语法填空题的命题分析及解题技巧讲义-中考英语复习备考_第1页
语法填空题的命题分析及解题技巧讲义-中考英语复习备考_第2页
语法填空题的命题分析及解题技巧讲义-中考英语复习备考_第3页
语法填空题的命题分析及解题技巧讲义-中考英语复习备考_第4页
语法填空题的命题分析及解题技巧讲义-中考英语复习备考_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩4页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

1、一、命题分析语法填空题是在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白,部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容(1个单词)或所提供单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。共有10个小题,分值15分。旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法知识的掌握情况,着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力,体现了语言测试的交际性原则。其考查形式分为给出提示词和不给出提示词两种。1.给出提示词的考查内容包括:词性转换(如名词、动词、形容词与副词等的词性转换);名词单、复数变化;形容词和副词的比较等级变化;动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词等。2.不给出提示词的考查内容包括:根据上下文语境填入冠词、副

2、词、连词、代词及介词等。二、解题步骤(一)通读全文,把握大意解题之前,我们首先应通读全文,了解大意。这一步很重要,因为一些空格是要通过对全文结构的整体把握来确定正确答案的。此外,谓语动词也必须在把握动作发生的时间后才能确定其时态。(二)结合语境,试填空格读懂材料以后,要结合所提供的特定语言环境,从句子结构的完整性去分析设空处所缺单词的意思及词性,从上下文的逻辑及搭配的关系去确定所给提示词在文章中的正确形式。(三)再读全文,验证复查在解题过程中要先易后难,难题在大部分空格填好后,再经过仔细推敲,难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后,把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍,纠正之前错误,最后确定正确答案。三、解

3、题技巧(一)不给出提示词填空题的解题技巧这种考查形式主要考查考生对语篇的理解和逻辑关系的把握情况以及对习语和常见句式的掌握程度。考查的内容主要涉及连词、冠词、介词、代词、情态动词、复合句和特殊句式等。由于没有提示词,因此需要考生根据短文大意和上下文的逻辑关系及对一些长难句结构的分析和理解等来确定空格处在句中的功能,界定其词性,进而明确其意义,最后确定其正确形式。1. 如果句子缺主语或宾语,一般填代词。【考例1】 Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of , and yet find it impossible t

4、o say no?解析:you。主句的主语是you,所以宾语从句中仍然使用宾格you作为介词of的宾语。【考例2】 When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop ignoring me, he says, “In a minute,” but still checks to see if has posted something new on the internet.解析: someone/somebody。宾语从句中缺主语,根据句意可知应填someone/somebody。2. 名词前面若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代

5、词等),很可能填限定词。【考例3】 The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even most modern of architects and engineers.解析: the。形容词最高级前加the。【考例4】 Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned farm, which looked almost abandoned. 解析: a。farm在文

6、中是第一次出现,且表示泛指。3. 如果句子不缺主语、表语或宾语,在名词或代词前面一般填介词。【考例5】 In India, for example, most people traditionally eat their hands. 解析: with。with+表示具体工具的名词,意为“用”。【考例6】 The mother continued to care for the young panda more than two years. 解析: for。此处for表示时间的长短。4. 若两个或两个以上单词或短语之间没有连词,则可能填连词。【考例7】 In much of Asia, es

7、pecially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.解析: and。此处列举了一些亚洲国家,它们之间是并列关系。【考例8】 But the river wasnt changed in a few days even a few months. 解析: or。此处表示选择关系,指那条河流没有在几天内或几个月内发生改变。5. 若两个句子之间没有连词,也没有分号、破折号或句号,一般填并列连词或从属连词。(1)并列句【考例9

8、】 It was time for her to have a new baby, it was also time for the young panda to be independent.解析: and。此处两个分句之间为并列关系,故使用and。(2)名词性从句【考例10】 Eventually, I decided to follow her and happened truly amazed me. 解析: what。连接代词what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。【考例11】 Hes so addicted to it that he just cant stand the idea

9、 34 there may be an important text.解析: that。连接词that引导同位语从句,且在从句中不作成分。【考例12】 I didnt understand 20 this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. 解析: why。连接副词why引导宾语从句并在从句中作状语表示原因。(3)定语从句【考例13】 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the

