21世纪大学英语第一册第二单元笔记 Conversational Ballgames

1、Unit Two Text AConversational BallgamesIWords & Expressions1. conversationan informal talke.g. He told the newspapermen about the conversation, but would not play them the actual tape of it.他向新闻记者讲了这次谈话的情况，却不愿把实况录音磁带放给他们听。The band drowned our conversation.乐队的演奏声把我们谈话的声音淹没了。The professor invited his

2、students to his home for conversation.教授邀请学生们到自己家里会晤。语法用法】在说“跟进行谈话”可以说“hold 或 have a conversation，不能说 take a conversation。e.g. I found it dnot easy to make conversation with her.在这里 make不可以改成 hold 或 。【词义辨析】conversation, dialogue, talk, chat这些名词均含“交谈”之意。conversation: 一般用词，指两个或更多人互相交换意见的交谈。dialogue: t

3、alk: 普通用词，可与 conversation换用，指正式交谈。chat: 指熟人之间非常随便的交谈，强调谈话的亲密和非正式性2. startlemake suddenly surprise or slightly shockede.g. The least noise would startle the timid child.最小的响声也会吓着这个胆小的孩子的。He was startled by the news.这消息使他大吃一惊。He gave me a startle.他吓了我一跳。【词义辨析】surprise, amaze, astonish, startle这些动词均含“使

4、惊愕，使惊讶，使惊奇”之意。surprise: 普通用词，多指因未预料或意外的事而引起的惊奇之感。amaze: 语气较强，指因认为不可能或极少可能发生情况的出现而感到惊讶或迷惑不解。astonish: 语气较强，指出乎预料，意外发生，但又无法解释而感到惊奇。startle: 指因突然的惊吓或意料不到的刺激等而使人惊跳或震惊。halta a a a a1Unit Two Text A a 【词义辨析】cease, pause, stop, halt, quit, end这些动词均含有“停止”之意。cease: 指逐渐、徐徐中止某种状态的存在。书面用词。pause: 指暂时的、瞬间的停顿，隐含有再

5、进行之意。stop: 指动作、运行、进展等被停下来，含突然、断然的意味。halt: 侧重突然地、决定性地终止、停止某一活动。quit: 指最终彻底停止某事，有时暗示遭到失败或面临挫折。end: The book ends on page 364该书在第364 4. handledeal withe.g. The speaker was roughly handled by the mob.演说者受到暴民的粗暴对待。I was impressed by her handling of the affair.我觉得她对此事的处理很了不起。An officer must know how to ha

6、ndle his men.当军官的应懂得怎样统率士兵Gelignite is dangerous stuff to handle.葛里炸药是不可随便触碰的危险材料。We dont handle that sort of book.我们不经销那一类书。Hes not a very good teacherhe doesnt know how to handle children.他不是一个好的老师他不懂得如何对待孩子。Customers are asked not to handle the goods in the shop.请顾客不要触摸商店里的货物。Pick up the typewrit

7、er case by the handle.抓住把手，把打字机箱子拿起来。【词义辨析】deal with, cope with, dispose of, manage, handledeal with: 既可指处理具体事情，也可指处理或解决具有抽象意义的问题。cope with: 指成功地处理或对付更为重大，更为严重的问题或事物。dispose of: 与 deal with 同义，普通用法。e: 指处理日常事务与工作，也可指经营管理。handle: 4. challenge-n. 挑战; v. 向 . 挑战e.g. The time was ripe for a challenge to t

8、he power of the government.时机已经成熟，可以向政府权力提出挑战了。They had challenged and beaten the best team in the world.他们曾向世界上最强的球队挑战并将他们打败。2Unit Two Text AThis career offers a challenge.这份职业具有挑战性。Nowadays no one will challenge the fact that the earth is round.现在没有人会对地球是圆的这一事实提出异议。5. responsible-adj. 有责任的, 责任重大的,

