科技英语复习

1、Chapter One翻译练习I （E-C）The power plant is （he heart of a ship.动力装置是船舶的心脏。The power unit for driving the machines is a 5O-hp induction motor:驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.在室温下，半导体导电率差，但在高温下，它可能成为良导体。（Cramped conditions mean

2、s that passengcrs51cgs cannot move around freely.All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.The removal of minerals from water is called softening.A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole.Chapter Twodevelop 一词在

3、以下句子中的具体译法：Zenith spent $45 million developing the technology* （开发）The Hong Kong Polytechnic University has achieved further breakthroughs in developing cancer drugs. （研制）The next step would be try to develop means fbr sending TV pictures.（探索）Researchers have developed a computer program to predict

4、wildfire behaviO 匚 （设计） Through natural selection, weeds have developed efficient mechanisms of root and shoot growth.（形成、具备）We dont know the consequences of a low fat, low cholesterol diet in the developing child.（发育）Drinking green tea may help reduce the risk of developing gastrointestinal cancers

5、.（患）翻译练习：1、本书范围有限，无法对所有这些数学方法都作详细的讨论。（冠词）The scope of this book does not permit a detailed discussion of all of these mathematical devices.2、夜间，月球上的温度可低至摄氏零下160度。（冠词）At night the temperature on the moon may he as low as -160oc.3、月球的质量几乎是地球的1%。（数词）The mass of the moon is only about 1% that of the ear

6、th.The moon has a mass nearly 100 times less than the earth.The mass of the moon is around 1/80 that of the earth.4、曝光1%秒即可。（数词）An exposure of one-hundredth of a second will be enough.5、由于该电路很简单，所以广泛用于各种电源之中。（代词） Because of its simplicity, the circuit is widely used in power supplies.6、当食物进入胃里后，它的存在

7、刺激了神经，从而向大脑中枢发出信号。（代词）When food enters the stomach, its presence stimulates nerves, sending signals to centers in the brain.7、当我们把物体移动一段距离时就做了功。（名词）Work is done when we move a body a/some distance.8、这些部件对温度变化的反响很灵敏。（名词）These components are lemperaiure sensitive.9、月球离地球中心的距离为240,000英里。The distance of

8、 the m（x）n from the center of the earth is.The moon is .from the center of the earth.10、新技术可以把废弃物变成可用之物。（形容词）New techniques make it possible to covert wastes into materials usable.II、大多数计算机，无论型号大小，都具有三个基本能力。（形容词）Most computers, large or small, have three basic capabilities.12、爱因斯坦确立了相对论，它不仅适用于力学，而且适

9、用于物理学的各个方面。（形容词短 语）Einstein put up the principle of relativity, valid not only in mechanics but in all other fields of physics.Chapter ThreePractice1、只要给火箭加上足够的燃料，它就能把卫星送入太空。（从句）So long as enough fuel is put into the rocket, it will carry the satellite up into space.2、由于月球的引力只有地球引力的1/6.所以一个体重200磅的人在

10、月球上仅重33磅。（从句）As the moons gravity is only about i/6 that of the earth, a 200-pound man weighs only 33 pounds on the moon.3、计算机必须先有人给它编制程序才能进行计算。（从句）A computer must be programmed before it can work.4、第二次世界大战前，用于光学仪器的大局部玻璃都是由欧洲输出的。（被动）Until World War II, most of the glass used for optical instruments

11、was exported from Europe.5、石油埋藏于地层深处。因此，仅研究地层外表，无法确定有无石油，必须勘查地下岩石的 地质结构。（被动）As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface.Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out.6、如果不计算摩擦，输出将和输入相等。（否认）Friction neglecte

12、d, （he output will be equal to the input.7、这些细菌在温度到达一百摄氏度时才会死亡。（否认）These bacteria will not die until the temperature reaches IOOoC.These bacteria will begin to die only when （he temperature reaches IOOoC.These bacteria will still be alive so long as the temperature is below IOOoC.8、大都市地区的汽车的交通运输构成了另

13、一种情形。在这种情况下，任何人都不能了解到在 某个特定的蚀时刻所发Th的一切，也不能了解到所有变化着的因素是如何相互影响的。（否 定）Auto traffic in metropolitan areas constitutes another situation where no human can sense everything going on at a particular time, and how the variables affect each other.9、把热量加给某物质或从中取走热量，并不总会导致其温度的变化。（倒装）Not always does the additi

14、on or removal of heat to or from a sample of matter lead to a change in its temperature.10、只有对一个物体施加足够大的向上的力时，才能把它提起来。（倒装）Only when we exert on an object an upward force sufficient in magnitude can we liftit.9、把热量加给某物质或从中取走热量，并不总会导致其温度的变化。（倒装）Not always docs the addition or removal of heat to or fro

