2018年10月4日五夜十篇讲义

1、课堂讲义：10 月 4 日复习：定位：线索句：有资格和选项进行比对的句子！题干：细节题/态度题（包含题干定位词的句子就是线索句）一步到位！推理题（题干四个选项分别定位有限）：（包含选项定位词的句子就是线索句）三大出题点（线索句优先定为：首末句，转折处，观点句）一步到位！两步到位题干：例证题/词汇题句间关系： 进一步在原文中寻找线索句例证题要靠句间关系找到例子所对应的结论。词汇题要靠句中或者句间关系找到线索1.果_（）ABCD3. 直接到位2. 题：题的题干和选项对于找到题的线索句都没有帮助！词：反复出现的名词！句：1.开头 2.转折 3.开头例子结束的地方（线索句）例题一：Science, i

2、n practice, depends far less on the experiments it preparesn on thepreparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir IsaacNewton sup been fallingedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples hadany plafor centuries and thousands of people had seenthem fall. But Newto

3、n for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didnt they fall out of the sky? The factt the apple fell down toward the earnd not up o the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about thoselarger fruits of the h

4、eavens, the moon and the planets.Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.n on the67. The author wants to prove with the exle of Isaac Newtont .A inquiring minds are more importantn scientific experiments1B s

5、cience advanwhen fruitful researches are conductedC scientistdom fet the essential nature of researchD unpredictability weighs less例题二：n prediction in scientific researchMany things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists only job is to explore emotions, and yet th

6、ey choose to focus on the onest feel bad.t they choose to focus on the onest feel bad wasnt always so.1.This wasnt always so. 2.The earst forms of art, like paing and music, arethose best suited for expressing joy. 3.But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as

7、meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworths daffodils to Baudelaires flowers of evil.t artists choose to focus on the emotionst feel bad wasnt always so.36. By citing the exles of poets Wordswornd Baudelaire, the authorends to showt .A poetry is not as expressive of joy

8、as paing or musicB art grows out of bothitive and negative feelingspoets today are less skeptical of happinessartists have changed their focus oferest例题三：1.Dr. Worm acknowledgest （ a highroportion of what ishe seais being caughthas improved.= 3. Todays ve）. 2.One reason for this ist fishing technolo

9、gys can find their prey using salites and sonar,which were not available 50 years ago（原因）. 4.t means（意味着）+结果 a highroportion of what ishe sea is being caught, so the realdifference betn present and past is likely to be worsen the one recordedby changes in catch sizes.1.Dr. Worm acknowledgest （the do

10、llected so far are out of date.2.One reason for this ist fishing technology has improved.语境: 词本无意！意由境生！（是最大的语境！最牛的语境！）a highroportion of what ishe sea is being caught233.By saying these figures are conservative (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr. Wormmeanst .fishing technology has improved rathe catch-sizes

11、are actually smallerlyn recordedC the marine biomass haffered a greater lossD the d例题四：ollected so far are out of date1.Fortunay, the White House is starting to pay attention.( 正) 2.But itsobvioust a majority of thes advisers still dont take globalwarming seriously.（ press for more research）并列 3. In

12、stead of a plan of action, they continue to（）- a classic case of “paralysis byysis.”Instead:转折= howeverInstead of = not (句中的否定词！)1.。 2. Instead of ,。Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research?28.What does the author mean by “paralysis by Paragraph 4)?Endless studies kill a

13、ction.Careful investigation reveals truth.Prudent planning hinders progress.ysis” (Last line,D Extensive research helps deci-making.例题五：Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have down

14、ed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing toolittle security in return undermines public support for the pros. And it should:Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and priva infuriating.ives, not to mentionAmeric

15、ans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety.The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to. Aexplain Americans tolerance of current security checksBstress the urgency to strengthen security worldwideChighlight the nesity of upgrading major U.S. airp

16、orts3Demphasize the importance of privacy protection第六篇：社会责任第一段1. “There is one and only one sol responsibility of businesses,” Wrote MiltonFriedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “t is, to use its resourand engagein activities designed to (旨在) increase its profits”.2. But even if（即使） you accept

17、Firedmans premise（观点） and regardcorporate sol responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholdersmoney, things may not be absoluy clear-cut. （不同意 Milton Friedman 对于 csr 的看法）1.Milton Friedman Wrote CSR is absoluy clear-cut2.things may not be absoluy clear-cut.The author views Milton Friedmans se

18、ment aboSR with skepticismThe author views CSR witcertayThe author views Milton Friedmans stoleranceskepticism（质疑=不同意）uncertayement aboSR with .D approval3. New research suggests CSR may create monetary value for companiesat least when they are prosecuted（指控） for corruption.(作者认同的)第二段1. The largest

19、firms in America and Britaogether spend moren $15 billiona year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.2. This could add value to their businesseshree ways.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by .4winning trust from consumersguarding it against malpractiprotecting it fr

20、om being defamedraising the quality of its products3., consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” products are of high quality.t a companys4. Second, customers may be willing to buy a companys products as an indirect way to donate（捐赠） to the good causes it helps.Second, customers may be willing t

