高考英语复习课件短文改错解题指导(共45张)

1、短文改错解题指导 短文改错考查发现和纠正错误的能力。它是测试写作能力的一种客观方式。这种题型不仅要求能够牢固掌握一定的词汇和语法知识，还要求具有一定的阅读理解和逻辑推理能力。考生在平时写作中常出现的错误是短文改错考查的重点。解题指导解题步骤第一步：通读全文，了解大意。通过浏览全文，从宏观上把握文章的主旨、时态、人称，为下一步的纠错做好准备。第二步：逐句推敲，纠正错误。仔细阅读每个句子，同时找出并纠正错误。第三步：重读全文，修正答案。重新仔细阅读全文，检查已修改的部分是否正确且符合逻辑，并尽可能发现漏掉的错误。应试策略做短文改错时，应注意以下情况：1.看到平行结构时，要检查是否有用词不一致或成分

2、缺失而引起的句子不平衡错误；2.看到转折、因果、对比等结构时，要检查是否有行文逻辑方面的错误；3.看到多重结构句时，要检查是否有时态、语态、引导词或成分残缺等错误；4.看到名词、代词结构时，要检查是否有数、格或指代不一致的错误；5.看到固定短语、词组时，要检查副词、介词、冠词等是否有使用错误或缺失。考点归纳 短文改错涉及面广，综合性强，但是有一定的规律性。一、名词数。主要考查可数名词和不可数名词辨析、可数名词单复数等。1. He has ruined his healthy. 解：名词用法。his是形容词性物主代词，其后应接名词，故应将healthy改为health。2. He was tal

3、l, with broad shoulder and a beard . 解：名词单复数。“宽厚的肩膀”应用broad shoulders，将shoulder改为复数形式。3. Hard work have made him very ill. 解：主语和谓语在数上的一致性。本句的主语Hard work是不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数，应将have改为has。二、动词形。主要考查动词的时态、语态等。1. I was only four when she passes away. 解：动词时态。主句是一般过去时，when引导的时间状语从句也应用一般过去时，故应将passes改为passed。2.

4、Many trees are planting in spring every year.解：动词语态。tree与plant之间是被动关系，用被动语态，将plant改为planted。三、还要注意形和副。主要考查形容词和副词的词性、比较级和最高级、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式的形容词辨析等。1. Interesting, it had a connection . 解：副词可以放在句首，用作状语修饰后面的整个句子，并用逗号与后面的句子分开，这里应将Interesting改为Interestingly，表示“有趣的是”。类似的副词还有surprisingly, naturally, hope

5、fully, normally等。2. I remember my grandfather very much. 解：副词用法。这句话的意思是“我清楚地记得我的（外）祖父”。very much表示“很，非常”，不能用来修饰remember，应将much改为well或clearly。3. . I was beginning to get impatiently. 解：get在本句中是系动词，“达到某状态或情况；变得”，后应接形容词，应将impatiently改为impatient。4. I learned early in life that I had to be more patient a

6、nd little aggressive. 解：形容词比较级。and前是比较级，后面也应该是比较级，应将little改为less。5. I am awfully tiring . 解：动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式的形容词辨析。由语境可知，本句的意思是“我非常累”，故应将tiring改为tired。四、代词格，细领悟。主要考查各类代词的用法及其误加与漏用。1. He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others . 解：which指代的是voice，从句意为“声音将他和其他人区分开来”，从语意上看此处不需要使用反身代词，故应将hi

7、mself改为him。2. Dad lost his job, and as Mom explained,“He was lucky to find other one.”解：other和another的区别。other表示“其他的，别的”，其后常接可数名词复数；another表示“另一个”，其后常接可数名词单数。此处表示“另一份工作”，故应将other改为another。3. We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.解：名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的区别。前者后面不接名词，后者后面接名词。本句中物主代词的后面有名词fishin

8、g poles，故应将ours改为our。五、介词、短语要记住。考查介词意义、用法及固定搭配。1. . it had a connection by the British porcelain (瓷器) industry.解：介词的用法。表示“和有关系”用介词with或to。by表示“被；凭借；经由；由于”。故应将by改为with或to。2. Every day, he spends too much time with his work. 解：固定搭配。spend time with sb. / on sth. 是固定搭配，故应将with改为on。3. He has only a small

