解和短文听写沿用了老四级的题型，只有长对话是新题型，只是题材选用对话、讲座、广播电视节目等更具真实性的材料。阅读部分下降为35%，其中篇章阅读理解沿用了老四级题型，篇章词汇理解和快速阅读是新题型。同时增加了中译英和六级的改错题型。 英语四级新题型分析阅读篇新增选词填空和快速阅读 新四级阅读理解的分值比重由过去的40%下降到35%.在测试内容方面，仔细阅读

5、的文章减少至两篇，新增加了选词填空和快速阅读。选词填空考查方式为：从一篇220字左右的文章中，留出10个单词的空格，从给出的15个备选单词中选出10个填入空格处，使文章意思通顺，表达正确。这部分主要考查考生对词汇的认知和语法的理解。另外，快速阅读要求在15分钟内完成一篇1200字左右的文章和后面的10道题，前7个是判断正误题，后3个是填空题。由此不难看出，“快速+准确”是今后四级阅读部分考查的重点。 英语四级新题型分析听力部分在改革后的新四级中将呈现以下几个特点：(1)加大分值比重。从分值上看，由原来的20%增加到了35%，和阅读理解平分秋色，可以看出改革之后听力在四级考试中的重要性。(2)增

6、加听力难度。从题型上看，增加了长对话。长对话要求考生注意力更加集中。(3)淡化答题技巧。新四级试题中看选项就能直接得出正确答案的题目越来越少。可以预见，原来那些所谓的解题技巧在今后的新四级中将逐步淡出舞台。 英语四级新题型分析综合篇不能忽视改错和简要回答 综合部分主要包括完型填空或改错、汉译英或简要回答问题。此次最新样题中在综合部分出现了完型填空和汉译英，但在大学英语四级考试(CET-4)试点考试样卷中有这样一句话值得各位考生注意：四、六级考试改革项目组和考试委员会在试测的基础上设计了本样卷，即改革后四级考试的范型卷。实际考试中，可根据附表中所描述的框架结构，采用与样卷不完全相同的题型。所以考

7、生在备考过程中改错和简要回答也是需要精心准备的。 英语四级新题型分析语法词汇篇融入其他题型 自2004年6月以来，语法题就彻底退出了四级舞台，但这并不意味着四级考生可以忽视语法的重要性。在大学英语四级考试(CET-4)试点考试样卷中，第六部分出现了五道汉译英试题，共35分(710分制)，当中至少有两道题涉及到了语法知识点；最新样题的第四部分选词填空，既考查考生对词汇意思的掌握，又考查了一些基本的语法知识点。此外词汇部分在改革后的四级中也将不复存在，而将考查融入到了其他部分。在未来新四级中，要求的核心词汇量应在2500词左右。 第二部分 Cloze for CET-4 完形填空专项 自信才能成功

8、，而自信是建立在对 事物深刻认识的基础之上的。一、完型填空题的设计填空(Cloze)又称综合填空，其命题原理是格式塔心理学。格式塔心理学强调整体感知，完形填空测试的就是考生结合上下文的语境(context)对英语的整体感知能力。一篇完形填空测试考生的什么能力，这与短文的空格设计密切相关。如果空格要求学生填入连词、介词、冠词等，则空格为功能性空格；如果要求填入名词、形容词、动词等实义词，则空格为语义空格。目前，完形填空试题的题目难度不断加大，重点从传统项目题逐渐转到对整体预感的测试和整个语篇的理解，所以根据上下文选择词汇的题目比例正在增大。一、完型填空题的设计设计者遵循一定的要求和准则，以保证测

9、试的信度和效度。所给的空有规则的排列，大约在近250字的文章中每隔816字就有一个空格，而且是按照一定的间隔并根据语法或词汇测试的标准设计的。这些空格表面看起来没有什么意义，实际上综合了词汇、语法结构以及阅读理解所要测试的内容，它不仅测试应试者在词汇和句子水平上运用语言的能力，还测试应试者在语篇上综合运用语言结构的能力。完形填空中所填的词是与文章的上下文紧密联系的。所以难度较大，往往成为学生失分较严重的题项。一、完型填空题的设计从内容看，完型填空涉及说明文，议论文等众多文体体裁，而题裁更涉及到社会领域的方方面面，政治、经济、文化、教育、医学、天文、体育、科技等等。所以考生具备大量的背景知识也是