15、m a sample of matter lead to a change in its temperature.10、只有对一个物体施加足够大的向上的力时，才能把它提起来。（倒装）Only when we exert on an object an upward force sufficient in magnitude can we lift it.Practice: Long Sentences: E to C1、 The strong but light advantages of aluminum are of special interest for the aircraft in

16、dustry.译1：铝的高强度而重量轻的优点对航空业非常有意义。（顺序）译2：铝具有的优点对航空业意义重大：强度高且重量轻。（调序？）译3：铝强度高且重量轻，这些优点对航空业具有重大意义。（调序？）Practice: Long Sentences: E （o C2 、 As has been said, manufacturing processes can be generally classified as unit production with small quantities being made each time and mass production with large nu

17、mbers of identical items or products being produced.译1：前面说过，Th产过程可以笼统地分为每次Th产少量工件的“单件Th产”和Th产大量 规格 相同的工件或产品的“批量Th产”。（顺序）译2：前面说过，Th产过程可以笼统地分为单件Th产和批量Th产，单件Th产就是每次Th产少量 的工件，批量讣产就是Th产大量的规格相同的工件或产品。（调序）Practice: Long Sentences: E to C3、There has been a striking continuous, but unexplained decline in the

18、 reported death rate of gastric carcinoma in the United States from 34 per i ,000,000 population in 1930 to 8 per 100.000 currently.译I：胃癌死亡率一直是在明显地、且不知原因地持续下降，据报道，美国从 1930年的 0.034%至IJ目前的0.008%。（顺序）译2：据报道，美国的胃癌死亡率一直在明显却难以解释地持续下降，从193（）年的（）.034%到 目前的0.008%o （调序）Practice: Long Sentences: E （o C4、Insect

19、s would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.假如没有那些以昆虫（害虫）为食的动物保护我们，昆虫（害虫）将吞噬我们所有的庄稼，害死我们的牛羊家畜，使我们不能讣存于世。（逆序-调）Practice: Long Sentences: E to C5、 Human beings

20、 have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.人类把自己和其他动物区别开来。与此同时，人类还具有观察和了解周围环境的能力。他 们要 么适应环境，要么控制环境，或根据

21、自身的需要改造环境。人类就这样一代代地Th存下来。（切分）Practice: Long Sentences: E to C6、Up to the present time, throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the citie

22、s.到目前为止，经历了 18和19两个世纪，这种新的倾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊，而把讣产 活动 商业往来、政府部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市的中心地区。（综合）Practice: Long Sentences: E to C7 Modem scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, requires revision at short intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries.对于现代书籍，特别

23、是教科书来说，要是作者希望自己书中的内容能与新概念、新观察到的 事 实和新发现同步开展的话，那么就应该每隔较短的时间，将书中的内容重新修改。（综合）Practice: Long Sentences: C io E1、这个简单的事实证明，摩擦力去除得越多，球会滚得越远；由此我们可以推论出：如果 一 切阻碍作用的引力和阻力能够去除的话，就没有理由认为处于运动中的球还会停下来。This simple fact shows that the more of the force of friction is removed, （he farther will the ball travel, and w

24、e are led to infer that, if all the impeding forces of gravitation and resistance could be got rid of, there is no reason why the ball, once in motion, should ever stop.Practice: Long Sentences: C to E2、铝总是和其他元素结合在一起，最普遍的是和氧结合在一起，因为铝对氧有很强的亲和 力。由于这个原因，在自然界中任何地方都找不到游离状态的铝。所以，一直到19世纪，人们 才知道有铝。Aluminum

25、remained unknown until the nineteenth cenlury, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has strong affinity.Practice: Long Sentences: C to E3、最常见的关节炎有骨关节炎和风湿性关节炎两种。前者的发病率随年龄的增长而上升，而 后者那么可见于任何年龄，甚至包括幼儿期

26、。The most frequent forms of arthritis are osteoaithritis, which is increasingly common with age. and rheumatoid arthritis, which can strike at any age, even during infancy.Practice: Long Sentences: C to E4、建立全国统一的大容量的通信网络，由计算机进行控制，通过卫星和海底电缆在全球从事 快速可靠的通信服务，这种可能性从技术上来说是完全存在的。The technical possibility

27、could well exist, therefore, of a nationwide integrated transmission network of high capacity, controlled by computers, intcr-conncctcd globally by satellite and submarine cable, providing speedy and reliable communications throughout the world.Chapter Four1、1) Physical comfort does not depend on te

28、mperature alone but on other factors as well. 2) One of the major factors on which comfort depends is humidity. 3) High humidity helps prevent heat loss from (he body and makes even high temperature less bearable. 4) Dehumidifying the air helps the body to lose heat and thus bear higher temperatures

