大学英语综合教程一全文及翻译

1、第 第 页2020年大一上学期英语期末复习 Diary of a fresher 大一新生日记Sunday星期日1 After a wearisome expedition by car from home, we arrive at my hall of residence, and I check in. The warden gives me a set of keys and a room number. My room is five floors up, and the lift has a sign on it, Out of order. Finally, with my mo

2、ther flushed and gasping for breath, we find Room 8, I unlock the door, and we all walk in.1 从家里驱车经过一段疲惫的旅程才到达我住的宿舍楼。我进去登记。宿舍管理员给了我一串钥匙，并告诉了我房间号。我的房间在6楼，可电梯上写着“电梯已坏”。等我们终于找到8号房间的时候，妈妈已经涨红了脸，累得上气不接下气。我打开房门，我们都走了进去。2 After one minute, my father climbs out. The room is barely big enough for one, and ce

3、rtainly not big enough for the whole family. I can stretch out full-length on the bed and touch three walls without moving a muscle.2 但爸爸马上就从里面爬了出来。这个房间刚刚够一个人住，一家人都进去，肯定容不下。我躺在床上，把全身伸直，不动弹就可以碰到三面墙。3 Lucky my brother and my dog didnt come too.3 幸亏我哥哥和我的狗没有一起来。4 Later. My parents have just left. Im he

4、re alone, hemmed in by my books and a suitcase. What do I do next?4 后来，爸爸妈妈就走了，只剩下我孤零零一个人，周围只有书和一个箱子。接下来我该做什么呢？Monday星期一5 Theres a coffee morning for first-year students. I meet my tutor, a lofty man with sloping shoulders, who looks determined to be affable.5 早上，有一个为一年级新生举办的咖啡早茶会。我见到了我的导师，他个子高高的，斜肩

5、，好像打定了主意要平易近人。6 Have you come far? He peers down at me. As he speaks, his head jerks wildly from side to side, which makes his coffee spill into the saucer.6 “你是从很远的地方来的吗？” 他居高临下地看着我问道。他边说话边晃动脑袋，咖啡都洒到杯托里了。7 I live not far from Edinburgh, about six hours away, I explain.7 “我家离爱丁堡不太远，开车大约6个小时，” 我说。8 S

6、plendid! he says, and moves on to the freshman standing beside me. Have you come far? he asks, Splendid, he barks, without waiting for the answer, and moves on. He takes a sip of coffee, and looks thunderstruck to discover the cup is empty.8 “好极了！” 他说，接着又转向站在我旁边的那个新生。“你是从很远的地方来的吗？” 他问。但不等那人作出任何回答，他就

7、喊道，“好极了！” 然后就继续询问他人。他啜了一口咖啡，却惊讶地发现杯子是空的。9 My mother calls. She enquires if Ive met my tutor yet.9 妈妈打来电话，问我是不是见到了导师。Tuesday星期二10 Am feeling a bit peckish, and it occurs to me that I havent eaten for two days. I go downstairs and stumble across the dining hall, where I can have three meals a day. I g

8、o down and join a lengthy file of people winding its way out into the open.10 我觉得有点儿饿，这才意识到我已经两天没吃东西了。我下楼去，踉踉跄跄地到了餐厅，得知一日三餐可以在餐厅里吃。我走下去排队，那队伍像一条长龙弯弯曲曲一直排到了门外。11 Whats for breakfast? I ask the guy in front of me.11 “早餐吃什么？” 我问前面的男生。12 No idea. I was too late for breakfast. This is for lunch.12 “不知道。我

9、来得太晚，没赶上早饭。这是午饭。”13 Its self-service and todays menu includes chicken, rice, potatoes, salad, vegetables, cheese, yoghurt and fruit. The boy in front piles it all onto his plate , pays for it, and goes to sit down. I seem to have lost my appetite.13 午饭是自助餐，今天的饭有鸡肉、米饭、土豆、沙拉、蔬菜、奶酪、酸奶和水果。前面的男生每样儿都取了一些放