10、mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 解析: when。先行词the mid-1980s指时间且定语从句中不缺少主干成分,缺少狀语,故用关系副词when来引导。【考例14】 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., i

11、nfluenced the develop-mint of chopsticks.解析: who。先行词Confucius(孔子)指人,非限制性定语从句中缺少主语,故填who。【考例15】 Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 解析: that/which。本题中定语从句的先行词指物,定

12、语从句中缺少主语,故填that/which。(4)状语从句【考例16】 Over time, the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.解析: as/when。as/when引导时间状语从句。【考例17】 The first parking space I found was convenient, but Id noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. I was in a good

13、mood, I let her have it. 解析: As/Because/Since。as/because/since引导原因状语从句。6. 若句子结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,则很可能填情态动词或表示强调或疑问的助动词(do, does, did等)。【考例18】 Remember, however, that you should usually consult different types of sources. That is, you always rely just on the Internet for your resear

14、ch.解析: shouldnt。由前文“you should usually consult different types of sources”可知,空格处应填情态动词shouldnt,表示“不应该”。【考例19】 Then the driver stoop up and asked, “ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” 解析:Did。本句为一般疑问句,且全篇文章是一般过去时态,故用do的过去式。7. 根据特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。(1)根据“it isthat.”强调结构形式,判断填it还是that。【考例20】 But lik

15、e so many other things, it is only too much stress 34 does you harm.解析: that 。考查强调句型,本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress。(2)根据倒装句式判断,是填构成部分倒装条件的only, so, neither, never, hardly等,还是填do, does, did等。【考例21】 Not until I returned I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me. 解析: did。“not until.”位于句首时,主

16、句要用部分倒装,且主从句时态保持一致,故填did。(3)根据it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断,空格处是否填it。【考例22】 Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.解析: it。it作形式主语,替代真正的不定式主语“to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father”。(4)根据习惯用法或固定搭配判断。【考例23】

17、 But my connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 解析: to。考查动词的固定搭配go back to“追溯到”。【考例24】 So, get an early start and try to be as productive 6

18、5 possible before lunch. 解析: as。考查习惯用法asas possible“尽可能地”。8. 根据常识和上下文语境来判断语义和词形。【考例25】 Unbelievable! Oh., if you dont mind, Ill stop and take a deep . 解析: breath。根据上下文语境,Peter认为这样的事情是不可能的,所以他想深呼吸让自己平静下来。【考例26】 Every kind of communication is important. It is important what kind of call we make or let

19、ter we send. What is important is that we let others know we care about them. 解析: not。根据句意“打何种电话,寄何种信件不重要,重要的是我们要让对方知道我们在乎他们。”可知,填not。(二)给出提示词填空题的解题技巧。1. 若句中缺少谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所填动词就是谓语动词,需要考虑动词时态、语态以及数的变化。【考例27】 Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.解析:

20、 is。考查主谓一致,单个动名词短语作主语,视为单数。【考例28】 In recent years, stress (regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.解析: has been regarded。 考查时态和语态,本句的时间状语in recent years常和现在完成时连用,且句子主语stress与动词regard构成被动关系,所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式。2. 若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所填动词就是非谓语动词。

21、用动词-ing形式(动名词或现在分词)、-ed形式还是不定式形式,确定的方法主要有以下几种:(1) 作宾语,通常用动名词或动词不定式形式。【考例29】 My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research Centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 解析: introducing。动词include后接动名词作宾语。【考例30】 In addition to

22、 their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without (use)electric equipment. 解析: using。介词without后接动名词作宾语。【考例31】 I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused (stop) until we reached the next stop. 解析: to stop。动词ref

23、use后接不定式作宾语。(2)作表语,通常用现在分词或过去分词形式。一些表示心理活动的动词,用过去分词作表语时,多位于系动词(be, become, feel, get, look, seem等)之后,表示主语本身(一般为人)“感到的”;用现在分词作表语时,表示主语(一般为物) “令人的”。【考例32】 Do you find yourself getting impatient or (annoy) with people over unimportant things?解析: annoyed。空格处和形容词impatient构成并列关系和系动词get构成系表结构,填annoyed“恼怒的,

