国际贸易实务帅建林主编名词解释

1、油轮Oil tankerAn oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker, is a merchant ship designed for the bulk transport of oil. There are two basic types of oil tankers: the crude tanker and the product tanker 是油船的俗称，是指载运散装石油或成品油的液货运输船舶。从广义上讲是指散装运输各种油类的船，除了运输石油外装运石油的成品油各种动植物油液态的天 然气和石油气等。但是，通常所称的油船，多数是指运输原油

2、的船。而装运成品油的船，为成品油船。装运液态的天然气和石油气的船，称为液化气体船。定程租船Voyage CharterTransport vessel or vehicle charter for one or a specified number of trips (voyages). Time charter generally includes loading and unloading costs in the charter rate. Also called spot charter. See also time charter.以航程为基础的租船方式。在这种租船方式下，船方需按合

3、同规定的航程完成货物运输任务，并负责船舶的经营管理及船舶在航行中的一切开支费用。滚装船 RoRovessel畅 RoRovessel： 滚装船（roll-onroll-offship ） Roll-on/roll-off (RORO or ro-ro) ships are vessels designed to carry wheeled cargo such as automobiles, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, trailers or railroad cars that are driven on and off the ship on their ow

4、n wheels. This is in contrast to lo-lo (lift on-lift off) vessels which use a crane to load and unload cargo.用牵引车牵引载有箱货或其他件货的半挂车或轮式托盘直接进出货舱装卸的运输船舶。又称开上开下船。滚装船的特点是装卸效率高，船舶周转快和水陆直达联运方便。 装船有多层甲板便于货运单元放置，上甲板为平整板面Time Charter Transport vessel or vehicle charter for a fixed perod instead of for a certain

5、num of voyages or trips. Time charter generally does not include loading and unloading costs in the charter rate. See also voyage charter.期间，交给承租人使用的租船。 Aboard lighter aboard ship (LASH) system refers to the practice of loading barges (lighters) aboard a larger vessel for transport. It was developed

6、 in response to a need to transport lighters, a type of unpowered barge, between inland waterways separated by n 又称子母船：这是一种把驳船作为“浮动集装箱船载入母船，或利用母船上的起重设备把驳船（子船）由水面上吊起，然后放入母船体内的一种船舶，统称为载驳货船。许多载驳货船的甲板上载有集装箱船。典型的载驳货船 有四种， 普通载驳货船 Aboard Ship LASH）是其中的一种形式。它与全集装上可堆装 层。Bare Boat bareboat charter is an arran

7、gement for the chartering or hiring of a ship or boat, whereby no crew or provisions are included as part of the agreement;instead, the people who rent the vessel from the owner are responsible for taking care of such things.)sailing schedule .charter contract 租船合同和定期租船合同（。滞 期 费 demurrage charge The

8、 term demurrage originated in vessel chartering (notably voyage chartering) and refers to the period when the charterer remains in possession of the vessel after the period normally allowed to load and unload cargo (laytime 所谓滞期费，是指非由于船东的原因，租船人未能在合同规定的装卸时间之内完成装卸作业，对因此产生的船期延误，按合同规定向船东支付的款项。滞期费是一种比较特殊

9、的民事责任形式，船东请求滞期费不以其提供附加的或特殊的劳务为前提，也不以船东遭受实际损失为前提，而以合同中的约定为准。liner freight rate schedule 班轮运价表是指的是按班轮运输条件所制定的不同航线、不同货种或货物等级的运费率计算各种费用的规定和划分费用的条款文本。dispatch money 与滞期费相应的就是速遣费物装卸作业，使船舶可以提前离港并使船东节省在港费用和获得船期利益，船东按合同规定向租船人支付一定金额作为奖励。选卸附加费 optional additional direct additional 转船而直接从装运港运抵该航线上的某一非基本港口时所加收的附

10、加运费。transshipment surchargePort Congestion Surcharge 承运人为弥补由于港口拥挤造成的船期延长、运输代理transpotation agent(Forwarding Agent or Ships 是指根据客户的指3 种分别是租船代理，船务代理，货运代理package 作为动词解释的时候，有包容、包围、 包扎、包装的含义。作为名词解释不要求签发提单的小件货物或个人行李等含义。 than container than container load (LCL) is a shipment that is not large enough to fil