10、到托盘上，付了钱，坐下来吃。而我好像已经没胃口了。14 My mother calls. She asks if Im eating proper meals.14 妈妈打电话来，问我有没有好好吃饭。Wednesday星期三15 I have a lecture at 9 am. I wake up at 8.45. No one has woken me. Weird.15 我早上9点钟有个讲座。我醒时已经8:45了。竟然没有人叫我起床。奇怪。16 I pull on some clothes, and dash over to the lecture hall. I sit down be

11、side a girl who looks half asleep. She inspects me. Just got up? she asks. How can she tell?16 我穿好衣服，急匆匆地跑到大讲堂。我在一个睡眼惺忪的女生旁边坐下。她打量我一下，问：“刚起床？” 她是怎么看出来的？17 The lecture takes an hour, and at the end I look at my notes. I cant read my handwriting.17 讲座持续了1个小时。结束时我看了看笔记，我根本就看不清我写了些什么。18 The girls name i

12、s Sophie and shes an English literature major, like me. She looks frighteningly intelligent, and when we chat after the lecture, she tells me she read the whole of this terms reading list during her gap year . Shes a bit impressive, and I feel so ignorant I dont even think I should breathe the same

13、air as her.18 那名女生名叫苏菲，和我一样，也是英语文学专业的学生。她看起来惊人地聪明。听完讲座后我们一起闲聊。她告诉我在间隔年里，她已经把这学期书单上的书全都读完了。她令人敬佩，我觉得自己太无知了，我甚至不配跟她呼吸同样的空气。19 Mum calls. She asks if I slept OK.19 妈妈打来电话，问我睡得好不好。Thursday星期四20 Its the Freshers Fair today, and Sophie and I go along to see how many clubs we can join. We concur that we wa

14、nt to make a lot of friends, so I sign up for ballroom dancing , the Artificial Intelligence Society, bell-ringing and the Extreme Sports Club. Sophie signs up for Amateur Dramatics and the Mozart choir. I wonder if Sophie and I are going to stay buddies.20 今天有新生集会。我和苏菲跑去看我们能加入多少个俱乐部。我们俩都认为我们应该多结交朋友

15、，所以我报名参加了交谊舞俱乐部、人工智能协会、手铃俱乐部和极限运动俱乐部。苏菲则报名参加了业余剧社和莫扎特合唱团。我不知道我和苏菲还能不能继续做好朋友。21 Mum calls. My brother has tried to rent out my bedroom back home. Mum reassures me that its mine for as long as I need it , that its my home and that they miss me very much, especially the dog. I burst into tears.21 妈妈来电话

16、了。她告诉我哥哥曾试图把家里我的卧室租出去。妈妈向我保证只要我需要，那永远是我的房间。她还说那是我的家，他们都非常想我，尤其是我的狗。我忍不住泪流满面。Friday星期五22 In the morning, I go to the library. But it seems I need some form of identification and I dont have an ID card yet. For some reason, I also have to swear that I wont damage the books or break the library rules,

17、and if I do, Ill be sent to prison. (What!? For speaking too loudly?) It seems that its a very old library, and the university is inordinately proud of it.22 早上我去了图书馆。可是好像我需要一个能证明我身份的证件才能进图书馆。可我现在还没有。出于某种原因，我还得发誓不会损坏书籍、不会违反图书馆的规定，否则我就要进监狱。（什么！？就因为大声说话吗？）图书馆看上去很古老，学校为此感到特别自豪。23 Tonight is Club Night

18、at the Students Union, but Ive run out of clean clothes. Im not sure what happens to my dirty clothes after putting them in the clothes basket and before finding them clean, ironed and folded in my wardrobe. Maybe Mum will call soon.23 今晚学生会举办“社团之夜”晚会，可我已经没有干净衣服穿了。我可不清楚把脏衣服扔进脏衣篮之后到它们干干净净、熨烫笔挺并叠好放进衣柜

19、之前都发生了什么。也许妈妈快来电话了。The first oyster第一只牡蛎1 Here you are, try this, its delicious, said my father, waving an oyster in front of my nose.1 “来，尝尝这个，这个好吃，”我父亲一边说一边在我的鼻子前晃动着一只牡蛎。2 I frowned. I dont want to. I dont like it, I said.2 我皱起眉头，说：“我不吃，我不喜欢吃这个。”3 Nonsense, how do you know you dont like it if you