24、生气的”,表示你变得生气。【考例33】 For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. 解析: pleased。空格处在系动词feel后构成系表结构,填pleased“高兴的”,表示Mary感到高兴。(3)作定语,通常用动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词形式。不定式表示将要发生的动作;现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成的动作。【考例34】 But my connection with pandas goes back

25、 to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 解析: permitted。被修饰名词 reporter和permit之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。【考例35】 For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find Something (eat

26、)! 解析: to eat。动词不定式作something的后置定语。【考例36】 Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.解析: living。被修饰名词people和live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,用现在分词作定语。(4)作状语,通常用动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词形式。作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语,一般用动词不定式形式。【考例37】 Skille

27、d workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create)Special designs. 解析: to create。动词不定式作目的状语。【考例38】 When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool) the house during the hot day.解析: to cool。“形容词+enough”后接不定式作结果状语。作时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状语,常用分词形式。与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在

28、分词;与逻辑主语是被动关系,就用过去分词。【考例39】 People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.解析: using。use与逻辑主语people之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语表示主动。【考例40】 (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away. 解析: Shocked。shock与逻辑主语I之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作状语表示被动。(5)作补语,通常用动词不定式、现在分词或过去

29、分词形式。不定式表示动作的全过程;现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成的动作。【考例41】 As I back into my car, I saw the same lady (look) in at me. 解析: looking。空格处作感官动词see的宾补,根据“同一位女士看着我”可知,应用现在分词looking表示主动或正在进行的动作。【考例42】 While she was getting me (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse

30、to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.解析: settled。空格处作使役动词get的宾补,根据 “我是被她安置在房间里”,故用过去分词表示被动的动作。3. 作表语(系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或补语(表示性质或状态),通常用形容词形式。【考例43】 Chinese scientists recently had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very

31、(care) mother. 解析: caring或careful。修饰名词mother应用形容词。【考例44】 Just be (patience).解析: patient。系动词be后接形容词构成系表结构4. 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子用副词形式。【考例45】 The title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. 解析: officially。修饰动词要用副词。【考例46】 (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.解析: Luckil

32、y。修饰整个句子要用副词。【考例47】 He must be (mental) disabled.解析: mentally。修饰形容词disabled,要用副词。5. 形容词和副词还要看是否有比较等级的变化,即用原级、比较级还是最高级。【考例48】 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of (great)and less importance.解析: greater。空格处与比较级less是并列关系。【考例49】 Inside w

33、as a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was (nice)gift Id ever received, and I was from a complete stranger.解析: the nicest。根据定语从句“Id ever received”可知,空格处应用最高级形式。6. 作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语时,前面可能有形容词修饰,一般用名词形式。【考例50】 Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of (

34、achieve).解析: achievement。介词of后接名词形式作宾语。【考例51】 Any smell might attract natural (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.解析: enemies。动词后接名词形式作宾语,此处natural enemies“天敌”,应用复数形式。7. 在指示代词、形容词性物主代词或者“冠词(+形容词)”后,常用名词形式。【考例52】 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from ro

35、ughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.解析: development。冠词the后接名词,the+名词+of.意为“的”。【考例53】 In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. 解析: ability。形容词性物主代词their后接名词。8. 当确

36、定所填的词是名词时,要考虑该名词是可数还是不可数,若是可数名词,要注意单、复数形式。【考例54】 The nursery team switches him every few (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum she never suspects. 解析: days。few修饰复数名词。9. 代词可能涉及人称代词的主格与宾格、形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词以及反身代词之间的转换。【考例55】 On my recent visit, I held a livel

37、y three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it) mother.解析: its。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词,此处指代前面的twin,故用its。【考例56】 Then the driver stoop up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear ! It is (I)”.解析: me /mine。此处可理解为“丢行李箱的人是我”或者“那个行李箱是我的”。10. 括号中所给词是动词,也有

38、可能是考查词类转换,涉及动词与名词、形容词或副词之间的转换。【考例57】 Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top (attract). 解析: attraction。形容词top后面跟名词形式。【考例58】 When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was (surprise) helpful.解析: surprisingly。副词surprisingly在句

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论