《电子线路》实验教学大纲课程编码

1、电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码History of charter schoolsThe charter school movement began in the early 1990sMinnesota was the first state to pass a charter school law in 1991New York followed in 1998 with the New York State Charter Schools Act (Education Law no. 2850-2857)Currently 41 states and the D

2、istrict of Columbia have laws allowing for Charter Schools 电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码Charter schools by the numbersCurrently, there are nearly 5,000 charter schools in 39 states and the District of Columbia, attended by more than 1.5 million studentsAs of fall 2009, New York City has 99 charter schools serving

3、more than 30,000 studentsFor the 2009-10 school year, approximately 40,000 students applied for 8,500 available seats in New York City 电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码Graphic source: The Effects of New York Citys Charter Schools on Student Achievement (2009) by Caroline Hoxby, Sonali Murarka, & Jenny Kang电子线路实验教学大纲课程

4、编码Charter school governanceCharter schools operate independently, and are governed by a not-for-profit board of trusteesThey are exempt from many state and local regulations regarding curriculum, personnel hiring, and financial managementHowever, all charter schools are accountable for student achie

5、vement on state exams; students must take and pass NY Regents exams电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码Charter school fundingcharter schools are public schools, funded by tax dollars, but they can also receive funding from private donors and non-profit organizations primary revenue source: per-pupil allocation from the s

6、tate government, determined by a standard formula that assures fewer dollars per pupil than the local district schoolscharter schools are eligible for federal funding for disadvantaged and disabled studentsunlike traditional public schools, charter schools do not receive any funding for school facil

7、ities电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码Charter school student selectionStudent entry to charter schools must be based on a lottery systemResearch shows that lotteried-in and lotteried-out applicants are alike on every observable dimension: race, ethnicity, gender, poverty, disability, English proficiencyStudents in New

8、 York City charter schools may not be selected on the basis of factors such as demographics or test scores电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码NYC Charter school: KIPPKIPP = Knowledge is Power ProgramKIPP NYC serves 1,300 students and 700 alumni; 80% from low-income families, 98% African American or Latino, all selected b

9、y lottery95% of KIPP NYC students scored at or above grade level in state math testing; 83% in English93% of KIPP NYC students graduated from high school (twice the New York City average)86% of students go to college (more than twice the national average for low income students)Innovative programs:

10、longer school days, Saturday school, music program, college support team电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码NYC Charter school: The Equity Project Charter School The Equity Project is a 480-student middle school in Washington Heights that opened in September 2009 (5th grade, building to 8th)Based on the premise that teac

11、her quality is the most important school-based factor in academic successthree-pronged strategy “the 3 Rs”: Rigorous Qualifications, Redefined Expectations, & Revolutionary Compensation电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码New York City Charter Schools Evaluation ProjectCaroline Hoxby et al. 2009Funded by a grant from the

12、U.S. Institute of Education Sciences (IES), part of the U.S. Department of EducationData on absolute test scores, value added performance, lottery-in vs. lottery-out data and social demographicsData analyzed for this study ranges from the 2000-2001 through the 2007-2008 academic years电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码H

13、oxby et al. 2009电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码Hoxby et al. 2009math and language arts grades 3 to 8电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码Hoxby et al. 2009Regents performance, grades 9 to 12The impact of these incremental increases is that for every year of charter school attendance, students are 7% more likely to pass the Regents examinat

14、ion on graduation电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码Scarsdale-Harlem modelHoxby et al. 2009The Scarsdale-Harlem achievement gap is a term used to compare achievement levels of students from one of the most affluent New York suburbs, Scarsdale, with those of students in HarlemHoxbys report shows that, on average, student

15、s who attended a charter school from kindergarten through eighth grade closed the Scarsdale-Harlem achievement gap by 86 percent in math and by 66 percent in English电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码Hoxby et al. 2009: key factorsIn evaluating the progress made by charter school students versus students who were lotteri

16、ed-out, the Hoxby report cites policies that seem to be tied with school success:Long school yearLarger amount of time devoted to English every dayDisciplinary policies that offer small rewards/small penalties for student behaviorTeacher pay based on performance rather than solely based on seniority

17、/tenureMission statement that underscores academic performance over other goals 电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码Hoxby et al. 2009: conclusionsCharter schools have a positive effect on student achievementThe nearly always positive effect is due to things charter schools share: autonomy, governance, incentives, flexibi

18、lityThe size of the effect is moderate for a single year, but adds up over time to close the achievement gapCertain policies should be tested more broadly, such as longer school year and flexible pay电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码Center for Research on Education Outcomes (CREDO) ReportCharter School Performance (200