20、havent tried it, he reasoned. Just slide it into your mouth, and taste the Atlantic Ocean.3 “胡说，你没尝过怎么知道不喜欢吃。”他跟我论理，“把它放进嘴里，品尝一下大西洋的味道。”4 Hes right, I thought, but sometimes you can also work out what you like just by looking at it. And to be frank, I thought the oyster looked rather nasty.4 我想他说得对，

21、可是有时候有些东西你只要看一眼就知道喜不喜欢。坦率地说，我觉得牡蛎看起来挺恶心的。5 The restaurant was in a French seaside resort, and the waiter had already brought an enormous portion of seafood, crabs, prawns, lobsters and all sorts of shellfish clinging onto each other, as well as a bottle of white wine in a bucket of ice. My mother wa

22、s busy shopping, and my father had decided to take me, his ten-year-old son, to lunch, and to mark an important event in my life, as important to my father as coming of age: my first oyster.5 这座饭店坐落在法国一个海滨旅游胜地。这时侍者不仅端上了一客分量极大的海鲜螃蟹、对虾、大龙虾及各种贝类都堆在一起，还拿来了一瓶放在冰篮子里的白葡萄酒。我母亲正忙着购物，于是我父亲就决定带我他十岁的儿子去吃午饭。他要让我

23、体验生命里一件重要的事情，一件对我父亲来说与成年一样重要的事：我的第一只牡蛎。6 What on earth must the first man to eat an oyster have been thinking about? I say man because surely no woman would be quite so foolish. Well, Im feeling a bit hungry, lets have a look in this rock pool . yes, that looks pretty yummy to me! Doesnt seem very l

24、ikely. It sounds more like a schoolboy challenge. Here, you try this oyster, and Ill try this juicy bacon sandwich, and well see who has more fun!6 第一个吃牡蛎的男人到底是怎么想的呢？我说“男人”是因为女人肯定不会这么傻吧？“噢，我有点饿了，我们来瞧瞧这个石坑嗯，我觉得它看起来挺好吃的！”好像不太可能。父亲的话听起来更像是男生式的挑战。“来，你尝尝这只牡蛎，我来尝尝这块油滋滋的咸肉三明治，让我们看看谁吃得更开心！”7 Outside the ski

25、es were grey and a strong wind was blowing off the sea. It looked as gloomy as I felt. There was no hope left, the only feeling was hunger, and the only emotion was the fear of lost innocence as I realized there could be no escape from my first oyster.7 外面，天空灰蒙蒙的，海面上刮来一阵强风。天气看起来和我的心情一样阴郁。没有希望，只感觉饿，只

26、担心失去纯真，因为我意识到这第一只牡蛎我今天非吃不可了。8 Could I have some fish and chips? I asked hopefully, suddenly feeling homesick for my favourite dish.8 “我能吃炸鱼和薯条吗？”我满怀希望地问。我突然想吃我最爱吃的菜。9 Certainly not! They dont serve fish and chips here, only the very best seafood in the whole region. You wont taste anything finer any

27、where for miles around, he replied, pouring himself another glass of wine. Now, stop complaining, try one oyster for me, then you can have something nice and easy to eat, maybe some prawns with bread and butter, he suggested, striking a note of compromise for the first time during the whole meal.9 “

28、当然不行！他们这儿没有炸鱼和薯条，只有这地方最上等的海鲜，在这方圆几英里之内你找不到更好的海鲜了。”他边回答边给自己又倒了一杯酒。“好啦，别抱怨了，就给我尝一只牡蛎，然后你就可以吃些好吃、顺口的东西，比如对虾加黄油面包。”他提议说。整顿饭中，他的话中第一次有了妥协的意思。10 But with the clear perception which only a ten-year-old boy can have, I still understood that the compromise included eating that oyster, sitting on the side of

29、my fathers plate.10 但是，尽管清晰地感觉到了他的妥协只有一个十岁的男孩才有这样的感觉，我仍然明白这妥协包含着吃掉那只牡蛎，那只放在我父亲的盘子边上的牡蛎。11 My father continued to eat his way through the mountain of seafood. On his plate was a pile of discarded lobster claws, and alongside was a battery of implements used to crack the shells, and scrape out every l

