高一英语语法高一英语同位语从句讲解课件

1、简单句基本句型 Basic Sentence Patterns 简单句基本句型 Basic Sentence PatternSummarySummary简单句1.S+V He cooks. A bus arrived.2.S+V+O I like English. Tom watches TV.3.S+LV+P 表语 She is a student. The house is green. 4.S+V+IO+O They gave me a present. Ill get you some tea. 5.S+V+O+OC We call her Lily. I find maths dif

2、ficult. He made me laugh. We asked him to come. 简单句1.S+V He coo.简单句1. Things changed.2. Trees are green.3. We dont beat children.4. He gave his sister the piano.5. I found the book easy. 主 + 谓主 + 谓 + 表主 + 谓 + 宾主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补.简单句1. Things changed.主 +名词性从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语 His job i

3、s important.What he does is important.表语This is his job.This is what he does every day. 名词性从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语 His 宾语 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语 I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.宾语 I dont like his job.I d什么叫名词性从句？在句子中

4、起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句什么叫名词性从句？ 名词性从句 noun clause 主语从句subject clause 宾语从句object clause 表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句appositive clause 名词性从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句What are noun clauses? His story is interesting. What he

5、said is interesting. I heard his story. I heard what he said. I listen to his story. I listen to what he said. 主语从句宾语从句宾语从句（介词之后What are noun clauses?宾语从句宾语从句 This is his story. This is what he said. The idea of going there is good. The idea that we go there is good.表语从句同位语从句 This is his story.表语从句同

6、位语Practice time：指出下列各名词性从句的种类At lunchtime, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.2. She wondered if the buses would still be running.3. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.4. She sensed that she was being watched by a tal

7、l man in a dark coat.5. When we will start is not clear.6. I had no idea that you were her friend.宾语从句宾语从句表语从句宾语从句主语从句同位语从句Practice time：指出下列各名词性从句的种类At Object Clauses 宾语从句Object Clauses 宾语从句 I know him . 2. I know who he is . 主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾 语 从 句连词从句主语 从句谓语 主 句（复合句） I know him . 主语谓语宾语（简宾语从句的概念：宾

8、语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句宾语从句的概念：句子结构：一、连词（引导词） 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.Jim thought (that) the train was like a big

9、moving party.一、连词（引导词）Lin Tao feels (that) 2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should r

10、ead English aloud.2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句Im sorry (that) I dont know .Were sure (that) our team will win .Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, a2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whe

11、ther翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .Lets see if /whether we can find out some information about that city .She asked me if /whether she could borrow these books .2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 a.当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if. eg:

12、I dont know whether or not I will stay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. eg: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.2.注意 whether和if的使用区别1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 2.注意 Practice timeif / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not

13、 he is well.8. I dont know _ to go. if / whetherwhetherwhether /ifwhetherwhetherPractice timeif / whether1. I3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略Do you know what he said just now ? I dont remember when we arrived

14、. I asked him where I could get so much money . Please tell me who (whom) we have to see . Do you know what time the plane leaves ?3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, wh 带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday ?Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ?I dont know ho

15、w far it is to the cinema .Please tell us how many students there are in your school ?Can you tell us how old his brother is ?Please tell us how soon you will be ready .Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan ? 带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句Could you 二、时态1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ， 现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根

16、 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）I know he lives here .I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow .二、时态I know he lives here .2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her moth

17、er. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it .2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。The teacher said that the sun travels around the earth .3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理The teacherThe radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)The headmaster hopes everyth

18、ing _ well. (go)Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. I hear they _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) will be goes were playing have returned had been The radio says it _ cl6. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (writ

19、e)7. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)8. Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times. (be) wrote has taken had been 6. I didnt know what time he 三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分三、语序1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library . His

20、brother asks when will he go to the library . 2. What does he want to buy ? I dont know what he wants to buy . I dont know what does he want to buy . 1. When will he go to the libr1could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。注意事项Could you please tell me where we show our tickets ?Could you tell u

