人教版中考英语语法专题复习动词时态教案

1、 中考英语语法专题复习动词时态教案初中英语时态用法分类详解一、基本概念英语语法中的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。 是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式，在英语中有16种时态，初中阶段需要学习8种，重点掌握6种。二、基本分类一般过去将来将来过去一般过去将来将来过去现在进行进行完成(1)完成完成进行完成进行红色笑脸代表6种必须熟练掌握的时态；黄色笑脸代表2种只要求理解其构成和用法的时态。红色笑脸红色笑脸代表6种必须熟练掌握的时态；黄色笑脸代表2种只要求理解其构成和用法的时态。红色笑脸红色笑脸代表6种必须熟练掌握的时态；黄色笑脸代表2种只要求理解其

2、构成和用法的时态。(2)111 past present future 一般过去时 一般现在时 一般将来时 过去进行时 现在进行时 过去完成时 现在完成时 过去将来时三、动词的五种基本形式形式变化规则例词动词原形不带to的动词不定式形式be，do，learn，have第三人称单数在动词原形后直接加-srun-runs like-likes以ch，sh，s，o，x结尾的动词，在词尾加-esteach-teaches wash-washes pass-passes go-goesdo-does fix-fixes辅音字母y结尾的动词: 将y变为i再加-esstudy-studies try-tri

3、es以元音字母加y结尾的动词：在词尾加+sstay-stays play-plays特殊变化的动词have-has be-is现在分词一般变化：动词原形后直接加+ingwork-working study-studying以不发音的e结尾的动词: 去e再加+inglive-living write-writing以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词: 双写末尾字母再加+ingstop-stopping refer-referringsit-sitting begin-beginning少数以ie结尾的动词：去ie变为y再加+ingdie-dying lie-lying tie-tyin

4、g过去式和过去分词（规则变化）一般变化：在动词原形后加-edwork-worked以e结尾的动词：直接加-dlive-lived以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词: 双写最后字母再+edstop-stopped prefer-preferredplan-planned以辅音字母加y结尾的动词：去y变为i再加+edcarry-carried study-studiedcry-cried一般现在时四、用法详解 一般现在时 （1）一般现在时的构成类别构成方法例词一般情况加-slook-looks, come-comes, play-plays以字母s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的动词加-

5、esguess-guesses, fix-fixes, teach-teaches以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-esstudy-studies, carry-carries（2）一般现在时的用法 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与often, always, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a week, twice a month, every day, every week等表示频度的副词和时间状语连用。 例如：I often take a bus to school. 表示客观事实或普遍真理。例如： The earth is

6、 round. 注意：在宾语从句中，若从句为客观真题，从句的时态不受主句时态的影响，一直用一般现在时。例如： Miss Wang told us that the light travels faster than the sound. 在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在时表示将来。例如： When I grow up, I will go to America. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo. He seldom _ exercises at school, so he is very fat.A. takes B. tak

7、e C. took D. will take2. What did the teacher say just now? He said that the earth _ around the sun.A. go B. goes C. went D. to go一般过去时 一般过去时（1）一般过去时的构成-动词的规则变化类别构成方法例词读音规则一般情况加-edlook-looked，start-started清辅音后面读作/t/；浊辅音和元音后面读/d/；/t/和/d/后面读/id/。以e结尾的动词加-dhope-hoped，use-used以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这个辅

8、音字母，再加-edstop-stopped，plan-planned以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-edstudy-studied，worry-worried注意：很多动词的过去式是不规则的，在平时的学习中注意积累。（2）一般过去时的用法 与过去时连用的时间状语有：last night, yesterday, last week, some years ago, in 1990, in the past, the other day, just now等。 表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。例如： We visited a farm last Sunday. 表示过去的习惯或经常发

9、生的动作。过去常常做某事也可用 used to do sth. 来表示，例如： When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river. I used to swim in the river when I was in the countryside.3. Simon looks worried because he _a writing competition and now hes waiting for the result. A. entersB. enteredC. will enter D. is entering4. S

10、ome of my classmates _ an English play at the art festival two days ago. A. haveB. hadC. hasD. having5. I _ one of my old friends in the supermarket the other day.A. meet B. meets C. met D. meeting一般一般将来时 （1）一般将来时的用法 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用句型为“主语+will / shall+”或者“be going to +”构成。常与表示将来的时间状语，如soon,

11、tomorrow, next year, next time, in a few days等连用。其常用否定形式为“wont/ shall not”或者“be not going to +” 例如： We wont / shall not be free tonight.几种表示将来含义的形式 助动词will (wont) + 动词原形。例如： We wont leave before 9 oclock. There will be a strong wind to the north of the Huai River. 在疑问句中，当主语是第一人称时，常用助动词shall。例如： What

