历年考研英语习题

1、精选文档2012考研英语（一）真题参照答案SectionUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticesbecameanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot_itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw_justicesbehavelikepo

2、liticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_thecourtsreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial。JusticesAntoninScaliaandSamuelAlitoJr.,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourtsdecisionswillbe_asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejustic

3、esarenot_byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself_tothecodeofconductthat_totherestofthefederaljudiciary。Thisandothercases_thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla_betweenthecourtandpolitics。TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentposi

4、tions_theywouldbefreeto_thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely_。Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial_likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,

5、thelawit_isinescapablypoliticalwhichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_asunjust。Thejusticesmust_doubtsaboutthecourtslegitimacybymakingthemselves_tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmaketheirrulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,_,convincingaslaw。1AemphasizeBmaintainCmodifyDreco

6、gnize2AwhenBbestCbeforeDunles3ArenderedBweakenedCestablishedDeliminated4AchallengedBcompromisedCsuspectedDaccepted5.AadvancedBcaughtCboundDfounded6.AresistantBsubjectCimmuneDprone7.AresortsBsticksCleadsDapplies8.AevadeBraiseCdenyDsettle9.AlineBbarrierCsimilarityDconflict10.AbyBasCthroughDtowards11.A

7、soBsinceCprovidedDthough12.AserveBsatisfyCupsetDreplace13.AconfirmBexpressCcultivateDoffer14AguardedBfollowedCstudiedDtiedAconceptsBtheoriesCdivisionsDconvenience16.AexcludesBquestionsCshapesDcontrols17.AdismissedBreleasedCrankedDdistorted18.AsuppressBexploitCaddressDignore19.AaccessibleB.amiableCag

8、reeableDaccountable20.AbyallmeansBatallcostsCinawordDasaresultSectionReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text2Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitispe

9、rvasiveinouryounggirlslives.Itisnotthatpinkintrinsicallybad,butitisatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusedgirlsidentitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,.精选文档evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Loo

10、kingaround,despairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirlslivesandinterests。Girlsattractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,itsnot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingm

11、achinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.Whatsmore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blu

12、e,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildrensmarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminnatelyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefi

13、rstfewcriticalyears。Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildrensbehaviour:wrong.Turnsout,accordingtoDanielC

14、ook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketinggimmickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s。Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreateathirdsteppingstonebetweeninfantwearandolderkidsclothes.Itwasonlyaftertoddlerbecamecommonshopperstermthatit

15、evolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferencesorinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist。26Bysayingitis.Therainbow(line3,Para1)，theauthormeanspink_。A

16、shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhoodBshouldnotbeassociatedwithgirlsinnocenceCcannotexplaingirlslackofimaginationDcannotinfluencegirlslivesandinterests27AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?AColorsareencodedingirlsDNABBlueusedtoberegardedasthecolorforgirlsCPinkusedtobeaneutr

17、alcolorinsymbolizinggendersDWhiteispreferredbybabies28Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildrenspsychologicaldevotementwasmuchinfluencedby_。themarketingofproductsforchildrenBtheobservationofchildrensnatureresearchesintochildrensbehaviorDstudiesofchildhoodconsumption29.WemaylearnfromParagraph4that

18、departmentstoreswereadvised_。AfocusesoninfantwearandolderkidsclothesBattachequalimportancetodifferentgendersCclassifyconsumersintosmallergroupsDcreatesomecommonshoppersterms30.itcanbeconcludedthatgirlsattractiontopinkseemstobe_。AclearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendencyBfullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufact

19、urersCmainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmenDwellinterpretedbypsychologicalexpertsPartBDirections:.精选文档Forquestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA-Gandfillthemintothenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.ParagraphEhasbeencorrectlyplaced.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinwiththetext.M

20、arkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)SectionWritingPartA51.Directions:Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendof

21、thenotice.UsePostgraduatesAssociationinstead.(10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethepicturebriefly,explainitsintendedmeaning,andgiveyourcomments。Youshouldwriteneatlyonanswersheet2.2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题NationalEntranceTestofEng