21、o buy a companys productsas an indirect way to donate（捐赠） to the good causes it(公司) helps.5.from consumers and others.1.）And third, through a more diffuse（扩散的） “halo effect,”（晕轮效应，光轮效应），）（could add value to their businesses，）.） Whereby （通过）its good deeds earn it（公司） greater consideration（体谅） from co

22、nsumers and others.第三段1. Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.5And third, through a more diffuse（扩散的） “halo effect,”（晕轮效应，光轮效应）， Whereby（通过） its good deeds earn it greater consideration2. A recent study attempts to sepa

23、rate them by looking at （ 考量） bribery prosecutions（关于贿赂的指控） under（根据） Americas Foreign Corrupt PractiAct (FCPA). （反海外方案）3. It =study arguest since prosecutors do not consume a companys productsas part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.its good deeds earn it gr

24、eater consideration from consumers and (others. Prosecutors)第四段1. The study foundt, among prosecuted firms, those with the mostcomprehensive CSR programmes tended to get (less severe) penalties=. lower fines.33.The expres“more lenient” (Line 2, Para.4) is closesteaning to .more effectiveless controv

25、ersial C less severeD more lasting2. Theirysis ruled out (排除了) thesibility（可能性）t it was firmspolitical influence, rathern their CSR stand,t accounted for the leniency: ns did not receive lower fines.Companiest contributed more to political1）Theirysis ruled out (排除了) thesibility（可能性）t2） it was firms

26、political influence, rather accounted for（带来了） the leniency？n their CSR stand（立场）,t3 ） Companiest contributed more to politicalns did not receivelower fines.（惩罚）（是公司的 CSR 带来了宽大的处理）第五段1. In all, the study concludes t whereas （ 虽然） prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do s

27、eem to be influenced by a companys record in CSR. （结论）Each case must be judged on its own merits.对每种情况，都必须根据其本身的是非曲直来判断。prosecutors do seem to be influenced by a companys record in CSR.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a companys CSR record .has an impact on their decicomes across as reliable eviden

28、ce6increases the chance of being penalizedconstitutes part of the investigation2. “stimatet either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, suchas child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in finestgenerally are 40% lowern the typical punishment for bribing foreign of

29、fils,”says one researcher.（事实） Either A or B results in C.Aeliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labourincreasing corporate giving（捐赠）by about 20%finest generally are 40% lowern the typical punishment for bribingforeign offils,” says one researcher.第六段1. Researchers admitt t

30、heir study does not answer the question of how muchbusinesses ought to spend on CSR.The nesary amount of companies spending on it is unknown.2. Nor does it reveal how much companies are bing on（指望，依赖，依靠）the halo effect, rather do-gooding policies.n the othossibenefits, when they（公司） decide their3. B

31、u least they have demonstratedt when companies geto trouble withthe law, evidence of good character can whem a less costly punishment.New research suggests CSR may create monetary value for companies they are prosecuted（指控） for corruption.(east whenWhich of the following is true of CSR, according to

32、 the last paragraph?= Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?(it = CSR)（选项定位词）！Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.The nesary amount of companies spending on it is unknown.C Companies finanl capacity for is been overestimated.ing industry.D Is brought much

33、 benefit to the b735.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?= Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?(it = CSR)（选项定位词）！A Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.B The nesary amount of companies spending on it is unknown.C Compan

34、ies finanl capacity for is been overestimated.ing industry.D Is brought much benefit to the b第七篇道德第一段：1. Two years ago，Rupert Murdochs daughter，Elisabeth，spoke of the “unsettlingdearth of （lack of ）Upsettingegrity(正直诚信) across so many of our institutions”.According to thetwo paragraphs, Elisabeth wa

35、s upset by .A the consequenof the current sorting mechanismB companies finanl loss due to immoral practiCernmental ineffectiveness on moral iesD the wide misuse 不等于 dearth (偷换) ofegrity among institutionsegrity had collapsed= dearth of （lack of ）egrity=现有遴选机制的结果2.egrity had collapsed, she argued, be

36、cause of a collective acceptancet theonly “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market.sorting mechanism= 遴选，分选3. But “its us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit.”Us=human beings=we the people“We the People”We the people of the United S es, in or

37、der to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, , do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United S es of America. ”合众国人民，为建立更完善的，树立正义，保障国内安宁，特为美利“8坚合众国制定本。”1.Us, human beings, we the people create the society we want, not profit.你是刘一男，一个，蒋中挺最放不下的，万千女粉丝追捧的腊

38、肉，你不能！第二段1. Driving h absence of purohome, she continued: “Its increasingly apparenttthee，of a moral language withinernment, media or business couldbecome one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.”1）Driving hohome,she continued: “Its increasingly apparentt4） the absence of pure，of

39、a moral language withinernment, media orbusiness could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.”2. This same absence of moral pure was wounding companiech as Newsernational, she thought, making it more likelyt it would lose its way as idwith widespread illegalephone hacking

40、.This same absence of moral pur ernational, she thought,This same absence of moral pure was wounding companiech as Newse making it (3) more likely3）4 ）t it would lose its wayas it (Newsernational) had（ lost its way） with widespread illegalephone hacking.第三段1. As ( 虽然) the hacking trial concludesfind

