高中英语总复习之阅读理解题解题技巧课件

1、阅读理解题解题技巧高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能：、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和推理；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图和态度； 7、根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、 概括关键内容或作重要词词语转换。因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种:命 题 类主旨大意型事实细节型 词 义 猜 测 型推 理 判 断 型一、主旨大意题 （做题要领）1. 干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。2. 干扰项 可能属从文中某些 (不完全的

2、) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3. 干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。正确答案是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph ?A. GM is one of the largest car producers.B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign cars have not t

3、aken away the jobs from American autoworkers.D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers(汽车工人).解释段落 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before.

4、 The flood of cheaper foreign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet

5、 the needs of an insatiable(不能满足的)society.问题解释 文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。 提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。事实细节型 解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：1）Which of the following statement is true?2）Which of the fo

6、llowing is not mentioned in the text?3）The author ( or the passage) states that_.4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275Q2) Which statement is TRUE accor

7、ding to the chart above?A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A fa

8、rmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.文章解释P14 The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured i

9、n calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows. CALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,100Boy aged 16 3

10、,000Woman 3,600Farmer 2,600问题【解析】答案为 D 。 根据文章细节内容，计算公式为： (90-35)51=275【解析】答案为 C 。 根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很易找出 C 符合图表内容。文章问题词义猜测型 同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。 反义法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。 释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）或同位语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号

11、等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。 情景推断法、代词替代法等Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to mainta

12、ining their roles as housewi- ves and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得的). 解释本题答案选C这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中的大多数妇女，受过教育的 （educated）和没有受过教育的 （illiterate）；住在城市的 （urban）和住在农村的（rural），年轻的（young）和年长的（old）正好是一对对反义词。因此选 C 项。推理判断型 推

13、理判断题：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。 透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。 以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。1. 推断隐含意义 2.推断作者观点或态度 3.推断写作目的 4.推断文章出处 5.推断文脉逻辑关系阅读推理判断题推断题分类 1. 问题形式: 1)It can be inferred from the text that . 2)From the text we know that is most likely . 3)Whe

14、n the writer talks about , what the writer really means is . 4)The writer suggests that . 5)The story implies that . 6)We can infer conclude from the passage that . 这类题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语。一、如何推断隐含意义2.技巧点拨1).全面分析 2).忠实原文3).不要选择表层信息1.Did you ever hear a strange sound coming fro

15、m the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle(木锤). Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called “the deathwatch(守灵) beetle. The sound of this beetle _.A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people.

16、 D. excited people.Practice:2. It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it. If you dont turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）the underside will die. You can tell that rocks _.A. hurt sea an

17、imals B. protect sea animalsC. wont be found on beaches D. cant be found on beaches二、如何推断作者观点和态度： 1. 问题形式:The writers attitude towards is_.The writer thought that_.According to the author _.2.技巧点拨注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。2. Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read abou

18、t is murder, bribery(行贿)，and death. Frankly，Im sick of all the bad news. This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _. A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform说明文中作者的态度: objective neutral在议论文中，有：(1)positive (2)negative(3)neutral (4)approval (5) disapproval(6) indifferent(7)ironic

19、 (8)critical (9)optimistic (10)pessimistic客观的消极的漠不关心的赞成的不赞成的乐观的悲观的中立的积极的讽刺的批评的中立的(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图A. The writer uses the example ofto show that _.B. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.C. are mentioned in the first paragraph to _. 2. 常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 但写作目的通常

20、有以下三种：(1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑）(2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）(3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）常见于故事类的文章。to make people laugh; to tell an interesting experience常见于广告类的文章。to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors / readers / audience多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类的文章。1. “Have you ever b

21、een out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. The writer uses the two question

22、s at the beginning of the passage to _. A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer them2. A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa, a nearby village. T

23、hey lived with the mans big family-his parents, his brothers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar. Three months later the woman went back to her parents home, having quarreled with her h

24、usband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went to the womans home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk(象鼻) and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the ac

25、t of the animal that she returned to her husbands home. The writer wrote the story in order to_. A. show that elephants are very clever B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal C. show that women care more for animals than men do D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife1. 问题形式:1)The passag

26、e is most likely to be taken from_.2)Where would this passage most probably appear?3)The passage is most likely a part of _.四、如何推断文章出处2. 解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：(1)报纸: 前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称 (2)广告: 因其格式特殊，容易辨认 (3)产品说明: 器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等 1.（全国卷）Do you always understand the direc

27、tions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To reduce pain, take two tablets(药片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (缓解疼痛) ta

28、ke two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount (量). For children under six years old, ask your doctors advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.T

29、his text is most probably taken from a _. A. textbook B. newsreel(新闻片) C. doctors notebook D. bottle of medicine2. More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window

30、. Wearing a seat belt（安全带）saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear

31、your belt. But it will be the drivers responsibility（责任）to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery（发送）or collection u

32、sing a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances（情形）apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court

33、 that you have been excused from wearing it. This text is taken from _. A. a medical magazine B. a police report C. an advertisement（广告）D. a government information booklet （小册子）More than 30,000 are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year.you could be fined up to $ 50Remember you may be taken to cou

34、rt you may be fined a police report解题技巧：推测下文的内容：根据作者的思路进行推理推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别是文段 开始的几句话。五推断文脉逻辑关系1)推断上下文内容问题形式:The next paragraph would most probably deal with _The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss _. When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their e

35、nvironment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped(剥去) bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in for

36、ests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing(放牧) area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication(驯养) of animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of

37、 meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication (老练) was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities. The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about _. A. fire B. hunting C. farming D. urbanization （城市化）2.解题技巧：按段落的组织方法理解文

38、章结构按写作方法（论证方法）理解文章结构 2)推断篇章组织结构 1.问题形式: Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? How is the passage organized?推理判断题其它常见的命题形式：1.The passage implies (暗示) that_.2.We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that_.3.Which of the following can be inferred (推论)?4.What is the tone (语气) o

39、f the author ?5.What is the purpose (目的) of this passage?6.The passage is intended to _.7.Where would this passage most probably appear? Q: The concept of personal choice about health is important because_. A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses. B. it helps raise the level of our medic

40、al knowledge. C. it is basic to personal freedom in American society. D. wrong decisions could lead to poor health.文章解析：据前两句可以得知，不良的选择会导致健康状况变坏，因此答案选 D 。选出的答案一定要在原文中找到依据或理由，不能只凭常识或自己主观胡乱推测。 The concept (n. 观念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percent

41、of all illnesses might be preventable if individual (n. 个人 ) made sound ( adj. 健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.现在的) medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n.界限 ) of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse to wea