高考化学知识点概念性总结

1、高中化学知识点概念性总结 TOC o 1-3 h z u 实验部分 = 4Ag总反应式：4Ag+ + 2H2O 4Ag + O2 + 4H+有机反应方程式(一)烷烃CH4 +2O2 CO2 + 2H2OCH4 + 2Cl2 CH2Cl2 + 2HClCH4 + 3Cl2 CHCl3+ 3HClCH4 + 4Cl2 CCl4 + 4HClCH4 C + 2H2(二)烯烃C2H4 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2OCH2CH2 + Br2 CH2BrCH2BrCH2CH2 + H2OCH3CH2OHCH2CH2 +H2CH3CH3CH2CH2 +HCl CH3CH2Cln CH2CH2 CH3CH

2、2OH CH2CH2 + H2O(三)炔烃CaC2 + 2H2O C2H2 + Ca(OH)22C2H2 + 5O2 4CO2 + 2H2OCHCH + Br2 CHBrCHBrCHBrCHBr + Br2 CHBr2CHBr2CHCH +HCl H2CCHCln H2CCHCl (四)芳香烃2C6H6+15O2 12CO2 + 6H2O + Br2 + HBr +HONO2 + H2O + HOSO3H + H2O + 3H2 +3HONO2 +3H2O(五)、石油C16H34 C8H18 + C8H16(六)、卤代烃CH3CH2Br + H2O CH3CH2OH + HBrCH3CH2Br

3、 +NaOH CH2CH2 + NaBr + H2O(七)、醇类CH2CH2 + H2O CH3CH2OH2CH3CH2OH + 2Na 2CH3CH2ONa + H22CH3CH2OH + O2 2CH3CHO + 2H2O 2Cu + O22 CuO CH3CH2OH + CuO CH3CHO + H2O + CuCH3CH2OH CH2CH2 + H2OCH3CH2OH CH3CH2OCH2CH3 + H2O(八)、酚类 + NaOH + H2O + H2O + H3O+ + CO2 + H2O + NaHCO3 +3Br2 + 3HBr(九)、醛类CH3CHO + H2 CH3CH2O

4、H2CH3CHO + O2 2CH3COOHCH3CHO + 2Ag(NH3)2OH CH3COONH4 + 2Ag + 3NH3 + H2OCH3CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 CH3COOH + Cu2O + 2H2O(十)、羧酸CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2OHCOOH + CH3OH HCOOCH3 + H2OCH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH(十一)、糖类C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2(g) = 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)； H= - 280

5、0 kJmol-1CH2OH(CHOH)4 + H2 CH2OH(CHOH)4CH2OHCH2OH(CHOH)4CHO + 2Ag(NH3)2OH CH2OH(CHOH)4COONH4 + 2Ag + 3NH3 + H2OCH2OH(CHOH)4CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH + Cu2O + 2H2OC6H12O6 2CH3CH2OH + 2CO2C6H12O6 2CH3CHOHCOOH + 2CO2C12H22O11(蔗糖) + H2O C6H12O6(葡萄糖) + C6H12O6(果糖)C12H22O11(麦芽糖) + H2O 2C6H12O6(葡萄糖)(C6H10O5)n (淀粉) + nH2O n C6H12O6(葡萄糖)(C