link-22-functional-architecture：链接22功能结构课件

1、link-22-functional-architecture：链接22功能结构课件LINK 22 PRESENTATIONCDR Antonio Scarciglia Italian Representative To The NILE PMODr. Kevin BuckNILE Program ManagerINFORMATION NOT RELEASEABLE FOR COMMERCIAL USE OR BEYOND IMMEDIATE AUDIENCE WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION OF THE NILE PMOLINK 22 PRESENTATIONCDR Ant

2、oniOUTLINELINK 22 BackgroundFunctional ArchitectureOperational CharacteristicsTechnical CharacteristicsLINK 22 On-The-Air TestOUTLINELINK 22 BackgroundLINK 22 BACKGROUNDOBJECTIVE OF THE NILE PROGRAMDesign a New Tactical Data Link System (Link 22) Consisting of a Computer to Computer Digital Data Lin

3、k Among Tactical Data Systems Equipped Ships, Submarines, Aircraft and Shore Sites, which will Meet the Requirements of the NATO Staff Requirement, Dated 09 March 1990.LINK 22 BACKGROUNDREQUIREMENTSOperational: NATO Staff Requirement, Revised Mar 90System, Functional and Performance: NATO Elementary

4、 Requirements Document, 12 December 94GOALSReplace Link 11 (Eventually)Complement Link 16Improve Allied InteroperabilityEnhance Commanders War-fighting CapabilityLINK 22 BACKGROUND (Cont.)REQUIREMENTSLINK 22 BACKGROUNDLINK 22 BACKGROUND (Cont.)The Link 22 Has Been Developed Collaboratively by Seven

5、Nations Under the Aegis of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)Six of the Seven NILE Nations Are Conducting The In-Service Support (ISS) Phase Under a New MOU That Came Into Effect on July 2002The Current ISS MOU Will Remain in Effect for Five (5) Years, Until July 2007Spain Has Applied to Join NILEU

6、nited States Is Host NationLINK 22 BACKGROUND (Cont.)The NILE/LINK 22 SCHEDULENILE/LINK 22 SCHEDULENATIONAL LINK 22 PROGRAMSNATIONIN SERVICE DATECANADA2006FRANCE2006GERMANY2006ITALY2006NETHERLANDS2007UNITED KINGDOM2007UNITED STATES2006NATIONAL LINK 22 PROGRAMSNATIOOUTLINELINK 22 BackgroundFunctional

7、 ArchitectureOperational CharacteristicsTechnical CharacteristicsLINK 22 On-The-Air TestOUTLINELINK 22 BackgroundLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURENILE Communications Equipment (NCE)Link 22 SystemLLCSNCDLPTDSRadioSPCSPCRadioSPCRadioSPCRadioMLTT & NRS NationalDevelopmentNational DevelopmentNILEProductsN

8、ILE ProductsLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURETactical Data System (TDS)National Development ActivityData Link Processor (DLP)National Development Activity (Based on Common Interoperability Requirements)System Network Controller (SNC)Development Complete Software Available

9、 Through NILE PMO and NILE NationsLink Level COMSEC Device (LLC)Available By December 2003LLC Simulator AvailableLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURENILE Communications Equipment (NCE)Link 22 SystemLLCSNCDLPTDSRadioSPCSPCRadioSPCRadioSPCRadioMLTT & NRS NationalDevelopmentNat

10、ional DevelopmentLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE Data Link Processing (DLP)Interfaces with National TDSServices Tactical Data (STANAG 5522)Implements ADatP-22 ProceduresInterfaces with the SNCLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURENILE Communicatio

11、ns Equipment (NCE)Link 22 SystemLLCSNCDLPTDSRadioSPCSPCRadioSPCRadioSPCRadioMLTT & NRS NationalDevelopmentNational DevelopmentLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURESYSTEM NETWORK CONTROLLER (SNC)Common Software Development Ensures InteroperabilityProvides Message Delivery Serv

12、iceProvides Network Management Capabilities via Management Function (MF)Performs Dynamic TDMA, Relay & Routing, Late Network EntryInterfaces: DLP and LLCPortable to Standard COTS HardwareTested in WinNT, HPUX and Solaris Operating EnvironmentsLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITEC

13、TURENILE Communications Equipment (NCE)Link 22 SystemLLCSNCDLPTDSRadioSPCSPCRadioSPCRadioSPCRadioMLTT & NRS NationalDevelopmentNational DevelopmentLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURELINK LEVEL COMSEC (LLC) Provides Communications Security (COMSEC)Data Integrity Checksum Gua

14、rds Against Undetected Message ErrorsChipset Commonality with Link-16Each LLC Supports up to 4 Nile Networks (NN) Using Same KEYSNC supports up to 4 LLCs with Same/Different KEYLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURENILE Communications Equipment (NCE)Link 22 SystemLLCSNCDLPTDSR

15、adioSPCSPCRadioSPCRadioSPCRadioMLTT & NRS NationalDevelopmentNational DevelopmentLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURESIGNAL PROCESSING CONTROLLER (SPC)National Development ResponsibilityPerforms Modulation/Demodulation, EDAC (Error Detection and Correction) and Reception Qua

16、lity AssessmentInterface: LLC, Radio and Time Of Day StandardTOD must be accurate to within 1 millisecond of UTCTransmits/Receives Data:HF FF 1493 to 4053 bpsSTANAG-4539HF EPM 500 to 2200 bpsSTANAG-4444UHF FF 12,667 bpsSTANAG-4205UHF EPM ClassifiedSTANAG-4372 LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURLINK 22 FU

17、NCTIONAL ARCHITECTURENILE Communications Equipment (NCE)Link 22 SystemLLCSNCDLPTDSRadioSPCSPCRadioSPCRadioSPCRadioMLTT & NRS NationalDevelopmentNational DevelopmentLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURERADIO SYSTEMS HF FF and UHF FF Utilize Existing Link 11 RadiosHF FF: 3 KHz

18、Upper Sideband Audio Port on HF RadiosUHF FF: 16 Kbps (KY-58) Port on UHF RadiosHF EPM and UHF EPM Require Frequency Hopping Radio Systems: National Development ResponsibilityLink 22 Requirements Incorporated into EPM Radio STANAGs (4444 And 4372)EPM Radios require Transmission Security (TRANSEC) De

19、vice to Control Frequency Hopping PatternsEPM Radios May Require Interface to Time Of Day StandardLINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTUROUTLINELINK 22 BackgroundFunctional ArchitectureOperational CharacteristicsTechnical CharacteristicsLINK 22 On-The-Air TestOUTLINELINK 22 BackgroundIMPROVEMENT OF LINK 11Li

20、nk 22 Overcomes The Following Link 11 Limitations:Lack of Electronic Protection Measures (EPM)Insufficient Capacity in Terms of Tactical Message ThroughputInsufficient Robustness (esp. Reliance on NCS)Insufficient Error Detection and CorrectionInflexible and Slow Data Link ProceduresMessage Standard

21、 LimitationsLimited RoutingIMPROVEMENT OF LINK 11Link 22 LINK 11 OPERATION VICE LINK22DifferencesLink 22 Has No Net Control StationLink 11 Does Not Distiguish Between Urgent and Routine InformationLink 22 Has Built In RelayCommonalitiesThe Same Frequencies (HF And UHF Fixed Frequency)The Same Radios

22、 (HF And UHF FF)Thats It!Link 22 Has More In Common With Link 16 Than Link 11LINK 11 OPERATION VICE LINK22DLink 11 Roll Call6456646404NCS5604Link 11 Roll Call6456646404NCSMulti-NetworkMulti-Network MembershipLINK 22 OPERATIONSNU15NU21NU19NU10NU24NU17NU9NU 23NU20NU13NU14NU9NU16ISNU6NU11NU2NU2NU6NU9NU

23、7NU12NU1NU3Interrupt SlotNU5NU9NU17ISNU18NU26NU8NU16NU24NU7NU15NN1 - HFNN2 HF EPMNN4 UHF EPMNN3 - UHFMulti-MediaSNMulti-NetworkLINK 22 OPERATIONLINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICSKEY FEATURESDynamic Time Division Multiple AccessDynamic Congestion ManagementMulti-Media/Multi-NetworkRouting and Relay

