英语考试作文-GRE写作Issue部分精品素材分享之个性类别

1、文档编码 : CH6Y2M4X1P3 HC6A9S8X3H7 ZC2G7Q7O4W6英语考试作文GRE写作 Issue 部分精品素材共享之个性类 别想要在 GRE作文部分的考试中写出优秀 的文章,论据素材是重要的一环；好的论据不仅能帮忙你支撑观点,加强说服力,仍能表达出考生在阅读量上的积存和深厚扎实的语言功 底基础；特别是 ISSUE作文,更是需要大量好素材作为储备,才能保 证考生无论遭受那种题目, 都能游刃有余地完成一篇高分作文的写作；为大家整理了 GRE ISSUE作文各类题目的精品优质素材, 一起来看吧；“ 霍兰德编码” 的六大个性类别Holland Codes are personal

2、ity types created by psychologist John L. Holland as part of his theory of career choice. Holland mapped these types into a hexagon which he then broke down into the RIASEC job environments. Holland argues that 2-3 types dominate in each person. 1. Realistic practical, physical, hands-on, tool-orien

3、ted 2. Investigativeanalytical, intellectual, scientific, explorative 3. Artistic creative, original, independent, chaotic 4. Social cooperative, supporting, helping, healing/nurturing 5. Enterprisingcompetitive environments, leadership, persuading 6. Conventional detail-oriented, organizing, cleric

4、al 团体对行为的影响In addition to belonging to the social and cultural settings into which they are born, people voluntarily join groups based on shared occupations, beliefs, or interests such as unions, political parties, or clubs. Membership in these groups influences how people think of themselves and ho

5、w others think of them. These groups impose expectations and rules that make the behavior of members more predictable and that enable each group to function smoothly and retain its identity. The rules may be informal and conveyed by example, such as how to behave at a social gathering, or they may b

6、e written rules that are strictly enforced. Formal groups often signal the kind of behavior they favor by means of rewards such as praise, prizes, or privileges and punishments such as threats, fines, or rejections. 行为学家关于个性准备行为的理论Behaviorists explain personality in terms of the effects external sti

7、muli have on behavior. It was a radical shift away from Freudian philosophy. This school of thought was developed by B. F. Skinner who put forth a model which emphasized the mutual interaction of the person or “the organism ”with its environment. Skinner believed that children do bad things because

8、the behavior obtains attention that serves as a reinforcer. For example: a child cries because the child .s crying in the past has led to attention. These are the response, and consequences. The response is the child crying, and the attention that child gets is the reinforcing consequence. According

9、 to this theory, people .s behavior is formed by processes such as operant conditioning. Skinner put forward a “ three term contingency model” which helped promote analysis of behavior based on the “Stimulus ResponseConsequence Model” in which the critical question is: “ Under which circumstances or

10、 antecedent , stimuli. does the organism engage in a particular behavior or , response ., which in turn produces a particular , consequence.”社会和阶层对行为的影响Fair or unfair, desirable or undesirable, social distinctions are a salient part of almost every culture. The form of the distinctions varies with p

11、lace and time, sometimes including rigid castes, sometimes tribal or clan hierarchies, sometimes a more flexible social class. Class distinctions are made chiefly on the basis of wealth, education, and occupation, but they are also likely to be associated with other subcultural differences, such as dress, dial