41、ing guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding hispredesor, Rebecca Brooks, innocent of the same charge（的内容）the widerie of dearth ofegrity still stands.As (虽然) the hacking trial concludes2.1finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the W

42、orld, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and2.2finding his prede（的内容）sor, Rebecca Brooks, innocent of the same charge3）the wider ie of dearth ofegrity still stands.2. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people.据悉：are known to93. This is hacking on an industrial s

43、cale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the pofor phone hacking.1) This is hacking on an industrial scale 工业级别的！=大规模的2）as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire3） the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the po phone hacking.for4. Oth

44、ers await trial.Other Journalists await trial5. This long story stilfolds.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3t .AGlenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime2）原文中没有任何依据May 不对的两种情况：和原文表述完全相反原文中没有任何依据 Other Journalists await trialmore journalists may be found guilty of phone hackingAndy Coulson sh

45、ould be held innocent of the charge Dphone hacking will be accepted on certain occas NG第四段1.widespreany respects, the dearth of moral pure frames not only the fact of suchhone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place.A frames not only A but (also ) BA 不仅体现在 B 还体现在 C 上。the fact of such wid

46、esprehone hackingthe terms（证言，） on which the trial took place. the trial took placeon the terms2. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebecca Brooks knew ofwhat went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact never inquired how the stories arrived.t she103. The core

47、 of her suc令人惊讶的（astonishing）sful defense wast she knew nothing.不的The author beves. Arevealed a cunningBcentered on trivial it Rebecca Brooks defense was hardly convincingality（可能对）NGeswas hardly convincing（一定对的）was part of a conspiracy（可能对）第五段1.odays world, is become normalt well-paid executives sh

48、ould not be t they run.accountable for whappensheanizations1）2）iodays world,s become normalt3）well-paid executives should not be accountable for（负责） whappens intheanizationst they run (经营).2. Perhaps we should not be so surprised.3. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been of society shoul

49、d be profit.generally distorted valuest the sorting mechanism4. The words ve mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value,business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newsp circulation.rs,1 ） efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealthgeneration, s

50、ales, impact and, in newsprs, circulation.2） The wordsve mattered areWords degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.Words degraded to the margin have been （被边缘化）odays world, is b

51、ecome normalt well-paid executives should not be11accountable for whappensheanisationst they run. Perhaps weshould not be so surprised.1 thecollective doctrine has been t the sorting mechanism of society should beprofit. The wordsve mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value,business-fr

52、iendly,wealthgeneration,sales,impactand,innewsprs,circulation. Words relegated2 to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The author holdst the current collective doctrine shows .Agenerally distorted values Bunfair wealth distribution Ca marginalized li

53、festyleDa rigid moral code第六段1. The pur e of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray （ 展现） any common humanity.2. It =The pur impact.e of editing was to ruin liveshe quest for circulation andCMoral awareness matters in editin

54、g a newspr.Moral awareness=egrity=promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray（展现） any common humanity.3. Ms Brooks may or may nove had suspicions about how her journalists gottheir stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructionsnor received traceable, recorded

55、 answers.Which of the following iggestedhe last paragraph?AThe quality of writings is of primary importance.BCommon humanity is central ts reporting.Moral awareness matters in editing a newspr.Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.1此处删除2relegated 改成 degraded12For a generation, as Elisabet

56、h Murdoch argues,逐句译文：第六篇：社会责任第一段1. “There is one and only one sol responsibility of businesses,” Wrote MiltonFriedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “t is, to use its resourand engagein activities designed to（旨在） increase its profits”.获奖的经济学奖得主）弥尔顿弗雷德曼曾这样写道：有且只有一种企业社会责任，（对于企业而言，有且只有一种社会责任，）那就是用其

57、资源参与到旨在提高其利润的活动中去。2. But even if （即使） you accept Firedmans premise and regard corporatesol responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders money, things may notbe absoluy clear-cut.不过，即使你接受弗雷德曼的上述观点，并且认为企业社会责任政策就是在浪费股东的钱，情况可能也并非这样绝对地一分为二。3. New research suggests CSR may create monetary valu

58、e for companiesat least when they are prosecuted for corruption.新的研究表明企业社会责任可能会创造货币价值 至少当企业因被的时候(会是这样)。第二段而1. The largest firms in America and Britaogether spend moren $15 billiona year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.根据公司 EPG 的估算，和英国的最大型企业每年在CSR 上的总投入超过了 150 亿美金。2. This c

59、ould add value to their businesses这些投入能从三个方面增加其hree ways.。3., consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal”t a companysproducts are of high quality.第一，消费者可能会把在 CSR 上的花费当做是一家企业产品质量高的标志。4. Second, customers may be willing to buy a companys products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it he

60、lps.第二，消费者可能愿意某一公司的产品，作为捐助该企业所帮助的慈善事业的间接方式。（消费者可能愿意助这家企业正在帮助的慈善事业。）某一的产品，作为一种间接的方式去捐5. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.第三，通过更加扩散的光圈效应（晕轮效应），借此，企业的善行为企业赢得消费者和其他人的体谅。13The way whereby we achieve our goal is