24、Mission Area Sub NetworksLate Network EntryDynamic Reconfiguration/InitializationLINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERITime Division Multiple Access (TDMA)NILE Units (NUs) Have Pre-assigned Time SlotsInterrupt Slot Available for Injection of High Priority MessagesTime Slots Can be Dynamically Exchanged or M

25、odified (DTDMA)LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICSNU2NU7NU8NU3NU4NU6NU5NU1Interrupt SlotNU3Time Division Multiple Access LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICSThe Group of all NUs is Known as the Super Network (SN)A SN Can Consist of a Maximum Number of 125 NILE Units (NU)SN Consists of up to 8 NILE Ne

26、tworks (NN)A NU Can Participate in up to 4 NN on Same Media/Different MediaThe Link 22 Message Consists of 72 bitsEach Tactical Message Is Based on Link 16Data Elements (STANAG 5522)LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERILINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICSDynamic Congestion ManagementToo much information for

27、 the available capacityAsk for more capacity (DTDMA)Ask the DLP for message cancel authorizationUse alternative routeRevise the amount of data to betransmittedLINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERILINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICSAutomatic Routing and RelayControl of Relayers Available NN 3NN 1LINK 22 OPE

28、RATIONAL CHARACTERILINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICSUp to Twenty Three (23) Mission Area Sub Networks May be EstablishedMASNs are an Addressing SchemeSUPER NETWORKNILE NETWORK 3NILE NETWORK 2NILE NETWORK 1MASN 1MASN 3MASN 2LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERILINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICSLate Netwo

29、rk Entry (LNE)The Purpose of LNE Is to Allow Units Which Were Not Present at the Start of a NN/SN to JoinLNE is Used when a NU is Completely New, i.e. It Was Not Listed in the Optask Link Message (OLM) and/or when Media Parameters Have Changed From That in the OLMLNE Includes Now a “Silent Join” Opt

30、ion that Allows a Unit to Join the Network Without Making Any TransmissionOperator Input is MinimalConsidered to be an Automated Background ActivityLINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERILINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICSDynamic ReconfigurationEach NN can be reconfigured:DTDMA (On or Off)Network Cycle Struc

31、ture (NCS)The SN/NN Will Keep Operating During The Above ReconfigurationsRe-InitializationNew NNs can be started after SN InitializationEach NN can change Frequency, Waveform and Crypto Integrity ModeLINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERINU 1: CN=LOWAD=SHORTNU 2: CN=MED-LOW AD=MED-SHORTNU 3: CN=MED-LOW AD=M

32、ED-SHORTNU 4: CN=MED-HIGH AD=MED-SHORTNETWORK CYCLE STRUCTURECASE 123 MSNCT = 2.59 secNU 1: CN=LOWNU 2: CN=MED-LOWNUNU 1: CN=HIGHAD=SHORTNU 2: CN=MED-HIGH AD=MED-SHORTNU 3: CN=MED-LOW AD=MED-LONGNU 4: CN=LOW AD=LONGNETWORK CYCLE STRUCTURECASE 230 MSNCT = 3.375 secNU 1: CN=HIGHNU 2: CN=MED-HIGHNCS CO

33、MPUTATION RESULTSNU #CNAD1LOWSHORT2MED-LOWMED-SHORT3MED-LOWMED-SHORT4MED-HIGHMED-SHORTNU #CNAD1HIGHSHORT2MED-HIGHMED-SHORT3MED-LOWMED-LONG4LOWLONG23 MSNCT = 2.59 sec30 MSNCT = 3.375 secNCS COMPUTATION RESULTSNU #CNALINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICSMultiple Link 22 Networks Supplement Link 16.Link

34、22 Extends Multi-media Communication Capabilities to HF and UHF Frequency Bands.Link 22 Provides Enhanced Networking Capabilities.Link 22 and Link 16 Utilize Common Data Structures.LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERILINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICSMultiple Link 22 Networks Complement Link 16Link 16 Is