10、格外重要的。二、完型填空题的做题步骤完形填空的测试点及解题方法从表面来看，就是要求考生把每个句子中删掉的词恢复出来。因此，要做好完形填空，必须要在通读全文、把握结构与大意的前提下，根据所提供的选项及句子的结构、语法、语篇等信息，通过逻辑推理、对比等手段最后确定答案。根据完形填空这一测试特点，一般采取以下五个步骤逐一进行。步骤一，通读全篇，把握总的思想，了解知识背景。完形填空题在出题时有这样一条准则：去掉20个空不影响对整篇的理解，而且一般而言，短文的前两句话不应设题。我们应该细读文章首句，因为这是我们了解文章的“窗口”。这样，我们就可以判断体裁、把握背景、推测大意、主题或结构。这一点很重要。在

11、阅读文章的过程中，学生积极搜集头脑中已有的相关知识，结合文章内容形成对文章的整体把握，我们称之为图式。图式能够帮助我们对文章内容产生期待，能够简化推断，并在随后的阅读中，不断修正，以求与原文一致。比如，Three girls went walking in the woods. They were enjoying themselves so much that they forgot the time and stayed too long. A dragon kidnapped1. 诱拐(小孩等) 2. 绑架;劫持 them. As they were be dragging off. T

12、hey cried for help. Three heroes heard the cries and set off their horses to rescue the girls. One possible result: The heroes came and fought with the dragon and rescued the girls. Then the heroes returned the daughters to their places. Maybe, you can guess that the three girls married the three me

13、n respectively. 如果我们对文章非常熟悉，那么文章内容与你头脑中的图式相结合，你解题将会势如破竹，一发不可收拾。又如： Writing in a diary, watching television, talking with friends, speaking on the telephone, and reading a menu-what do they have in common? . Thus, _ may be defined as the means by which people exchange feelings and ideas with each oth

14、er. A. information B. learning C. communication D. acquisition 步骤二，选择答案。有两种选择答案的方法：一，可以不看选项，自己猜测正确答案，然后再在选项当中选择最接近自己猜测的一项。二，可以将选项带入空格内检测。按照先易后难的原则，即首先选出那些只根据上下文就能确定的直接的明显的答案。这就增强了信心，减轻了心理压力。然后瞻前顾后，不要忘记首尾照应。另外，要牢记文章的中心思想，每个空白处的含义应与前后句的意义联系起来理解。步骤三，为不确定答案寻找线索。 文章前面的空格提出的问题很有可能要到文章的末尾才才能找到答案。所以，对于那些难度颇

15、高的空格只有在字里行间寻找线索。一定要上下连贯，合乎逻辑。步骤四，回头补缺 我们不提倡在一个题上耽误太多的时间。如果有一个不会我们可以暂时放过，继续思路做下面的题，等通篇做完后再回过头来考虑这个选项。切忌，一定要保证思维的连续性和统一性。步骤五，核实答案。 我们可以从以下几方面对所选答案进行核查： 1)所选择的单词或短语是否符合本句内容，使上下文连贯和谐，与全文意义相协调； 2)所选择的单词或短语是否符合某种固定搭配；3)所选择的单词或短语是否符合某种句型、时态、语态的特殊要求，如虚拟语气从句中的谓语动词用原形(过去式、过去完成式)；4)所选词本身或附近的词有无特殊要求，如有些动词后面只接动名

16、词而不能接不定式。 5)保持自信，不要轻易否定以前选过的选项。必要时对个别答案仍需推敲，发现不妥，要重新考虑，但应慎重，无确实把握，仍应相信第一印象。三、完型填空题的考察内容词汇第一、 词义辨析 （词）（单词的掌握，基本义） 例1 That “something special” was men creative individuals who could invent machines, find new 75 of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society. A) origins (由来,出身) B) so

17、urces C) bases D) discoveries第二、 形近词辨异例1 Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper, she 75 everyone that the pilot had fainted and asked if any of the passengers knew anything about machines or at least how to drive a car. A) inquired B) insured C) informed D) instructed例2 Following 88 , the man guid