29、. 5) However, beyond certain limits, removing the moisture from the air becomes harmful to the body. 6) The mucous membranes of the nose and throat can become dry, thus increasing susceptibility to respiration diseases.身体舒适并不只取决于温度，还取决于其他因素。决定身体舒适的主要因素之一乃是湿 度。湿度高，容易阻碍身体散热，从而使体温更高，让人难以忍受。降低空气的湿度 有助于身

30、体散热，使其能承受更高温度。然而，除去空气中的湿度假设超过一定限度却 对人体有害，这时鼻和喉的黏膜会变得干燥，从而易感染呼吸道疾病。1) Pollution is a problem because man in an increasingly populated and industrialized world is upsetting the environment in which he lives.A污染已成为问题，因为在当今人口越来越多、社会越来越工业化的世界上，人类正在污 染他们居住的环境。2) Many scientists maintain that one of mans g

31、reatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement.许多科学家认为人类最大的错误是把开展和进步等同起来。3) Now agrowth.5 industries arc being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life.A现在人们以怀疑的态度看待“开展性的产业，因为它们的副作用会破坏环境，破坏各 种Th命之间的关

32、系。4) Growing population makes increasing demands on the worlds fixed supply of air water and land.人口的增长导致对世界上有限的空气、水和土地的需求不断增长。5) This rise in population is accompanied by the desire of more and more people for a belter standard of living, in an ever increasing amount of waste material to be dispose

33、d of.A伴随着人口增长的是越来越多的人渴望更高的Th活水平。于是对电、水和商品的更大需求必然造成有更多的废物要处理。6) The problem has been causing increasing concern to living things and theirenvirontnent.这个问题已经引起人们对Th物及其环境的日益关注。7) Many believe that man is not solving these problems quickly enough and that hisselfish pursuit of possessions takes him pas

34、t the point of no return before he fully appreciates the damage.A许多人认为，人类没有尽快地解决这一问题，却只顾谋求私利，以致于到了无可挽救的 地步以后才充分认识到这种兵贵神速。3 3) A controversy erupted in (he scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)(脱氧核糖核酸)fingerprinting in criminal investigation.A 1998年初，科学界就刑事侦察中

35、使用DNA (脱氧核糖核酸)指纹识别(指纹分析)的做法产Th 了争议。DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecules of which genes are made.DNA指纹识别始于1989年，用于根据人们的图谱识别个人特征，基因就是由DNA分子 组成的。DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, su

36、ch as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is.DNA指纹识别已经在许多方面得以成功运用，例如用于亲子鉴定，从而确定某个孩了 的父亲是谁。However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses.A然而，正是在刑事侦察领域DNA指纹识别显示出了潜在的威力，其利用也引起了人

37、们的 争议。4、英译中4)为了拓展农业产业的新领域，建立以可持续性环境和稳定的Th态系统为目的的开展战 略，我们必须紧密协作，把与农业产业有关的所有力量团结起来。To move towards a new vision for the agrofood industry and to develop strategies aiming at sustainable environment and stability in ecological systems, we must forge a close partnership which brings together everyone in

38、volved in the industry.A农民、政府、加工企业、零售企业、投资商、运输企业以及出口商等都要充分发挥自己 的作用。各方对农业产业开展的总目标要各司其职，并从为我们的了孙后代创造最好的 环境的角度审视各自的作用。Farmers, governments, processors, distributors, input suppliers (investors), transporters,and exporters all have a role to play, who have to check out their responsibilities to the over

39、all objective of the industry, and (o recognize their role from maximizing environmental opportunity for our future generations.55)在中国一些地方，人们习惯于每天吃大蒜。In parts of China, people have the habit of eating garlic everyday.A有些人每天吃大蒜多达20瓣。Some people eat as many as 20 cloves of garlic a day.A在这些地方，人们从未听说过乳

40、腺癌。Breast cancer is almost unheard of in those places.A为了搞清大蒜能否防癌，医讣们用鼠做了实验。To find out whether garlic helps to prevent breast cancer, doctors have done experiments with rats.A医Th给鼠每天喂20克大蒜(鼠吃1克大蒜相当于人吃一瓣蒜)，同时让鼠吃一种致乳腺癌 的物质。They fed rats up to 20 grams of garlic a day (a gram for a rat is equal to a c

41、love for a human)一 along with a substance that induces breast cancer.A结果如何呢？几乎没有鼠Th癌。医Th现在正致力于寻找大蒜中具有防癌作用的成分。 The result? Almost no tumors (were found) in the rats. Doctors are now searching fortheactive ingredients in garlic that seem to prevent cancer.6、6）人类对水的需求量不断增加，同时，由于污染、地下水枯竭和浪费用水的缘故，水的供 应量不

42、断减少。Demand of human beings for waters is ever increasing while, due to pollution,shrinking underground water and waste of water, water supply is decreasing.A现在迫切需要制定新的战略，以免发Th淡水匮乏现象。The pressing imperative at present is to formulate new strategies to avoid the depletion of fresh water.A淡水匮乏将导致农业减产，家