12、 shall we do in our English class tomorrow?注意：在下面几种情况下只可用shall（will）表示将来，而不可以用be going to 结构。 a. 表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。例如： Will you please lend me your bike? 请你把自行车借给我用一下好吗？ b. 表示带有意愿色彩的时候。例如： We will help him if he asks us. 如果他向我们求助，我们愿意帮助他。 c. 表示单纯性的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。例如： The sun will rise tomo

13、rrow morning. 太阳将在明天早上升起。 “be going to + 动词原形”表示即将发生某事或打算、计划做某事。 例如：We are going to see a film this afternoon. There is going to be a party on Saturday evening. 注意：当表示根据迹象推断肯定要发生的事（由指天气）时，此时不能用will替代。例如： Look at the clouds, theres going to be a storm tonight. come, go, start, leave, return 等少数动词常用一般

14、现在时或现在进行时表示安排或计划好的将来的行为。 例如：The train leaves the station at 7:15. The whole family is going for two months. 在时间状语从句中和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来要发生的事。例如： I will give the note to him as soon as he comes back.My uncle _ to join us in five days.A. will come B. comes C. come D. came7. According to the weather re

15、port, there _ a heavy snow in the following two days .A. will be B. will have C. is going to be D. is going to have8. By the year 2020, the population _ much larger than it is today.A. are B. will have C. will be D. is going to9. I dont know if he _ this afternoon. If he _, let me know.A. comes, com

16、es B. will come, comesC. will come, will comeD. comes, comes 现在进行时 现在进行时（1）现在分词-ing的构成规则类别构成方法例词一般情况加-inggo-going，ask-asking以不发音的e结尾的动词去掉e，再加-ingmake-making，write-writing以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母，再加-ingget-getting，sit-sitting，put-puttingrun-running，begin-beginning（2）现在进行时的用法 表示此时此刻正在进行的的动作。其时间状

17、语多为now或现在的具体时刻，或含有look, listen, watch之类的暗示词时，或从上下文语境中体现出来。 例如：Be quiet! The little boy is sleeping. Look, Lucy is climbing the lemon tree. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。 例如：The students are working on the farm these days. go, leave, arrive, start等动词用现在进行时表示将来。 例如：The bus is coming soon.Listen! Someone _ at the

18、 door.A. knocks B. is knocking C. knocking D. knocked11. Do you know where the twins are? Oh, they _ the basketball match on the playground.A. watch B. will watch C. are watching D. watched12. They _ ready for the coming test these days.A. are getting B. get C. got D. will get13. Jim _ English at th

19、e moment.A. reading B. is reading C. reads D. read过去进行时过去进行时（1）表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语连用：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday等，或用另一动作来表示过去的时间。 例如：I was reading when mother came in.（2）没有明显的时间标记词，通过上下文来判断出是过去某时正在进行的动作。 例如：They all worked hard. Everybody knew what he was w

20、orking for.（3）含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中过去进行时的运用。常用句型如下： 主句（过去进行时）+when+从句（一般过去时）； 例如：He was watching TV when I got home yesterday. 主句（一般过去时）+while+从句（过去进行时）； 例如：My mom came back while I was watching cartoon. 主句（过去进行时）+while+从句（过去进行时），表示两个动作同时进行，形成对比。 例如：While I was reading books, my brother was p

21、laying games. I called you this morning, but nobody . I the flowers in my garden at that time.A. answered; watering B. answering; was wateringC. answered; was watering D. answered; watered15. Something terrible happened last night. A thief broke in my house while I _.A. will sleep B. is sleeping C.

22、was sleeping D. slept16. While my brother _ football with his friends yesterday, my sister _ her homework.A. was playing; did B. played; was doing C. was playing; was doing D. played; did现在完成现在完成时（1） 现在完成时的用法 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果。通常和副词never, ever, just, already, yet等连用。 例如：I have closed the door. My

23、daughter has already eaten supper and finished her homework. 注意：a. already 用于肯定句中，表示“已经”。例如： They have already gone to America. b. yet 用于疑问句句中，表示“已经”，用在否定句中，表示“还”。例如： I havent received her letter yet. Have you finished your paper yet? 表示过去已经开始的，持续到现在的动作或状态。通常和时间状语before, recently, once, twice, for+时

24、间段, since+时间点, yet 等连用。例如： We have lived here for two years. She has been with us since Monday. 注意：for + 时间段；since + 时间点（有时候用由过去式构成的从句来体现时间点） 【例题专练】用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland _ 2 years. 2. Jill has been in Sydney _ he was a middle school student. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 d

25、ays ago. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock. 5. India has been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.（2）现在完成时的构成 句型构成：肯定形式为have / has + done；其否定形式为 havent/hasnt + done；疑问句型中，have/has作为助动词，直接放置句首。例如：Have you finished your homework yet?注