30、ast piece of meat. He paused every mouthful and raised his glass. Now and then he waved the oyster at me, teasing me to eat it, but saying nothing. I just looked at my empty plate in despair. I thought about the food which I most liked, my mothers home baking, and a silent tear slid down my cheek.11

31、 我父亲继续吃着那一堆海鲜。他盘子里放着一大堆被丢弃的龙虾爪，盘子边上放着一套工具，用来敲开蟹壳，剔出哪怕一丁点儿的蟹肉。他每吃一口就停一下，举杯喝一口酒。他时不时地在我眼前晃动着那只牡蛎，逗弄我吃了它，但却什么也没说。我只是绝望地看着我的空盘子。我想着我最爱吃的东西我母亲做的点心，一滴泪静静地顺着面颊淌了下来。12 Finally, my father picked up the oyster again, and I knew it was all over. I took it between a finger and thumb, and held it to my lips. Suc

32、k it into your mouth. Hold it there, taste the salt and the sea, and then swallow. Then Ill get you something you like, he said. His voice was kinder now as he knew he had won.12 终于，我父亲又拿起那只牡蛎，我知道这下全完了。我用拇指和另一只手指把牡蛎拈起来送到嘴边。父亲说：“把它吸进嘴里，先含着，尝尝盐和海水的味道，然后再咽下去。吃完了，我给你点你爱吃的东西。”他的语气更亲切了些，因为他知道他赢了。13 I did

33、as I was told. The oyster was slippery and the taste was unlike anything I had ever tasted before or since. My father watched me, half smiling as if to say, What do you think? As I swallowed, he raised his glass to me and said, Cheers! I had finally earned his love and respect.13 我按照他说的吃掉了那只牡蛎。牡蛎滑溜溜

34、的，那味道是我从未尝过的，打那以后也没再尝过。我父亲看着我，似笑非笑，好像在说：“怎么样？”我咽下去的时候，他举杯对我说：“干杯！”我终于赢得了他的爱和尊重。14 But I never ate oysters again.14 但从那以后，我再也没吃过牡蛎。Thinking for yourself独立思考1 Thinking for yourself is still a radical act.1 直到现在，独立思考仍然是一种激进的行为。2 Thinking for yourself is not a popular activity, though it should be. Ever

35、y step of real progress in our society has come from it. But in most circles, particularly in places that shape our lives families, schools and most workplaces thinking for yourself is regarded with suspicion. Some institutions thwart it on purpose. It can be seen as dangerous.2 独立思考本该是一种普遍的行为，而事实却并

36、非如此。我们社会的每一次重大进步都源于独立思考。然而，在大多数的生活圈子里，尤其是那些影响我们一生的地方家庭、学校以及大部分工作场所人们都对独立思考持怀疑态度。有些机构甚至故意压制独立思考。独立思考被视为是一件危险的事情。3 I was reminded of this sad fact at a party when a fellow guest asked me the subject of a book I was planning to write. I told him that it was about how people can help each other to think

37、 for themselves. Oh dear, he said, I dont think much of that ; I much prefer people do as theyre told. I later found out that he is the fourth-generation president of one of the largest oil companies.3 在一次聚会上，当一位客人问起我酝酿中的一本书的主题时，我再次想起了这个令人悲哀的事实。我告诉他那本书谈论的话题是大家可以互相帮助，培养独立思考的能力。“天哪，”他说，“我不认为那有什么好，我更喜欢

38、服从命令的人。”后来，我得知他是一家大公司的第四代掌门人，而那家公司是世界上最大的石油公司之一。4 When was the last organizational vision statement you saw that included the words to develop ourselves into a model environment in which everyone at every level can think for themselves? For that matter, when was the last time somebody asked you , Wh

39、at do you really think, really? and then waited for you to answer at length?4 “在我们周围逐渐创建出一个模型环境，使各个层次的人都有独立思考的空间。”你最后一次看到包含上述字眼儿的机构愿景陈述是在什么时候？还有，上一次有人问你：“你能跟我说真心话吗，真心话？”然后等着你做出翔实、充分的回答是在什么时候？5 This dearth should not surprise us. Hardly anyone has been encouraged, much less trained, to think for them