35、 Primarily an AAW Data LinkFrequently Relies on Airborne RelaysLink 22, Originally Defined as Primarily Maritime (ASW/ASUW), Is More a General Purpose Data LinkExtended Surface Wave and Long Range Sky Wave HFShip-Ship Relay Networking Extends Connectivity Link 22 Can Free up Additional Capacity for

36、Link 16Conversely, Link 22 Is Essential for Carrying Data that will Be “Pushed Off” of Link 16 During High Intensity ConflictsLINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERILINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICSExtends Multi-Media Communication Capabilities to HF and UHF Frequency Bands:Cost Effective Use of Existing L

37、ink 11 HF and UHF RadiosRelaying via Multiple Link 22 NetworksRemains Available When Airborne Relay UnavailableAlso provides Time/Frequency/Angle-of-Arrival DiversityAnti-jam capability via STANAG Compliant HF-EPM and UHF-EPM Radios (optional)LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERILINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACT

38、ERISTICSLink 22 Provides Enhanced Networking CapabilitiesNodeless TDMA, Continues to Operate Without Network ManagersEnhanced Connectivity, Via Automatic Routing and RelayInterrupt Slots to Report High Priority MessagesOn-going Capacity Reallocation Via Dynamic TDMAAutomated Optimization of Time Slo

39、t AllocationsAutomated Link Establishment and Re-configurationAutomated Late Net EntryLINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERILINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICSLink 22 and Link 16 Utilize Common Data Structures:Most are FJ-series Messages (Same as J-Series)Efficient F-series Messages Use Many Common Data Ele

40、mentsCommon JU/NU and Track Number (TN) Schemes.Supports Participant Location and Identification (PLI) TracksSame Geodetic Coordinate SystemNo Complicated Link 16 to/from Link 22 Data TranslationsLINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERIOUTLINELINK 22 BackgroundFunctional ArchitectureOperational Characteristic

41、sTechnical CharacteristicsLINK 22 On-The-Air TestOUTLINELINK 22 BackgroundLINK 22 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSMedia Types: HF FF, HF EPM, UHF FF and UHF EPMCoverage: Up to 1000 nautical milesJam Resistance:Signal Processing with Error Detectionand Correction, Network PacketEncryption (COMSEC) and ECMre

42、sistance (TRANSEC)System Error Resistance: Goal of Bit Error Rate in Order of 10-4Robustness: Non-nodal, Relay Available, Multiple Sub-Nets and Dynamic Route SelectionMedium Access: Dynamic Time Division Multiple Access LINK 22 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTBLOS TACTICAL DATA LINKSLink-16 Line of SightLink

43、22 UHF LOSJRELink 22 HF BLOSLink 22 Routing & RelayBLOS TACTICAL DATA LINKSLink-1LINK 22 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSThroughput:HF FF(QPSK max) 31 messages/sec (8PSK max) 45 messages/secUHF FFApprox 150 messages/sec(Multi-Network Capability Makes These Numbers Bigger)User Data Rate:HF FF: 1493 4053bpsH

44、F EPM: 500 2200bpsUHF FF: 12667bpsUHF EPM: ClassifiedIts a Good Data Rate Considering a Narrow Bandwidth (W) and a Noisy Channel (Shannon Theorem Tells Us What is the Best We Can Do)LINK 22 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTLINK 22 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSHF FF: 6 Waveforms QPSK/8PSK, RS CodingUHF FF: 3 Wavefo

45、rms, 16 Kbps NRZ FM, RS CodingHF EPM: 4 Waveforms, QPSK, Dual RS CodingUHF EPM: 4 Waveforms, Convolutional Coding 1/2, 16 Kbps NRZ FMLINK 22 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTLINK 22 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS4 Different Modems, 4 Different Radio Systems, 17 Different Waveforms Make The Link 22 a Good Customer For JTRSThe Modem And The Radio Can Be Combined in a Software Radio Based System With a Complete NILE Waveforms LibraryLink 22 With JTRS Will Make Easier The Enhancement of The NILE Waveforms LINK 22 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTHOW IMPLEMENT LINK 22 IN JTRS?LLCSNCDLPTDSRadioSPCSPCRadioSPCRadioSPC