22、lishforMA/MSCandidates(NETEM)跨考英语教研室杨凤芝SectionUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticesbecameanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot_itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw_ju

23、sticesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_thecourtsreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial。JusticesAntoninScaliaandSamuelAlitoJr.,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourtsdecisionswillbe_asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheprob

24、lemisthatthejusticesarenot_byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself_tothecodeofconductthat_totherestofthefederaljudiciary。Thisandothercases_thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla_betweenthecourtandpolitics。TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejus

25、ticespermanentpositions_theywouldbefreeto_thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely_。Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial_likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsoci

26、alpolicydecisions,thelawit_isinescapablypoliticalwhichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_asunjust。Thejusticesmust_doubtsaboutthecourtslegitimacybymakingthemselves_tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmaketheirrulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,_,convincingaslaw。.精选文档1Aemphasi

27、zeBmaintainCmodifyDrecognize2AwhenBbestCbeforeDunless3ArenderedBweakenedCestablishedDeliminated4AchallengedBcompromisedCsuspectedDaccepted5.AadvancedBcaughtCboundDfoundedAresistantBsubjectCimmuneDprone7.AresortsBsticksCleadsDapplies8.AevadeBraiseCdenyDsettle9.AlineBbarrierCsimilarityDconflict10.AbyB

28、asCthroughDtowards11.AsoBsinceCprovidedDthough12.AserveBsatisfyCupsetDreplace13.AconfirmBexpressCcultivateDoffer14AguardedBfollowedCstudiedDtiedAconceptsBtheoriesCdivisionsDconvenience16.AexcludesBquestionsCshapesDcontrols17.AdismissedBreleasedCrankedDdistorted18.AsuppressBexploitCaddressDignore19.A

29、accessibleB.amiableCagreeableDaccountable20.AbyallmeansBatallcostsCinawordDasaresultSectionReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text2Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedw

30、iththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirlslives.Itisnotthatpinkintrinsicallybad,butitisatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusedgirlsidentitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutaseviden

31、ceofinnocence。Lookingaround,despairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirlslivesandinterests。Girlsattractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,itsnot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabefor

32、edomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.Whatsmore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociate

33、dwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildrensmarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminnatelyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemal

34、e,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears。Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildrensbehaviour:wrong.Turnsout,a

35、ccordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketinggimmickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s。Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincrease.精选文档sales,theyshouldcreateathirdsteppingstonebetweeninfantwearandolderkidsclothes.Itwasonlyaftertoddlerbecameco

36、mmonshopperstermthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferencesorinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist。26Bysayingitis.Therainbow(line3,Para1)

37、，theauthormeanspink_。AshouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhoodBshouldnotbeassociatedwithgirlsinnocenceCcannotexplaingirlslackofimaginationDcannotinfluencegirlslivesandinterests27AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?AColorsareencodedingirlsDNABBlueusedtoberegardedasthecolorforgi

38、rlsCPinkusedtobeaneutralcolorinsymbolizinggendersDWhiteispreferredbybabies28Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildrenspsychologicaldevotementwasmuchinfluencedby_。AthemarketingofproductsforchildrenBtheobservationofchildrensnatureCresearchesintochildrensbehaviorDstudiesofchildhoodconsumption29.Wema

39、ylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvised_。AfocusesoninfantwearandolderkidsclothesBattachequalimportancetodifferentgendersCclassifyconsumersintosmallergroupsDcreatesomecommonshoppersterms30.itcanbeconcludedthatgirlsattractiontopinkseemstobe_。AclearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendencyBfullyunde

40、rstoodbyclothingmanufacturersCmainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmenDwellinterpretedbypsychologicalexpertsPartBDirections:Forquestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA-Gandfillthemintothenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.ParagraphEhasbeencorrectlyplaced.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesno

41、tfitinwiththetext.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)SectionWritingPartA51.Directions:Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyo

42、urownnameattheendofthenotice.UsePostgraduatesAssociationinstead.(10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould.精选文档1)describethepicturebriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments。Youshouldwriteneatlyonanswersheet2.1.B2.A3.B4.D5.C

43、6.B7.D8.B9.A10.B11.A12.C13.C14.D15.A16.C17.A18.C19.D20.D21.D22.D23.A24.C25.D26.C27.A28.A29.B30.B31.A32.D33.B34.D35.D36.C37.D38.B39.A40.A41.C42.D43.A44.F45.G46.在物理学上，一种方法是将这种激动完满发挥到极点并且导找到一种全能的理论一条我们都能够看的见，理解的广泛公式。47.在这里，达尔文主义仿佛供给了一个准则，假如全部的人类都有共同的发源，那么文化差别能够找寻到更早的可控的发源也是合理的。48.从我们的共同特色中过滤独到性能够使我们理解文

44、化行为的复杂性发源以及是什么在进化方面和认知方面指导我们人类。49、其实，由约书亚格林伯说，将更多的经验主义用在了广泛性上，考证很多语言所共有的特色，这些特色被以为是代表了由认知限制造成的成见。乔姆斯基的语法应当表现了语言改正的模式，是经过独立的家谱或由它所追踪的路径，而经过性展望的特定种类间的合作关系。PartA47.Directions：Supposeyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythatyouboughtfromanonlinestoretheotherday.Writeandemailtothecustomer

45、servicecenterto1)makeacomplaint，and2)demandapromptsolution.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“ZhangWei”instead.参照范文：DearMr./Miss：ThisletterisacomplaintconcerningtheelectronicdictionaryIboughtfromyouronlinestoretheotherday.TwoweeksagoImailedthemoneyt

46、hatorderedandsoonreceivedtheelectronicdictionary.Ifollowedtheinstructionsattachedwithit.InsteadIcannotgetitstartedanyway.Afterchangedthebatteryinsideseveraltimesinvain，Itotallygaveitup.Iwrotetoyourcompanyexpectingapromptsolutiontothisproblem.Iwouldhopethatyoucoulddosomethingtogivemeasatisfactoryfeed

47、back.AndIwillappreciateitverymuchifyouputastricttestontheseelectronicdictionaries，thusstopthecontinuingcomplaintsandsuffersofothercomtomers.SincerelyYours，ZhangWei2012年考研英语真题：作文题目及范文作文一些外国留学生将要来你的大学，以学生会的名义给他们写一封email,1.表示你的欢迎2.为他们在这里的校园生活供给一些建议请写100个字左右，请不要在信的末端写你的名字，用笔名取代，不要写地址。范文亲爱的同学们，第一请同意我代表我校

48、的各位领导老师及同学们对你们的到来表示热忱的欢迎，欢迎到达我校学习和生活。.精选文档不一样国家的校园生活有所不一样，为了使你们的生活更为舒坦，下边我将介绍一些在我校生活的一些建议。第一，在中国不可以够直呼老师的名字，因为中国是一个礼仪之邦，中国人用称号表达对老师的尊敬。其次，希望你们珍惜在中国学习的时间，主动增添与中国人交流的时机，这样既能提高你们的汉语水平，也能认识中国的文化。最后，假如你们在生活和学习上碰到困难，实时与我们交流。祝你们在中国的留学生活快乐!学生会Dearstudents,Firstofall,allowme,onbehalfoftheleadersofourschoolte

49、achersandstudentsarewarmlywelcometocometoyou,welcometoourschoolandlife.Campuslifeisdifferentindifferentcountries,inordertomakeyourlifemorecomfortable,thefollowingIwilldescribesomeoftheproposalsinmyschoollife.Firstofall,cannotcalltheteachersnameinChina,becauseChinaisaritualofceremony,Chineseusedtocal

50、ltheexpressionofrespectforteachers.Secondly,IhopeyoucherishthetimestudyinginChina,taketheinitiativetoincreaseopportunitiesforinteractionwithChinesepeople,sothatbothcanimproveyourChineselanguagelevel,canunderstandChineseculture.Finally,ifyouencounterdifficultyinlivingandlearning,tocommunicatewithusin