40、selves, and their teachers and parents and bosses werent either. And neither were theirs. ( We may have learned to revere thinkers like Socrates, but we also learned that the state poisoned him for thinking for himself: not unmitigated encouragement. )5 缺乏独立思考并不奇怪。很少有人被鼓励去进行独立思考，更谈不上接受相关的训练。他们的老师、父母

41、和老板也是如此。而且老师、父母和老板的老师、父母和老板也是如此。（我们可能早就知道应该尊敬像苏格拉底那样的思想家，可是我们也知道，因为独立思考，他所在的城邦毒死了他。这可绝不是给予他的毫无保留的鼓励。）6 Occasionally, however, we do have a teacher or mentor who truly wants us to develop our own thinking. They give us glimpses. When I was 13 years old, I was put into an advanced algebra course. On t

42、he first day the teacher, who was maligned by students as a hard teacher because she tried to get them to think, stood in front of the blackboard and said, On the paper in front of you write the sum of a number.6 可是，我们偶尔也会遇到真心想培养我们独立思考的老师或导师。他们让我们对独立思考的重要性有了浅略的认识。13岁时，我上了一门高级代数课。授课的老师由于要求学生思考而背上了难缠的

43、恶名。第一天上课时，老师站在黑板前面说：“在你们面前的纸上写出一个数字的和。”7 The entire class of 35 pubescent people just stared at her. She repeated the direction, Write the sum of a number.7 全班35个少男少女全都瞪大了眼睛看着她。她重复了一遍指令：“写出一个数字的和。”8 I remember my hand gathering sweat around the pencil. A few heads looked down and their pencils start

44、ed up. I wondered what in the world they were writing. I saw the girl across the aisle from me lean forward and peer over the shoulder of the boy in front of her who was scribbling something. Then she scratched a figure and immediately covered it with her hand.8 我记得我握着铅笔的手出汗了。有些人低下了头，握着手中的铅笔开始写了起来。我

45、真不知道他们到底在写什么。我看见过道对面跟我坐同一排的那个女生向前探出身子，看看前面那个正胡乱写字的男生都写了些什么。然后她飞快地写下了一个数字，并且马上用手盖住了。9 The teacher paced and rubbed the chalk between her fingers. I wondered what she was about to put on the board. I was now the only one not writing. I leaned back and over my left shoulder whispered to my friend, What

46、 is it?9 老师来回踱着步，手里碾着粉笔。我不知道她将在黑板上写什么。这会儿，就剩下我一个人还什么都没写。我往后一靠，向左侧过脸，悄悄地问我的朋友：“答案是什么？”10 Seven, she whispered back.10 “7，”她悄声说。11 So I wrote 7 on my paper. I kept my head down, hoping I looked busy and confident.11 于是，我在纸上写下了“7”。我一直低着头，想让自己看上去既忙着做题，又信心百倍。12 After the agony among us had become tactile

47、 , the teacher asked us for our answers. The number 7 was prevalent. She walked slowly over to the board and wrote: There is no such thing as the sum of a number. 12 在明显地感觉到我们的苦恼之后，老师问我们答案是什么。大部分人都说是“7”。她慢慢地走到黑板前写道：“根本就不存在一个数字的和。”13 I knew that.13 我知道是这样的。14 Why didnt you write it?14 那你为什么不这么写呢？15 S

48、arah said it was 7.15 萨拉说是“7”。16 Why did you ask her?16 你为什么要问她？17 Because I dont know.17 因为我不知道。18 Thats right. From now on, think for yourself.18 这就对了，从现在开始，要独立思考。19 I was too scared around that teacher for the rest of my young life to think very well in her presence. But I took the message with m

49、e and gradually examined and valued it. I dont recommend humiliating people into thinking for themselves as she had. She certainly did not create a Thinking Environment for us. Had she affirmed our intelligence first and spoken about the joy of thinking for ourselves, had she not fanned our fear of

50、her, we would all have learned even more powerfully what it meant to do our own thinking. And we might have been able to think well around her too.19 在后来的青葱岁月里，我一见到这位老师就害怕。在她面前，我根本就无法好好地思考。但是，我记住了她的教诲，并且渐渐地开始审视它、珍视它。我并不是劝大家像她那样，用羞辱别人的办法去教他们独立思考。她当然没有给我们创造一个思考的环境。要是她一开始就肯定我们的聪明才智，给我们讲讲独立思考的乐趣，要是她没有激起