26、意: 现在完成时可和疑问词连用，但不能和when连用。故现在完成时里对时间的提问不用When，而用How long。 例如：Where have you been? Why have you turned off the radio? How long have you been back? 短暂性动词和持续性动词的现在完成时 若后面没有时间状语“for + 时间段，since + 时间点”时，短暂性和持续性动词都可用于现在完成时。 例如：I have bought(短暂) a new computer. He has already lived (持续) in the small villa

27、ge. 若后面有时间状语“for + 时间段，since + 时间点”时，要用持续性动词或短暂性动词的否定。例如： They have stayed (持续) in the village for 10 years. I have taught(持续) English at this school since 5 years ago. You havent received (短暂)her letter for 2 weeks. We havent left (短暂)China since 20 years ago. 短暂性动词不能与“for + 时间段，since + 时间点”连用。若要和他

28、们连用，则要将其做出相应的转换。 I have come here for 3 years. () I have been here for 3 years.( ) 常见的转换规则：转换规则例词对应例句1、动词变动词borrow / lend kept She has borrowed(kept) the magazine since two weeks ago.catch had Kate has caught (had) a cold for one day.buy had Ive bought (had) this radio for 3 years. put on worn He ha

29、s put on (worn) the new coat for a week.2、变为“be +adj”leave / gobeen away They have left(been away) for one year. open been open The factory has opened(been open) since 1990. die been dead That old man has died(been dead) for three years.marrybeen marriedThey have been married for ten years.3、变为“be+a

30、dv.”start / begin been on The film has begun (been on) for 8 minutes.get up been up He has gone up(been up) more than two hours. finish been over The football match has finished(been over) for two hours. 变为“be+介词短语”join been in/ been a member (of) Her father has joined (been in) the Party for ten ye

31、ars. move been out (of) Jims family have moved(been out of) here for over 2 e/ become/ arrivebeen(in) They have come to(been in) this school since 1990. 近义词辨析：have been to, have gone to, have been inhave gone to意为“到某地去了”，说话时该人不在现场。一般只用第三人称作主语。 例如：Mr Wang isnt here. He has gone to Qingdao.王先生不在这里。他去青

32、岛了。b. have been to 意为“曾经去过某地”，表示一种经历，含有“现在已离开那儿”之意，后可接次数（如once，twice，three times等）表示“去过某地几次”，也可和just，never，ever等连用。 例如：My father has been to Beijing twice.我父亲去过北京两次。（我父亲现在不在北京了） I have never been to the Great wall. 我从未去过长城。c. have been in 表示“到某地多长时间了”，常与时间段连用。 例如：I have been in Australia for three y

33、ears. 我到澳大利亚已有三年了。18. China _ several rockets into space so far.A. has sent B. will send C. sent D. was sending19. Tom, can I borrow your book CHICKEN SOUP? Sorry, I _ it to Mary.A. lent B. have lent C. lend D. was lending20. My brother _ just _ to Japan. He wont be back until next week.A. will; go

34、B. has; gone C. did; go D. was; going21. The train _ for ten minutes. You have to take another one.A. has gone B. has left C. has been away D. went away课堂训练1. Lets discuss the plan, shall we? Not now. I_ to an interview.A. go B. went C. am going D. was going中国教&*%育出2. Where were you last Saturday? I

35、 _ in the Capital Museum.A. am B. will be C. wasD. have been3. May I speak to the headmaster? He _ a meeting now. Can I take a message?A. is having B. had C. hasD. will have4. I _ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai.A. didnt hear from B. dont hear from C. wont hear from D. havent heard from5. If ou

36、r government _attention to controlling food safety now, our health _in danger. A.wont pay; is B. doesnt pay; is C. wont pay; will be D. doesnt pay; will be6. I cant find Ted for three days. Where is he?来He _ Beijing for a meeting. A. has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to7. Lucy

37、_ a student last year, but now she _ a teacher.A. is; is B. was； is C. was； will be D. is； was8. Were you at home at 9:00 last night? I called you but nobody answered. Sorry，I _ at that time.A. take a shower B. took a showerC. was taking a shower D. am taking a shower9. Mum, I cant find my shoes.来源:

38、中Hurry up! Your father _for us.A. is waiting B. waited C. waits D. will wait10. I was at the cinema at nine oclock yesterday evening. What about you?来源:I _ TV at home.A. am watching B. was watching C. will watch D. watched11. Mr Wang isnt here, I think he_ Guiyang.A. has gone to B. has been to C. go

39、es D. went中国教育出版12. What did the teacher say just now? Sorry, I didnt hear it. I out of the window.来*源:中国教育出版#网 A. lookB. looked C. am lookingD. was looking13. Ben is a foreign teacher. So far, he _ in Shiyan for five years. 来源:中国%A. was teaching B. has taught C. will teach D. taught14. Whats his brother?He is a teacher. He maths at a school.来源:中教&%*A. taught B. has taught C. teaches D. will teach15. Where is Mr Black? I have something important to tell him.You cant find him. He Hong