19、9) by Margaret Raymond, Stanford Universitystudy examined 20,640 students from 49 public charter schools and compared them to demographically matched students in nearby public schools17% of charter schools reported academic gains that were significantly better than traditional public schools46% show

20、ed no difference from public schools37% were significantly worse than their traditional public school counterparts June 2009电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码CREDO Study 2009: conclusionsU.S. Charter schools showed a significantly greater variation in quality as compared with the more standardized public schoolsMany ch

21、arter schools seem to fall below public school performances, while a small number few exceed them significantly June 2009电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码Race to the Top“ Its time to stop just talking about education reform and start actually doing it. Its time to make education Americas national mission.” - President

22、 Barack Obama, November 4, 2009 电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码Race to the Top legislationSigned by President Obama on February 17, 2009Sponsored in the Senate by Ted Kennedy4.35 billion dollar incentive program designed by the US Dept of Education to promote progressive reform in the US education system, grades K t

23、hrough 12Competitive program whereby states will be appropriated funding based on the merits of their reform proposals电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码Race to the Top: goalsAdopting standards and assessments that prepare students to succeed in college and the workplace and to compete in the global economyBuilding data

24、 systems that measure student growth and success, and inform teachers and principals about how they can improve instructionRecruiting, developing, rewarding, and retaining effective teachers and principals, especially where they are needed mostTurning around the lowest-achieving schools电子线路实验教学大纲课程编

25、码A. State Success Factors (125 points) * (A)(3) Demonstrating significant progress in raising achievement and closing gapsB. Standards and Assessments (70 points) * (B)(1) Developing and adopting common standardsC. Data Systems to Support Instruction (47 points) * (C)(1) Fully implementing a statewi

26、de longitudinal data systemD. Great Teachers and Leaders (138 points) * (D)(2) Improving teacher and principal effectiveness based on performanceE. Turning Around the Lowest-Achieving Schools (50 points) * (E)(2) Turning around the lowest- achieving schoolsF. General Selection Criteria (55 points) *

27、 (F)(2) Ensuring successful conditions for high-performing charters and other innovative schoolsRace to the top: selection criteria电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码Race to the Top: Charter Schools (F)(2) Ensuring successful conditions for high-performing charter schools(i) The State has a charter school law that does

28、not prohibit or effectively inhibit increasing the number of high-performing charter schools in the State(ii) The State has laws, statutes, regulations, or guidelines regarding how charter school authorizers approve, monitor, hold accountable, reauthorize, and close charter schools; in particular, w

29、hether authorizers require that student achievement be one significant factor, among others, in authorization or renewalThe States charter schools receive equitable funding compared to traditional public schools, and a commensurate share of local, State, and Federal revenues(iv) The State provides c

30、harter schools with funding for facilitiesand the extent to which the State does not impose any facility-related requirements on charter schools that are stricter than those applied to traditional public schools电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码“Right now, there are many caps on how many charter schools are allowed in

31、some states, no matter how well theyre preparing our students. That isnt good for our children, our economy, or our country.”- President Barack Obama, March 10th 2009电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码Race to the Top: timelinePhase 1 applications for funding were due on January 19th, 201040 states applied for fundingPha

32、se 1 winners will be announced in April 2010The deadline for submitting Phase 2 applications is June 1st; phase 2 decisions will be announced in September 2010New York States share of the funding could be as large as $ 700 Million dollars电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码New York charter schools: new legislationNew Yor

33、k Charter Schools Act of 1998 allowed for 100 charter schools in the stateCap on charter schools in New York was raised to 200 in 2007Charter Schools in NY are evaluated and selected by The New York State Board of Regents and the State University of New Yorks Board of Trustees电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码NYC chart

34、er schools:understanding the cap100 charters may be authorized by the SUNY Board of Trustees100 charters may be authorized by the NYC Schools Chancellor (Joel Klein), other local school boards, or the state Board of RegentsWhen an authorized school closes (or if it never opens at all), it still coun

35、ts against the cap电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码Hoyt legislation 2009Part of New Yorks application for educational funding through Race to the TopProposed by State Assemblyman Sam Hoyt (D-Buffalo) in October 2009Bill would double the number of charter schools allowed in the state (from 200 to 400)Reserves at least 50 of the new schools for large urban districts like New York City电子线路实验教学大纲课程编码Hoyt legislation: limitationsBill would impose new regulations on the process of evaluating and approving new charter schools, particularly in NYCRemoves autho