18、ed the plane toward the airfield. A) impression B) information C) inspections D) instructions例3 Never ask a child whether he likes or dislikes a food and never discuss likes and dislikes in front of him or allow 66 else to do so. A everybody B anybody C somebody D nobody例4 A. encourages(鼓励) B. enabl

19、es（使能够） C. enforces（强制） D. ensures（确保）例5 A. attraction(吸引力) B. attention（注意力） C. affection（爱情，亲密） D. motion（动作）例6 (兼考搭配关系) A. interfered（in干涉） B. interrupted （打断，中断） C. discouraged （from不鼓励做） D. disturbed（打扰，干扰）例7 A. desired(渴望，想得到) B. revised（修订，修正） C. required（需要，要求） D. deserved （值得，应得）第三、 词语搭配例1

20、The man had to circle the airport several times in order to become 85 with the controls of the plane.A) intimate B) familiar C) understood D) close例2 Did you ever have someones name on the tip of your tongue and yet you were unable to recall it? When this happens again, do not try to recall it. Do s

21、omething 73 for a couple of minutes and the name may come into your head.simple B) apart C) else D) similar例3 A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply, all these were important factors in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. But th

22、ey were not enough. Something 73 was needed to start the industrial process.A) else B) near C) extra 额外的，不包括其中的 D) similar例4 Take it _69_ granted that he likes everything and he probably will A. with B. as C. over D. for例5 But these various means of communication differ in important ways _68_ human

23、language. A. about B. with C. from D. in例6 the great tit(山雀) is a case _77_point. A. in B. at C. of D. for语法：（句）第一、 指代关系例1 The foreign research scholar usually isolates 76 in the laboratory as a means of protection; However, what he needs is to be fitted into a highly organized university system qui

24、te different from 79 at home.76. A) himself B) oneself C) him D) one79. A) those B) which C) what D) that例 2 No two speakers speak in exactly the same way. We can always hear differences 74 them,74. A) between B) among C) of D) from例 3 We can change an utterance by replacing one word in it with _73_

25、. A. ours B. theirs C. another D. others例4 They also suggest that our readers do not call for friends only among those who are most like them, but find many_78_ differ in race. 78. A. people B. who C. what D. friends第二、 虚拟语气例1 Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works

26、; They expect students, particularly graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference sources in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but 84 that their students should not be too dependent on them.84. A) hate B) dislike C) like D) prefer preferthat从句，从句一般用虚拟语气。例：She prefer t

27、hat you should do it.她宁愿你做这件事。例 2 A geographer might be described as one who observes, records, and explains the differences between places. If places 87 alike, there would be little need for geographers. 87. A) being B) are C) be D) were例 3but _63_ you were to move the skin you would not tell anyth

28、ing about the race to which the individual belonged. A. since B. if C. as D. while第三、 倒装知识要点: 倒装分完全倒装与部分倒装两种类型，重点是部分倒装，即只有系动词、助动词和情态动词参与的倒装。常见的倒装结构可以分为四大类：1、 否定倒装。指否定副词或否定的副词性结构（hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, little, nowhere, not once ，under no circumstances, in no way， no sooner than）用于句首时所导致的倒装。

29、如：Vitamins do not provide energy, _42_ do they construct or build any part of the body. A. either B. so C. nor D. never 2、 虚拟倒装。指在IF引导的虚拟条件句中，将IF省略，把should, had, were提至主语前，形成倒装。 e.g. Were I you, Ill never promise to do that.3、省略倒装。涉及词语包括so, neither, nor 例如 _70_ does size have anything to do with int

30、elligence.A. Only B. Or C. Nor D. So4、强调倒装。为突出强调某一成分而将它提至句首时，实行倒装：句子结构要求倒装：如： a. so 倒装句 b. 以某些表示肯定的副词开头作状语：only, often， then, so c. 以某些表示否定的副词开头作状语；little, hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, nowhere, not once d. 某些表示否定的副词短语开头作状语: under no circumstances, in no way, no sooner than, hardly/scarcely/barel