51、我们对她的畏惧，我们大家就能更深切地体会到独立思考的意义。而且，我们在她面前也会更好地开动脑筋、思考问题。20 But at least she introduced the concept into my academic life.20 但至少，她把独立思考的概念引入了我的学术生活。The pickle jar爸爸的泡菜坛1 As far back as I can remember, the large pickle jar sat on the floor beside the dresser in my parents bedroom. When he got ready for b

52、ed, Dad would empty his pockets and toss his coins into the jar. As a small boy I was always fascinated at the sounds the coins made as they were dropped into the jar. They landed with a merry jingle when the jar was almost empty. Then the tones gradually muted to a dull thud as the jar was filled.

53、I used to squat on the floor in front of the jar and admire the copper and silver circles that glinted like a pirates treasure when the sun poured through the bedroom window.1 自从我记事起，那个大大的泡菜坛就放在父母卧室的橱柜旁边的地板上。每当准备上床睡觉的时候，爸爸都会把他的衣兜倒空，将兜里的硬币投进坛子里。小时候，我对那些硬币落在坛子里发出的声响总是很着迷。当坛子几乎还是空着的时候，硬币落进去时发出的是欢快的叮当声。

54、等到坛子快要装满的时候，叮当声便渐渐变成了沉闷的砰砰声。每当太阳透过卧室的窗户照进来的时候，坛子里圆圆的铜币和银币会像海盗的珍宝一样闪闪发光，而我便蹲在坛子前的地板上欣赏它们。2 When the jar was filled, Dad would sit at the kitchen table and roll the coins before taking them to the bank. Taking the coins to the bank was always a big production. Stacked neatly in a small cardboard box,

55、the coins were placed between Dad and me on the seat of his old truck. Each and every time, as we drove to the bank , Dad would look at me hopefully. Those coins are going to keep you out of the textile mill, son. Youre going to do better than me. This old mill towns not going to hold you back. Also

56、, each and every time, as he slid the box of rolled coins across the counter at the bank towards the cashier, he would grin proudly. These are for my sons college fund. Hell never work at the mill all his life like me.2 坛子装满后，爸爸会坐在厨房的餐桌旁，将那些硬币用纸卷起来，然后再拿到银行去把它们存起来。把硬币存入银行可是件大事。那些硬币整整齐齐地码在一个小纸盒里，放在爸爸那

57、辆旧卡车的车座上，在我和爸爸之间。每一次，在我们开车去银行的路上，爸爸都满怀希望地看着我，对我说：“那些硬币会让你远离纺织厂的，儿子。你会比我强。这个古老的纺织城镇是留不住你的。”每一次，当他把那盒卷好的硬币推过银行柜台交给收银员时，他都会骄傲地咧着嘴笑个不停。“这些钱是我儿子将来上大学的基金，他绝不会像我一样在纺织厂干一辈子的。”3 We would always celebrate each deposit by stopping for an ice-cream cone. I always got chocolate. Dad always got vanilla. When the

58、clerk at the ice-cream parlor handed Dad his change, he would show me the few coins nestled in his palm. When we get home, well start filling the jar again.3 每次存完钱，我们都会买两个蛋筒冰淇淋庆贺一下。我的那一份总是巧克力味的，而爸爸的总是香草味的。当冷饮店的服务员把找回的零钱递给爸爸时，他总会把那几个硬币摊在手心里给我瞧，“回家以后，我们就又要开始往坛子里存硬币了。”4 He always let me drop the first

59、coins into the empty jar. As they rattled around with a brief, happy jingle, we grinned at each other. Youll get to college on pennies, nickels, dimes and quarters, he said. But youll get there. Ill see to that. 4 他总是让我把第一把硬币投进空空的坛子里。当它们发出清脆欢快的叮当声时，我们就相对咧嘴一笑。“你上大学就要靠这些1分、5分、10分和25分的硬币了，”他说，“不过，你会上大学

60、的，我一定会让你上大学的。”5 The years passed, and I finished college and took a job in another town. Once, while visiting my parents, I used the phone in their bedroom, and noticed that the pickle jar was gone. It had served its purpose and had been removed. A lump rose in my throat as I stared at the spot besi