51、atimelymanner.WishesyoutostudyabroadinChinaliveininterestingtimes!StudentUnion作文2：这幅漫画象征性的描绘了一个倒在地上的瓶子，一些牛奶洒了出来。在这个瓶子的旁边站着两个人，一个没精打采的说“全完了!”，而另一个则说“幸亏还剩点儿!”。这幅画所表达的内容既意义深远又振聋发聩。这幅漫画的目的是告诉我们在生活、工作和学习中碰到挫折时，不一样的人拥有不一样的态度。踊跃乐观的人老是能够发掘事情好的一面，而悲观悲观的人老是为他失掉的东西悲伤诉苦。总之，一个人的态度能够决定他的成败。在我看来，我们应当向那个踊跃乐观的人学习。在生

52、活中不论碰到什么样的困难，我们都应当用踊跃乐观的态度来面对。只有这样，我们才能获得成功。Thiscartoontokendescribesabottlethatfelltotheground,somemilkspilledout.Thebottlestandsnexttotwopeople,adejectedsayingisallover!WhileanothersaidFortunatelyhaveleft!。Thecontents”expressedinthepaintingisbothmeaningfulandthought-provoking.Thiscartoonisdesigned

53、totellustolive,workandlearningaredown,you,differentpeopleholddifferentattitudes.Optimisticpeoplecanalwaysdiscoverwhatsgoodside,andnegativeandpessimisticpeoplealwayslosingthingssadforhimtocomplain.Inshort,apersonsattitudescanmakeorbreakhim.Inmyopinion,weshouldlearnfromthepositiveandoptimisticman.Noma

54、tterwhatdifficultiesshemetinlife,weshoulduseapositiveandoptimisticattitudetoface.Onlyinthisway,wecanbesuccessful.精选文档法硕结盟是由北京大学、中国人民大学、中国政法大学、清华大学、西南政法大学等高校在读法律硕士学长创立的网站。自2007年景立以来，以在读学长多、法硕信息多、vip会员分数高等优势享誉全国，特别是论坛法硕考前押题更是被全国法硕考生奉为考前必看资料（2012被媒体报导）。加入付费vip会员=威望名师课程+在读学长答疑+考前绝密展望。2012年论坛直接与中国最威望考研类图

55、书第一版社-高等教育第一版社合作第一版2013年法律硕士历年真题及答案详解一书，旨在打造最好的法硕真题图书，该书未第一版即本广大法硕战友率先预约。我们向来专心在做，我们会全力做得更好！2011年考研英语一真题及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealBut_someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfilnessLaugh

56、terdoes_short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto_,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave_benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes._,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe_,studiesdat

57、ingbacktothe1930sindicatethatlaughter.muscles,Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof_feedback,thatimproveanindividualemotionalsstate._oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted_physicalreactions.Itw

58、asarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry_theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhentetearsbegintoflow.Althoughsadnessalso_tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow_muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritz.1AamongBexceptCdespiteDlike2AreflectBdemandCindicateDproduce3Astab

59、ilizingBboostingCimpairingDdetermining4AtransmitBsustainCevaluateDobserve5AmeasurableBmanageableCaffordableDrenewable6AInturnBInfactCInadditionDInbrief7AoppositeBimpossibleCaverageDexpected8AhardensBweakensCtightensDrelaxes9AaggravateBgenerateCmoderateDenhance10AphysicalBmentlCsubconsciousDinternal1

60、1AExceptforBAccordingtoCDuetoDAsfor12AwithBonCinDat13AunlessBuntilCifDbecause14AexhaustsBfollowsCprecedesDsuppresses15AintoBfromCtowardsDbeyond16AfetchBbiteCpickDhold17AdisappointedBexcitedCjoyfulDindifferent18AadaptedBcateredCturnedDreacted19AsuggestingBrequiringCmentioningDsupposing20AEventuallyBC