高中英语高三语法复习讲解课件9第九讲定语从句

1、定语从句The attributive clause定语从句的重点和难点重点：1.如何选用关系词？ 2.介词+关系代词 3.whose的用法 难点：4.as和which的使用 5.各从句夹杂定语从句的综合运用为什么用定语从句当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。这是我的杯子This is my cup.这是装满水的杯子。This is the cup full of tea.这是我喝茶用的杯子。This is the cup which I drink tea with知识准备什么是定语 用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句My brother boug

2、ht me a beautiful dress.He works very hard at his lessons.We belong to the third world.Do you know the man coming to us?We must find ways to work out this problem.He is a boy of not more than seventeen.The man who is speaking to my father is our headteacher.什么是定语从句相当于一个形容词，跟在名词或代词后修饰该名词或代词。 名词/代词 +

3、定语从句改写： I thank the teacher. He helped me a lot.I thanked the teacher who / that helped me a lot. （主语）I know the man whom you are looking for.1.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。2.关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词通常有下列三个作用A.引导定语从句； B.代替先行词； C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有: that, which, who, whom, whose,as关系副词有: when, where,

4、why(二)关系代词引导的定语从句1that 先行词：人或物， 从句成分：主语或宾语（作宾语时常可省略）The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.2. which 先行词：物，从句成分：主语或宾语 （做宾语时常可省略） The factory which makes computers is far away from here. The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.

5、 3.who 先行词：人，从句成分：主语,宾语（可省略）。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 4. whom 先行词：人，从句成分：宾语（常可省略）Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.

6、5. whose 先行词：人或物，从句成分：定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.whose的转换形式指物时，常用下列结构来代替 Whose引导的从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如：即whose+名词=the +n + of which He lives in the room whose window faces south.= He lives in the room, _faces so

7、uth.：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.改：The classroom, the door-?- is broken will soon be repaired.6. AS先行词：人或物， 从句成分：主语或宾语such+名词+ as such（pron.)+ asthe same +名词 + as He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. This book is not

8、such as I expect.As is expected, he has been absent. such.as.引导的定从与such.that.引导的状从区别This is such an interesting book _as_ we all like.This is so interesting a book _as_ we all like.This is such an interesting book _that_we all like it.This is so interesting a book _that_we all like it.辨析：He is such

9、a clever boy that everyone likes him. ?He is such a clever boy as everyone likes . ?练习：1. The house _ windows face to the north belongs to him.2. The man _ you met just now is my old friend.3. The man _is walking on the playground is my old friend.4. Take the book _ is lying on the table.5. She is s

10、uch a girl _ is always finding fault with other people.关系副词：When先行词：时间， 从句成分：时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.I still remember the day when I first came to this school.The time when we got together finally arrived.Where先行词：地点， 从句成分：地点状语This is the house where I was born.I visited th

11、e farm where a lot of cows were raised .Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 3. 高考对关系副词 where 的考查先行词由明显的地点 地点的模糊化事实上，where 不能只理解为表地点。当先行词为situation，case，stage， point等，且定语从句不缺成分，用where。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.I can think of many cases where yo

12、u know nothing about.why先行词：原因， 从句成分：原因状语Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.关系副词 =“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示 when = 表时间的介词（in, at,on,during等）+ whichwhere= 表地点的介词（in, at, on ,under等）+ whichwhy=

13、表原因的介词（for）+ whichI still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. ( = on which)Great changes are taking place in the city where they live. （= in which）The reason why he refused the invitation is quite clear. （= for which）（三）介词+关系代词(1) 介词后的关系词只有 whom 和which, 且不能省略。 (指人） (指物）The school (which /

14、 that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked. 注意： That 前绝不能有介词2. where/when = 介词+ 关系代词（which).有时为了表达清楚，还可以在where/when 前加from 或to 等

15、。China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea,Thailand and India.4. “介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each , few等代词或者数词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of w

16、hich have gone bad. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 5. 在非限中，“介词+which/whom 从句”结构中的介词不能移到从句后面He has visited Xinhua High school for several times, in which he has many friends.