21、s which gate we have to go to ?Would you like to know when he will come back ?1could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此2. 如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用thatShe says (that) she will leave a message on his desk .He said (that) he was going to take care of the child .He asks if I like playing the pia

22、no .You may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus station .2. 如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如3. 否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。 I dont think this dress fits you well. (我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)3. 否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为think, cons

23、id4. it常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语: it可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 We heard it that she would get married next month.4. it常可以放在动词think, find, consi主句从句一般将来时态一般现在时态祈使句含有情态动词Do you know if _back next week ? If he _ back , please let me know .A. he comes , wi

24、ll come B. will he come , comes C. he will come , comes D. he will come , will come 5. 连词 if 和 when 在不同从句中的区别：CI dont know when he _ (come) . I cant wait here any more . When he _ (come) , would you please ask him to call me ?will comecomes主句从句一般将来时态祈使句含有情态动词Do you kno1.The young man asked _ its sum

25、mer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether2.We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whe

26、ther D. that DABC1.The young man asked _ i5. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station6. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like7. My sister told

27、him _ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you liveCBD5. Could you show me _ 8. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _ . A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 9. Could you tell me how long _ ? A. you have bought the watch B. you hav

28、e kept this science book C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China10. He says that if it _ tomorrow , he _ fishing . A. will rain , wont go B. rained , wasnt go C. rains , wont go D. rain , will go BCD8. Someone is ringing the doorPredicative Clauses 表语从句Predicative

29、 Clauses 表表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句, 放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另外,常用的还有the reason why is that 和It is because 等结构。例如：表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句, 放在系动词之后,一. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后. 作用:对主语进行解释说明。连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不 引导 表语从句)连接代词：who / whom / whose / wh

30、ich / what 连接副词：when / where / why / how / because The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time . He looked as if he was going to cry .Thats why I was late .连接词：that / whether /as if /as 注 意：在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。 It is

31、 /was because . It is /was why. 3. The reason (why/for)is /was that.4 The reason is because /whythat .注 意：在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “wheth名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句在这种句型中，常用表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact, truth 或表示看法，观点的名词，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主语。如：1.The fact is that our team has won the game.2.

32、The truth is that she was the very person who informed against her husband.名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句在这种句型中，常用表示注意表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同. 但: 1. that引导表语从句时不能省. 2. if不能引导表语从句. 注意表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同.1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to opera

33、te the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when 1. Thats _ the Party calledSubject Clauses 主语从句Subject Clauses 主语从句1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分1). That he will suc

34、ceed is certain .2) Whether he will go there is not known .3) What he said is not true .4) Where he hid the money is to be found out .5) Whoever comes is welcome.6) Its certain that he will succeed .7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 8)When theyll start the project has no

35、t been decided yet.1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分1). That he 考点一:主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例:That we shall be late is certain.- Its certain that we shall be late.1. That the earth is round is known to all.- 2. That you missed the chance is a pity.- 由连词 whether 和 if, 连接代词 what,who,which

36、和连接副词 when,where,why,how 等引导.也常常后置: It is a pity that you missed the chance.Its known to all that the earth is round. 考点一:主语从句后置! It is a pity tIt 的用法： （形式主语） It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚 Its said/ reported that.据说/据报道 Its been announced/declared that.已经通知/宣布 It seems/

37、appears/happens. that显然、明显、 碰巧. Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑 Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知） / a common saying.（俗话说）It 的用法： （形式主语）考点二注意：主语从句中 ，谓语动词一般用单数What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定What he needs _is_ that book.What he needs _are_ some book.考点二 what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用。例如

38、：(1) What you said yesterday is right.(2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.What 与 that 引导主语从句 what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如由 that 引导:1. That we shall be late is certain.2. _ is known to all. (地球是圆的)3. _ is a pity. (你错过了这次机会) that 无意义, 后接一个完整的句子. that 不可省That the earth is roundThat you missed the chanc