31、ywhen/before e. As作“虽然但是”解时用半倒装。第四、从句和强调句型 例 1 The word geography comes from two Greek words, ge, the Greek word for “earth” and graphing, 75 means “to write”. A) what B) that C) which D) it例 2 but a bird has a single alarm cry, _75_ means “danger!” A. this B. that C. which D. it例 3 These secondary

32、routes may go up steep slopes, along high cliffs, or down frightening hillsides to towns lying in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places 88 the air is clean and the scenery (风景) is beautiful, A) there B) when C) which D) where 第三、 语篇考查 （篇）例 1 T

33、he United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. Although these wide modern roads are generally smooth and well maintained, with 73 sharp curves and many straight sections, a direct route is not al

34、ways the most _75_ one. Large high ways often pass 76 scenic areas and interesting small towns.73. A) little B) few C) much D) many75. A) terrible B) possible C) enjoyable D) profitable76. A) to B) into C) over D) by例 2 When research is assigned, the professor expects the student to take it actively

35、 and to complete it with 79 guidance. It is the students responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works; 79. A) maximum B) minimum C) possible D) practical四、完型填空题的相应对策针对出题者的考察内容，我们有以下相应的对策： 第一种：词义与词形辨析 四

36、级完形考察词汇不外乎同义词、反义词、形近词，和词的精确用法。我们应该了解高频词的近义词、反义词，形近词和词汇的基本义。例如， 1) Geographers compare and contrast _ places in the world. A. similar B. various C. distant D. famous 2) The findings _ that issues of trust and betrayal are central to friendship. A. secure (保护) B. assure（保证） C. confirm（证实 ) D. resolve（

37、决心，解决）3) The big shops, beautifully decorated and brightly lit, stay open long after dark. Shop owners like Christmas because it is a time when people _ presents. A. change B. exchange C. transfer （转移）D. transform （转变）第二种：运用上下文逻辑关系填词。对上下文逻辑关系的考察是完形填空题区别于单纯句子理解的要点之一，也是处理语篇的重要特点。这就牵扯到有关语篇知识，这也是四级考察学生综

38、合运用语言能力的题型之一。语篇结构，顾名思义，是指在一定的情景下，作者的谋篇布局、衔接连贯、提供信息等等。为了把文章很好的组织起来，作者除了在句子内部用指代（前指，后指）、省略、连接外，还会运用到一些句与句之间的连词来表达并列、转折、对比、列举、原因、结果、让步、补充等关系。下面我们给大家一些常考的连接词： 表示并列关系的：and, on the one hand, on the other, (也可表对比)表示转折关系的：however, nevertheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, etc.

39、表示对比关系的：on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, etc.表示补充关系的：also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, whats more, notbut, not only but also, etc.表示让步关系的：although, though, no matter , even if, 表示原因关系的：because, since, as, for,

40、now that, considering that, seeing that, in that, in as much as, on account of the fact that, for fear that, on the ground that, etc.表示结果关系的：so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result, etc.表示列举关系的：first, second, third,firstly, secondly, next, in the first place, for one thing

41、, to begin with, to conclude, etc.1) There are four types of blood. _ types are found in every race, and no types is distinct to any race. A. All B. Most C. No D. Some (上下文)2) The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection; _ what he really needs is

42、to be fitted into a highly organized university system. A. otherwise B. moreover C. however D. also （逻辑关系）3) Earths animals are disappearing faster than they reproduce. Because there is too little research and too much ignorance, _ is aware of how much we are losing. A. anyone B. no one C. someone D

43、. either one 4) This act (法案) was formed to protect endangered species. _, land developers and factory owners disagree. A. However B. Furthermore C. Therefore D. Though第三种：固定搭配1) We judge race usually _ the coloring of the race: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. A. in B. fr

44、om C. at D. on 2) Unlike other social roles that we are expected to _1_- as citizens, employees, members of professional societies and _2_ organizations, it has its own principle. A. keep B. do C. show D. play A. all B. any C. other D. those第四种：结构识别but, not only but also, some others, 等词组结构和一些重要的句型结

45、构。There is no doubt that , so/suchthat, the sameas, it is that强调句型等等。Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. The harder you work, the more progress you make. 1）They also suggested that our readers do not look for friends only among those who are most like th