17、6. 复合介词短语+ 关系代词which” 引导的定从常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句用倒装。He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.介词的选用原则Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:1.Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me2. The student _ whom we weretalking just now is the best student in our class.

18、A on B in C about D without 3. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live. A with B without C in D ononaboutwithout一先二动三意义（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。B.非限制性定语从句 用逗号与主句隔开。只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。通常译成主句的并列句。The teacher told me that Tom

19、was the only person that I could depend on. China is a country which has a long history. In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.限制性定语从句举例：非限制性定语从句举例 ：His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.China, which was founded in 1949, is ing more and more powerful. Last summer I visited

20、the Peoples Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义：1. Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her togo to college.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学.（意含：她还有其他哥哥。）Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages herto go to college.她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含： 她只有一个哥哥。

21、）2. All the books that have pictures in them are well written.所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含： 不带插图的书则不一定写得好。）All the books, which have pictures in them, are well written.所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含： 没有不带插图的书。）（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况先行词为 every-/any-/some-/no-(thing/body)等不定复合代词时。we should do something that is use

22、ful to people.(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。 You can take any seat that is free.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 The best/first that I could do was to apologize.(4)先行词既有人也有物的时候。The people and the buildings that comes to my mind is No1 middle school.(5)当主语是以who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句时.Which is t

23、he bike that you lost?Who is the boy that won the gold media?(6)先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。This is the very book that Im looking for. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.(二）只用which引导的定语从句（1）引导非限制性定语从句（2） 代表整个句子的意思 He had failed in the math exam, which mad

24、e his father very angry.（3）介词+关系代词This is the room in which my father lived last year.（4）先行词后面有插入语时，只用which，不用that。Here is the English grammar book which, as Ive told you, will help you improve your English.（三）关系代词as和which 引导的定语 从句as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 相同之处：1. 都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。 He married h

25、er, as / which was natural. He is honest, as / which we can see. 不同点：（1）位置 as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.John, as you know, is a famous writer. Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, w

26、hich I dont believe. As is known to all, China is a developing country.（2）当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.(3)先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态时，用as， 如： be known, be said, be repor

27、ted, be announced, be mentioned 等She has been absent again, as is expected.（4）当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。Ive never heard such stories as he tells. He is not such a fool as he looks. This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。 She wore t

28、he same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.(三) 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。 The way (that / in which/不填 ) he answered the questions was surprising. 不同：The way ( that/ which/ 不填）he explained to us was quite simple.（四）关系代词与关系副词的选

29、择用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）.A. I know a place where we can have a picnic.I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. Compare :B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that / which we spenttogether. C

30、. This is the reason why he was dismissed.This is the reason that / which he explained to me forhis not attending the meeting.（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别区别一：定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系； 同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。The fact that he has already died is quite clear. The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. 定语从句同

31、位语从句区别二：定语从句关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，有时可省同位语从句主要由连词that引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。The news that he told me is true. The news that he has just died is true. The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. The problem how we can collect s

32、o much money is difficult to solve. The question that he raised puzzled all of us. The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer. 3同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词 be 发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。 A. The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. The idea was that we could ask the teach

33、er for advice.B. The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all. The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.C. Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals. The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.1. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in

34、the play, of course, _ made the others unhappy.A. which B. who C. thisD. what2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. when C. that D. where3. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A. who B. about whom C. whom D. w

35、ith whom4. Please take any seat _ is free.A. which B. where C. in which D. that5. The old man has two sons, _ is a soldier.A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whom D. none of them6. This is the ship _ we crossed the Pacific(太平洋).A. by which B. by that C. where D. in which7. New York is famous f

36、or its sky-scrapers(摩天大楼)_ has more than 100 storeys.A. the higher of them B. the highest of whichC. the highest of them D. some of which8. My home village is no longer the same _ it used to be.A. which B. as C. where D. when9. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _ many pe

37、ople have gone home.A. whose time B. that C. at which D. by which time10. The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.A. who B. whose C. thatD. which11. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it12. Mr. Wang is a boss, _ factory Li Ping worked.A. in whose B. whose C. in whom D. of which13. I dont like the way_ you speak to her.A. / B. that C. in which D. All A, B, and C1