9、 负责的, 可靠的e.g. Our teacher is a very responsible person.我们的老师是一个非常可靠的人。She holds a very responsible position in the firm.她在公司里身居要职。Whos responsible for the terrible mess?谁应该对这种混乱负责？【语法用法】 be responsible for见。. The cold weather is responsible for his absence. the person responsibleI want to see the pe

10、rson responsible. responsible后面可跟 that从句。The writer of a letter is responsible that it will be understood by its recipient. be responsible to be responsible for后跟物，指“对错句: We must be responsible to the students behaviour.订正: We must be responsible for the students behaviour.翻译: 我们要对学生的行为负责。分析: be res

11、ponsible to be responsible for后跟物，指“对某事负6. coming before in time or ordere.g. Have you had previous career experience?你过去有过工作经验吗？Previous to the conference we had discussed the matter among ourselves.在会议之前，我们讨论了这个问题。【词义辨析】previous, foregoing, preceding, prior, former这些形容词均可表示“在前的”之意。: 指时间上、顺序上较早的，或指

12、正在谈论的某事的前一个。g: 指前所述的，是 following的反义词。: 特指时间和地位上紧接在前。prior: 与 previous同义，常可换用，但 prior有时强调更大的重要性，对比意味强。former: 系 latter 的反义词，比 prior更着重对比。6. -v. 记录, 登记, 注册, 挂号; n. 暂存器, 记录, 登记簿; n. 语语域, 音域通风调节设备3Unit Two Text Ae.g. Her face registered dismay.她脸上流露出惊慌的神色He slammed the door to register his disapproval.他

13、砰的一声把门关上以示不满。Each class has a register of 50 students.每班有 50 名学员注册。The car was registered in my name.汽车是用我的名字登记注册的。【语法用法】 register作动词指“挂号”时，动词主语可用寄信人或邮局职员。I want to register this letter. “have this letter registeredregistered 属于被动语态，表示”使这信被挂号； register作动词表示“登记，注册”时，后跟介词 with。All the local newspapers

14、 should be registered with the municipal authorities. registerLet me register my admiration for your work. register office registry 。7. snatchget hold of (sth.) hastily; take in a hurry, esp. forcefullye.g. He snatched up his gun and fired.他突然拿起枪来射击。The hawk snatched the chicken and flew away.老鹰抓住小鸡

15、飞走了。8. switchchangee.g. Long lectures really switch me off.我觉得冗长的演讲很烦人。Our glasses have been switched this is mine.咱们的玻璃杯对调了这个是我的。II. Language Focus1. for a for some time; for a period of timee.g. Now that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while.既然有空，我可以享受一下音乐。Could you please keep silent for a whi

16、le?你能不能清静一会儿?Would you care to sit down for a while?你要不要坐一会呢？She has been playing with her handkerchief for a while when the meeting began.她玩弄手帕好一会儿，会开始了。Now we are busy. Lay that problem aside for a while, please.现在我们很忙，请把好个问题暂时搁在一边吧。She lay musing for a while.4Unit Two Text A她躺着沉思了一会儿。The film man

17、aged to distract me from these problems for a while.这部影片分散了我的注意力，让我暂时忘记了这些难题。She sat stunned for a while, until she recovered.她一时昏迷，坐下呆了一会儿才醒过来。2. to the point to the extent thate.g. I studied Japanese to the point where I became a fluent speaker.I could not fall asleep unless I exercised to the poi

18、nt of exhaustion.to the point: 切题, 切中要害e.g. She hates him to the point of not talking to him.她讨厌他到不和他讲话的程度。Noise is coming to the point where we cant put up with it.噪音快到我们无法忍受的地步。The speaker came to the point straight away.讲演者直述要点。They argued to the point of fighting with each other.他们争吵到打架的程度。He di

19、dnt say anything to the point.他没有说出什么很中肯的东西。To regret ones errors to the point of not repeating them is true repentance.对自己的错误后悔到不致重犯的程度是真正的后悔。Im in a hurry, so come to the point.我赶时间，直截了当说出来吧。Lets get to the point.让我们言归正传。3. just as, so-sth. happens in the same way as anothere.g. Just as the French