43、庭和工业部门无水可用，并将破坏环境，导致与水有 关的健 康问题恶化。Shortage of water will lead to the reduction of farm crops as well as lack of water in families and industries, destroy the environment and worsen water-related health problems.PracticeSmoking is harmful to the health of people. World governments should conduct seri

44、ous campaigns against it. Restrictions on cigarette advertisements, plus health warnings on packages and bans on public smoking in certain places such as theatres, cinemas and restaurants, arc most popular tools used by nations in support of non-smokers or in curbing （控制）smoking. But world attention

45、 also is focusing on another step which will make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit. And cigarette price should be boosted （抬高）.In the long run,

46、there is no doubt that everybody would be much bettcr-off if smoking were banned altogether, but people are not ready for such drastic （激烈！的）action.吸烟有害健康，世界各国政府应该认真开展反对吸烟运动。限制香烟广告，每包香烟上加印吸 烟有害健康的警告，以及禁止在诸如影剧院和餐馆等公共场所吸烟，这些都是许多国家用以支 持不吸烟者和控制吸烟最常用的方法。同时，人们也正把注意力集中在另一项措施上。这项措 施将使吸烟者越来越意识到自己的不良习惯并为此感到不安

47、。应该做出巨大努力告诉青年人抽 烟的危害性，特别是养成抽烟习惯的可怕后果，而且香烟价格应予提高。从长远观点看，毫无 疑问，如果能完全禁止吸烟，那么每个人的境况将得到更大的改善，但对于采取这种极端措施, 人们尚无准备。人类的种种技术，都是人的延伸，比方汽车是人腿的延伸，电脑是人脑的延伸。同时， 技术也使人的能力萎缩，有了汽车，人的行走能力就会下降，用电脑帮助记忆，我们可能连 号码都记不住。Various technologies in fact result from the extensions of human beings such as cars, the extension of hu

48、man legs, and computers, that of human brain. At the same time, human capacities shrink as a result of the technologies. With the cars one can not walk as well and, relying on computers heavily, we can not even remember the telephone numbers.大量流行病学调查(epidemiological survey)显示，大蒜产区和长期食用大蒜的人群，其癌 症发病率均

49、明显偏低。李惠明教授表示，每天吃半头Th大蒜，就能对乳腺癌、卵巢癌等起到抑 制作用。Epidemiological surveys indicate that the incidence of cancers is remarkably lower in regions where garlic is grown and among people who have long had the habit of consuming garlic. Professor Li Huiming says half a garlic each day will help inhibit the devel

50、opment of breast and ovarian tumors.过去，人们并没有充分认识到污染给环境造成的影响。只是把它看成一种会熏黑房屋，弄 脏河流的令人讨厌的东西。直到不久前才认识到还会对人体健康造成威胁。而且这种威胁之大， 足以影响许多Th命的Th存，甚至包括人类本身的Th存。The effect of poikilion on the environment was not fully realized. Until recenlly pollution was seen as more than a nuisance that blackened buildings and

51、sullied streams but as a threat to human health the threat that has become so great in recent years as to challenge the survival of many living things including man himself.人类的种种技术，都是人的延伸，比方汽车是人腿的延伸，电脑是人脑的延伸。同时，技术也使人的能力萎缩，有了汽车，人的行走能力就会下降，用电脑帮助记忆，我们可能连 号码都记不住。Various technologies in fact result from

52、the extensions of human beings, such as cars, the extension of human legs, and computers, that of human brain. At the same time, human capacities shrink as a result of the technologies. With (he cars one can not walk as well and, relying on computers heavily, we can not even remember the telephone n

53、umbers.Chapter FiveChapter SixAmikacin is useful in the treatment of infections from Gram-negative sensitive species ； it may also be useful to treat infections caused by sensitive staphylococci,阿米卡星可用于治疗革兰氏阳性敏感菌(其中包括假单孑包菌)引起的感染，也可用于治疗敏 感葡萄球菌引起的感染。Nebcin is indicated for the treatment of the followi

54、ng infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. 乃柏欣适用于治疗以下由敏感细菌引起的感染：Cetazolin sodium is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to cephalosporin group of antibiotics.先锋5号禁用于对头孑包菌素类抗Th素过敏的患者。The recommended single dose is 1 ampoule, given subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intrav

55、enously.建议一次剂量为1安瓶，皮下、肌肉或静脉注射给药。Ciprofloxactin is generally well tolerated. The most frequently reported adverse reactions arc: nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, restlessness, rash and dizziness.环丙沙星一般耐受良好。最常报道的副作用有：恶心、腹泻、呕吐、腹痛,头痛、不安、皮 疹、头晕。对本品过敏的患者禁用本品。This product is contraindicated in those patients who have shown hypersensitivity to