句子成分和句型-完整版PPT

1、一个英语句子结构可分为两大类主 谓 宾主 系 表表动作表状态I love China主 谓 宾He is a good boy主 系 表主语(Subject)：是一个句子所叙述的主题，通常由名词或代词，动名词等来担任。Music becomes more and more popular.（名词）2) We often speak English in class.（代词）3) Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）2. 谓语(Predicate)：说明主语所做的动作或状态。由动词来担任，分为实义动词和连系动词其中前者又可分为及物动词(vt)和不及物动词(v

2、i)。动词有着各种时态和语态的变化。 The train leaves at 6 oclock. I run fast. He won the game. Tom lost his life in the big forest.3. 宾语(Object)：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。The train reached Beijing at 6 oclock. Tom lost his life in the big forest.介詞+名詞介宾短語在句中作狀語。动词+名词=动宾短语在句中作谓语宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） You lend me yo

3、ur dictionary. My mother bought my brother a computer.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语） They elected him their monitor. I find the homework difficult to finish.4. 表语(Predicative)：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，位于系动词之后：常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was), look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,stay,become,get,grow,come,go, .The cake t

4、astes nice.The water feels cold.These stories sound interesting.5. 定语(Attribute)：修饰名词或代词，起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，译为的。Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） He is reading an article about how tolearn English.（介词短语）He has a sister who works in Hong Kong. (定语从句) 6. 状语(adverbial)：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态的特征。 可表示时间,地

5、点,原因, 目的,程度,伴随, 等.1) He went to school at six?（时间）2) Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点）3) Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因）4)In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的）5) I am very sorry.（程度）6) She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随）7.同

6、位语：当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，用于说明前面某一个名词或代词的内容的成分就叫同位语。We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批学生）We all are students. (all是we的同位语，都指同样的我们） 八大句子成分：主语， 谓语， 宾语，（宾语补足语）， 表语，定语，状语， 同位语。主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语直宾间宾VtVi英语句子基本成分示意图定语/同位语状语定语/同位语系动词（V-l） I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主语谓语定语

7、宾语同位语状语The handsome boy becomes interested in English from now on .主语状语定语系动词表语My head aches. /She came主语 不及物动词She is happy主语 系动词 表语She likes English.主语 及物动词 宾语She gave John a bookShe bought me a book.主语 及物动词 间接宾语 直接宾语She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.主语 及物动词 宾语 宾语补足语

8、简单句基本句型实例Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go.一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? The old man sitting at the gate said that he was ill.一个

9、完整的句子做宾语，那么这个句子叫宾语从句。(二) 挑出下列句中的表语- The old man was feeling very tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon They all became interested in the subject.- My dream is that I can be admitted into a key university.一个完整的句子做表语，那么这个句子叫表语从句。(三) 挑出下列句中的定语1. What is your last name?2. I am afraid some people

10、forgot to clean the floor.3. The man in the gym was trying to sleep.4.Gym is a place where you can exercise and have fun.一个完整的句子做表语，那么这个句子叫表语从句。(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bu

11、s.(五) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. He began to learn English when he was eleven.一个完整的句子做状语，那么这个句子叫状语从句。英语句子的类型简单句并列句复合句只有一个主谓结构有两个或两个以上主谓结构一个主句加一个或几个从句并列句用分号或并列连词把两个或几个简单句连接起来的句子。用分号：We fished a

12、ll day; we didnt catch a thing.用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等）We fished all day, but we didnt catch a thing.Exercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。He was tired, so he went to bed.1. He was tired. He went to bed. 2. The child didnt go out. He was afraid of the dog.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.He made a promise, but He didnt keep it. The child didnt go out, because he was afraid of the dog.由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子,中间用从属连词连接。主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句 = 主句 +从属连词+从句复合句复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：