20、 love their wine, so the English love their beer.Just as Christmas is an important holiday for westerners, so is the Chinese New Year to the Chinese.Just as every coin has two sides, is no exception.4. agree” 的用法【语法用法】 agree指“承认”时，后可接 that 从句。I agree that the book is well worth reading. 不定式前通常加 agre

21、e而不是 accept。I agreed to meet them here.不用accept to 。 agree接不同介词表示不同意思：agree withI agree with you.I agree with what you say.m afraid I t agree with you on this point.agree toI agree to the proposal / arrangement.I hope they would agree to our terms.5Unit Two Text Aagree on/upon指“双方They agree on/upon

22、these terms.The two sides agreed on the price of the land. agreed that 从句。We are agreed that the meeting must be held not later than 8 August. agree也可作为及物动词的过去分词。We met at an agreed place at an agreed time.5. knock down: 击倒, 撞倒, 拆除e.g. (Having been) Knocked down by a car, he spent a week in the hosp

23、ital.被车子撞倒后，他在医院里度过了一星期。He knocked down his opponent with a powerful left.他一记有力的左手拳将对手击倒。His hapless lover was knocked down by a car.他那不幸的恋人被汽车撞倒了。These old houses are going to be knocked down.这些旧房子将予拆除。I managed to knock his price/him down (from 500 to 450).我设法压了他的价从 500 英镑减到 450 英镑).The painting w

24、as knocked down (to an American dealer) for 5000.那幅画拍卖时以 5000 英镑售出给一个美国商人).He knocked his opponent down three times in the first round.在第一回合中他把对手击倒了三次。She was knocked down by a bus.她被公共汽车撞倒了。6. no wonder: used to express sth. is fully anticipated难怪, 怪不得e.g. It is no wonder (that) hell sign the contr

25、act tomorrow.他明天签约是不足为怪的。No wonder people say that computers are taking over the world.难怪有人说电子计算机正渐渐接管世界。No wonder the firm makes a loss; the office is terribly overstaffed.难怪公司亏损，办公室严重超编。No wonder you are licking your chops, theres pork for dinner.怪不得你们在舐着嘴唇，原来晚餐有肉。No wonder you were late!难怪你来晚了！7.

26、 fall apart: break; fall to pieces; end in failuree.g. I slipped on the floor and the glass in my hand fell apart.Lisa did what she could to keep the marriage from falling apart.8. get sth. going: start doing sth.; make sth. begin to operatee.g. Weve spent too much time discussing; now lets get the

27、program going.Put two quarters in the slot, and you can get the washing machine going.9. take ones turn: take an opportunity or a duty to do sth.6Unit Two Text Ae.g. The team members each take a turn to speak, and then remain silent until their turn comes round again.After my colleagues I also took

28、my turn to greet our new boss.If people take turns to do something, they do it one after another.10. refer to: vt. 涉及, 指的是, 提作, 参考, 适用于e.g. Dont refer to this matter again, please.请不要再提这件事了。For further particulars, please refer to Chapter Ten.详情请看第 10 章。The new law does not refer to land used for fa

29、rming.这条新的法律不适用于农用土地。For net meeting instructions refer to Microsofts documentation or online help.关于 NetMeeting指南，可参考 Microsoft文档或在线帮助。It can also refer to a conflict or disagreement, often involving violence.这个词还可指冲突或不和，常涉及暴力行动。11. now that: as a result of the fact; sincee.g. She is much more mobi

30、le now that she has a car.她现在出去方便多了，她有了一辆汽车。Now that you are a college student, you should learn to be independent of your parents help.既然你已是个大学生了，就应当学着独立，不靠父母的帮助。Now that you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母。Now that Im 90, I find the exertions of travelling too great.我已经年届 90, 出远门已力不从心。Now that Ive paid the tax demand and the childrens school fees, Ill be head-over-hee