11、l a standard cargo container. The abbreviation LCL formerly applied to Lessthan (railway) Car Load for quantities of material from different shippers or for delivery to different destinations which might be carried in a single railway car for efficiency 整箱货的相对用语，指装不满一整箱的小票货物。这种货物，通常是由承运人分别揽一目的地的两票或两

12、票以上的货物拼装在一个集装箱内，同样要在目的地的集装箱货运 站或内陆站拆箱分别交货。结汇settlement,(exchange settlement/foreign exchange settlement) 的简称， 整箱货FCL（Full container Full Container Load (FCL) is a standard (20 or 40 ft length) depending on location of origin Country, but sometimes it is standard container that is stuffed (loaded) an

13、d un-stuffed (discharged) under the risk and account of one shipper and only one consignee, in practice it means whole container is intended for one consignee由发货人负责装箱、计数、积载并加铅封的货运。整箱货的拆箱，一般由收货人办理。但也可以委托承运人在货运站拆箱空运单 Air waybill 由空运承运人或其代理人签发的货运单据container yard 为拼箱货装箱和拆箱的船、或双方办理交接的场所。它是集CY，并接受 CY 货人。同

14、时也可按承运人的委托进行铅封和签发场站收据等业务。装运通知 shipping notice 系出口商向进口商发出货物已于某月某日或将于某月某日装运装运数量、船名、装船日期、契约或信用证号码等right of disposal 海运提单是承运人收到货物后出具的货物收据，也是承运人所签署的运输契约的证明，提单还代表所载货物的所有权，是一种物权凭证。海运提单可以从不同角度，分为已装船提单、清洁提单、指示提单、联运提单，等等。25Partial shipment transshipment 分批装船转运26Bill of lading 提单海运提单是承运人收到货物后出具的货物收据，也是承运人所签署的运

15、输契约的证明，提单还代表所载货物的所有权，是一种物权凭证。海运提单可以从不同角度，分为已装船提单、清洁提单、指示提单、联运提单，等等。27Clean B L 清洁提单清洁提单是指没有在提单上对货物的表面状况作出货损或包装不良之类批注的提单，它表明承运人在接收装船时，该货物的表面状况良好。如果承运人对货物表面良好有异议，就加以批注。如（羊毛（新闻纸用设备检验的，仅需目测。r B L 指示提单指示提单r l f ，是指提单上收货人一栏内载明“凭）（r ）字样的提单。前者称为记名指示提单，承运人应按记名的指示人的指示交付货物；后者叫不记名指示提单，承运人按托运人的指示交付货物。29Combined

16、transport B L 联合运输提单30Blank BL 空白提单31Straight 一栏内具体填写某一特定的人或公司名称的提单32Through B L (Through B/L)联运提单是指须经两种或两种以上运输方式(联运的货物，由第一承运人（第一程船运输的承运人）33Liner BL 班轮提单班轮提单是指由班轮公司承运货物后所签发给托运人的提单。约的证明，三是货物所有权的凭证，四是索、理赔的证明文件和向银行议付的单据。34Ante-dated B L 倒签提单倒签提单 ANTI-DATED B/L 是指承运人应托运人的要求在货物装船后，提单签发的日期早于实际装船完毕日期的提单。35Advanced 的情况下签发。36Consignment note 陆运或铁路运输通知k t空白背书空白背书 k 据实践中，存在空白背书的情况。在日内瓦票据法体系中,空白背书的效力与正式背书的效力相同。在我国，空白背书应当补记才能产生一系列票据效力。38Straight 一栏内具体填写某一特定的人或公司名称的提单。根据这种提单，承运人只能将货物交给提单上已指定的收货人。托运人原则上不得将已记名提单背书转让。39Through B L 联运提单多式联运单据是由承运人或其代理人签发，其作用与海运提单相似，既是货物收据也是运输契约的证明、在单据作成指示抬头或不记名抬头时，可作为物权