46、em, _ find many who differ in race. A. only B. and C. but D. then2）Lets look at this definition in more detail because it is language, more than anything else, _62_ distinguishes man from the rest of the animal world. A. that B. it C. as D. what 第五种：一些重点单词的特殊用法Professors should _ repeating in lectur

47、es material that is in the textbook. A. refuse B. prohibit C. prevent D. avoidDespite the growing rate of divorce, but couples are now taking a different approach _ those wedding vows(誓言). A. making B. make C. to making D. to make a new approach to language teaching第六种：语法大项。对语法的考察主要集中在定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动

48、词、主谓一致、逻辑主语、宾语，句型句式等内容上。学生应加强对此类语法的复习。 1）The king placed wealth and power at Wagners disposal and made possible the building of a place- house, _ Wagners works could be performed (表演). A. and B. because C. there D. where2）Formal learning is de-contextualized(非语境化的) from daily life and indeed, _ Scib

49、ner and Cole have observed, may actually “promote ways of learning and thinking ”. A. like B. as （连词，用于分句之前） C. what D. which She enjoys all kinds of music, as I do. 她各种音乐都喜欢，和我一样。五、完型填空的解题技巧 技巧一：词汇手段（利用词汇复现）1、 原词复现 例 1： but it is the subconscious (下意识的) 78 that go to work to dig up a dim memory. Me

50、anwhile, deeper mental activities in the subconscious mind are taking place. A) deeds B) activities C) movements D) procedures2、同根词复现 例 1 ：Even if a grade is not given, the student is 77 for learning the material assigned. It is the students responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in t

51、he library. A) criticized B) innocent C) responsible D) dismissed例2： India or West Africa, where there is a long 81 of speaking English for general communication purposes, you should On the other hand, if you live in a country where there is no traditional use of English， A) custom B) use C) traditi

52、on D) habit例3：These firms compete for sales. They try to learn just what the demand will be so that they can supply exactly what the consumers want. _ keeps the quality of goods from falling very low. A. Need B. Competition C. Demand D. Consumer 3、上下义或同义词复现例1：Both the visiting professor and his stud

53、ents lack background in each others cultures. Some 82 of what is already in the minds of American students is required by the foreign professor. A. concept B. feeling C. plan D. intelligence 例2：As a result, the trip had to be canceled, and they returned home _ and unhappy. A. disappointed B. disappo

54、intedly C. tired D. tiredly 4、解释型复现例1：Our new house is very _ for me as I can get to the office in five minutes. A adaptable B comfortable C convenient D available技巧二：同现词汇的同现关系指词汇共同出现的倾向性。在语篇中，围绕一定的话题，一定的词往往会同时出现，这些词语属于同一个词汇套，形成了词汇链，因此，每当我们遇到了其中的一个词语时，根据情境便会联想到词汇套中的其他词语。比如，提到教室一词，下面出现的词可能就是：blackboa

55、rd, desk, students, chair, floor, lights, etc. 例1：My grandmother worked hard all day, making butter, washing clothes, cleaning the house, and even _ in the field when help was scarce. A. worked B. working C. did D. doing 例2：For example, there was the time I called in（叫来，召来） a _ to fix my air-conditi

56、oner before it was too warm. A. worker B. fixer C. repairman D. painter 例3：I usually have the problem of parents coming in and telling me how they really _ their kids. They tell me they stand over them（监督） when they do their homework. They check their work and make a big fuss（过分关注） over their grades

57、. They criticize the kids over everything having to do with school A. like B. treat C. hate D. make 技巧三：同性元素相斥 例: It was a lightweight, 18-pound craft（太空船）, carrying not animals but sensitive instruments to study the intense bands of（一帮） energy in space _ the Van Allen radiation belts. A. called as B. that is C. named as D. known as Within the next fifteen years man had gone to the moon, searching beneath its _ and dusty soil for signs of life. A. wet B. damp C. moist D. dry damp : 指吸进或覆盖着一点水份，常表示潮湿得使人不舒服。 moist : 指微湿，侧重不干，但并非湿得使人不快。