39、e由 that 引导:That the earth is ro注 意：What you left are only several old books.What you said is of great importance.What he says and does doesnt concern me.What he says and does dont agree.“if” 不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导。主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词： 1）常与其后的名词作表语一致 2）根据句子的语境而定。注 意：What you left ar

40、e only se_ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where 3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.Which; belong to b. As, belonged to c. What;

41、 belonging to d. It; belonging to_ he made an important speec4. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. that C. what D. when6.What I say and think _ none of your business. A.

42、 is B. are C. has D have4. Its known to us all _ a Appositive Clauses 同位语从句Appositive Clauses 同位语从句同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明. n.+ 连接词 + 从句同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether 1) The idea that computers can recognize h

43、uman voices surprises many people .2).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（注: 1. 同 位语从句多用that 引导2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句. I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no

44、 idea what he did.注: 1. 同 位语从句多用that 引导2. 在have1, I have no idea2, I dont know the question when he will be back.how he can get the treasure.where the concert will be hold.who can finish the work.why it happened.which pen is mine.what we should do next.whom they are talking about.whether itll rain t

45、omorrow.1, I have no ideawhen he will 1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night._ The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their par

46、ents and teachers a lot._We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.1.Two thirds of all girls in B4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.5.Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many

47、 people, especially kids in school.3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view._Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online._There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible._The suggestion tha

48、t Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.4.Time travel is possible./ Th名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为 should + do, should 可省略 He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.名词demand, suggestion, prop

49、osalI have heard the news that he would visit our factory .I have heard the news that he told you the other day .同位语从句和定语从句的区别：1 同位语从句that 只起连接作用，不作任何成分 定语从句 that 是关系代词，起连接作用和充 当宾语和主语2同位语从句同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明 定语从句 定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对名词进行修饰，加以限定3同位语从句that 不能省 定语从句 that 在从句中作宾语时，可以省I have heard the

50、 news that he Practice :判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句1.They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.2. The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. 3.The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. 4. I cant stand the terrible noise that she is crying lou

51、dly. 同位语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句Practice :判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句1.1. _made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities . A What / because B What / that C That / what D That / because2._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lesso

52、ns . A What / why B That / what C What / because D Why / that BAB3. He is absent from school . It is _ he is seriously ill. A. why B. because C. that D. the reason1. _made the school proud w4 _has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising . A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever 5. Information

53、has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities . A that B how C where D what DA4 _has helped to save the d6 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week . - Is that _you had a few days off ? A why B when C what D where 7 Are you still thinking about yesterdays

54、 game ?- Oh ,thats _. A what makes me feel excited B whatever I feel excited about C how I feel about it D when I feel excited AA6 I drove to Zhuhai for the ._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect . A What B That C This D Which 10. When you ans

55、wer questions in a job interview ,please remember the golden rule :Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants . A what B which C when D that 11. We made the suggestion that he _ his work . A continues B continue C continued D had continued BAB._ fashion differs from count12.There will be a special pr

56、ice for _ buys things in large number here.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. Whomever13. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game .why B. what C. who D. that (05)14.The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. (05) A. whichever B. however C. whatever D.whenever12.There w

57、ill be a special pri14.Many newspaper printed the governors statement _ would support a tax cut. and he B. was that he C which he D that he 15._ man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun.Which B. How C. What D. That 16.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or s

58、he wants. A. However B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 14.Many newspaper printed the 1. Can you make sure _ the gold rings?A. where she had put B. where had she put C. where she has put D. where has she put2.The reason that has been such a success _ he never gives up. A. is B. is because C. is that D. is what3. _ breaks the law should be punished.A Whoever b. No matter who c. anyone. d. who 1. Can you make sure _ the g4. That is _ I had to take the risk of being washed away. A. why B. re