9、 cold room to live.解释：不定式做后置定语时，动词短语中介词不能省略，故加in4. He paid a visit to his grandfather on that afternoon.解释：时间状语前有指示代词this,that ,或one,next,last等修饰时不用介词，故省略on。六、冠词、连词常光顾。主要从逻辑关系角度考查连词的误用，或从成分缺失的角度考查连词的漏用。1. I wanted to give up, and my grandfather told me to wait a little longer. 解：连词的误用。“我想放弃”和“我的（外）祖

10、父告诉我再等一会儿”之间是转折关系，用and连接不符合逻辑关系，应将and改为but。2. He had a deep voice, which ., he was strong and powerful. 解：通过分析句子结构可知，这是一个并列句，且前一个分句中包含一个定语从句。两个分句之间，即he was前应加连词and。 3. . and fish was caught. 解：不定冠词。“一条鱼被抓住了”。fish在本句中是单数可数名词，是泛指，故在前面加不定冠词a。4. As a result, nobody knew truth. 解：定冠词the。此处指特定的真相，应在truth前

11、加the。5. In a fact, he even . 解：in fact是固定短语，应去掉a。七、句子成分多分析（从句的引导词）。主要考查从句引导词的误用。 . between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. 解：非限制性定语从句的引导词。逗号后面的部分是非限制性定语从句，修饰dinner。非限制性定语从句修饰物时关系代词用which不用that。2. That is which other teachers say. 解：表语从句的引导词。表语从句中的say缺少宾语，故应将which改

12、为what。3. But before long they began to see which was happening. 解：宾语从句的引导词。宾语从句中缺少主语，应将which改为what。八、非谓语，细辨别。1. Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge . 解：动词-ing形式短语作主语。provides在句中作谓语，其前面的部分是主语，应将Have改为Having。2. Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish. 解：动词-ing形式短语作

13、原因状语。we和feel是主谓关系，应将Felt改为Feeling。3. I also shared . my friends many photos taking inBeijing. 解：过去分词短语的用法。过去分词短语放在所修饰词后面，作用接近于一个定语从句。photos和take是被动关系，应将taking改为taken。himcomebutthere1. Li Ming is a good boy. We all like her.2.Uncle Ben will go back from America for Christmas.3. I like the coat, and i

14、t was more than I would like to pay.4. Hangzhou is a beautiful city and the people here are friendly.九、逻辑错误须关注 与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误常是这类错误的考查对象。十、固定搭配或习惯用法。1. She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs. 解：used to do sth. 固定搭配，过去的状态、习惯做法或习俗，应将holding改为hold。

15、容易混淆：be used to do sth.某物被用来干某事；be used to doing sth.习惯干某事。2. To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie. 解：to make matters worse固定短语，“更为糟糕的是”，放句首作状语。3. . when things did wrong, I got angry . 解：go wrong是固定搭配，“出错”，故应将did改为went或在did后加go。 很多东西看似复杂，但只要找到其中的规律就会发现还是很容易

16、的。短文改错题亦是如此。相信认真读完这篇解题指导后定能够更快更准地解答这一题型。At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room!They put them in the corner of the sittingOnchosetallit动词形介词短语要牢记还要注意形和副代词格，细领悟冠词连词常光顾room. Kate was covered it with a lot ofChris

17、tmas light. The sitting room lookedreally beautifully at the moment. There was a fire burning in the fire place, but the Christmastree lights were shinning bright. Jim and hisparents singing and dancing happily.lightsbeautifulandwere动词形还要注意形和副动词形名词数brightly还要注意形和副DearAlice,Ihavejustgotsomegoodnewsto

18、telltoyou. Iwinanationalprizeforpaintinglastweek.Myfatherwassopleasingthathesuggested IgotoEnglandforaholiday.Idliketostayingthereforhalfamonth,visitingplaceofinterest orpracticingmyEnglishaswell.Wevebeenwonpleasedstayplacesandwritingtoeachfornearlyayearnow.Ihave oftendreamedoftalkfacetofacewithyou.

19、Iimagineyoullbeatvacationyourselfbythattime.Perhapswecouldgoout dosome sightseeingtogether.Best wishes！Lilyothertalkingonto SummaryWhat did we learn from this lesson? A Limerick动词形，名词数还要注意形和副非谓语，细辨别介词、短语要牢记代词格，细领悟句子成分多分析冠词连词常光顾逻辑错误须关注巩固练习 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（第11处起）不计分。A My uncle absolute hated his wifes cat and decided to get rid of him one day by driving him 20 block from his home and leaving him at the park