综合实验-停留时间分布综合实验报告

1、第 页停留时间间分布综综合实验验报告停留时间间分布综综合实验验一、实验验目的 1.掌掌握用脉脉冲示踪踪法测定定停留时时间分布布及数据据处理方方法； 2.了了解和掌掌握停留留时间分分布函数数的基本本原理； 3.了了解停留留时间分分布与模模型参数数的关系系；了解多级级混本实实验通过过单釜、多釜及及管式反反应器中中停留时时间分布布的测定定，将数据计计算结果果用多釜釜串联模模型来定定量返混混程度，从而认认识限制制返混的的措施和釜、管管式反应应器特性性； 5.了了解和掌掌握模型型参数NN的物理理意义及及计算方方法。二、实验验原理 在连续续流动反反应器中中，由于于反应物物料的返返混以及及在反应应器内出出现

2、的层层流，死死角，短短路等现现象，使使得反应应物料在在反应器器中的停停留时间间有长有有短，即即形成停停留时间间分布，影响反反应进程程和最终终结果。测定物物料的停停留时间间分布是是描述物物料在反反应器内内的流动动特性和和进行反反应器设设计计算算的内容容之一。 停留时时间分布布可以用用停留时时间分布布密度函函数 EE(t)和停留留时间分分布函数数 F(t)来来表示，这两种种概率分分布之间间存在着着对应关关系，本本实验只只是用冲冲脉示踪踪法来测测定 EE(t)，利用用其对应应关系也也可以求求出 FF(t)来。函函数 EE(t)的定义义是：在在某一瞬瞬间加入入系统一一定量示示踪物料料，该物物料中各各流

3、体粒粒子将经经过不同同的停留留时间后后依次流流出，而而停留时时间在t，tt+dtt间的的物料占占全部示示踪物料料的分率率为 EE(t)dt。根据定定义E(t)有有归一化化性质： (1)E(t)可以用用其他量量表示为为 (22) 其中：Q0主主流体体体积流量量，M为为示踪物物量，cc(t)为t时时刻流出出的示踪踪剂浓度度。 对停留留时间分分布密度度函数EE(t)有两个个重要概概念，数数学期望望和方差差，它们们分别定定义为EE(t)对原点点的一次次矩和二二次矩。 当实实验数据据的数量量大，且且所获样样品是瞬瞬间样品品，即相相应于某某时刻tt下的样样品，则则： (33) (4)式中tti是两两次取样

4、样时间，若等时时间间隔隔取样， (5)对恒容稳稳定流动动系统有有： (6)为了使用用方便，常用对对比时间间来代换换t，经经这样变变换后，有以下下关系： (77) (8)对全混流流，对活活塞流，对一般般情况。用无因次次来评价价反应器器内的流流动状态态比较方方便，一一般可将将实际反反应器当当做多级级串联釜釜式反应应器加以以描述，并认为为每级为为全混流流反应釜釜，各级级存料量量相等，级间无无返混。对多级级全混釜釜有（NN为串联联全混釜釜的个数数）： (9)三、实验验仪器、设备和和试剂实验仪器器与设备备：釜式式反应器器(两个个)、管管式反应应器（一一个）、水泵（一个）、转子子流量计计，阀门门，管线线若

5、干，电导率率仪三台台，分析析天平；实验试剂剂：饱和和KCll溶液。四、实验验装置原原理图1-水槽；2磁力泵；3调节阀；4三通阀；5注射器；6、10、11、16球阀；7、8反应釜；9、12、13电导率仪；14转子流量计；15废液槽五、实验验安排5.1实实验内容容1、安装装实验装装置。2、测定定不同浓浓度下KKCl电电导率的的标准曲曲线（最最大值为为2mSS）。计计算对示示踪剂注注入量，并根据据反应器器体积计计算KCCl溶液液的浓度度范围是是否在可可测量范范围。3、选择择合适的的流量，将平均均停留时时间保持持在100200minn，注入入适量的的示踪剂剂，测定定单釜不不同时间间的电导导率值，绘制单

6、单釜停留留时间与与电导关关系曲线线，计算算停留时时间分布布函数及及停留时时间分布布密度函函数。4、选择择合适流流量，将将平均停停留时间间保持在在1020mmin，注入适适量的示示踪剂，测定两两釜并联联条件下下的电导导率值，计算并并绘制单单釜及两两釜并联联的停留留时间与与电导关关系曲线线，计算算停留时时间分布布函数及及停留时时间分布布密度函函数。5、按44进行两两釜串联联实验。6、测定定釜式、管式反反应器串串联的停停留时间间分布曲曲线，并并计算停停留时间间分布函函数及密密度分布布函数。7、大型型智能仪仪器的操操作使用用，用其其测量釜釜式反应应器串联联的停留留时间分分布曲线线，并计计算停留留时间分

7、分布函数数及密度度分布函函数。5.2实实验安排排时间实验内容容20155.11.22上午指导老师师讲解实实验原理理，安排排实验时时间，自自行组装装实验装装置；单釜不转转，水流流量Q=4L/h,平平均停留留时间保保持在220-440miin，注注入饱和和KCll溶液示示踪剂22.0mml，记记录单釜釜不同时时间的电电导率值值；下午单釜中转转，水流流量Q=4、66L/hh,平均均停留时时间保持持在200-400minn，注入入饱和KKCl溶溶液示踪踪剂2.0mll，分别别记录单单釜不同同时间的的电导率率值；20133.11.33上午休息下午单釜、中中转，水水流量QQ=8LL/h,平均停停留时间间保

8、持在在20-40mmin，注入饱饱和KCCl溶液液示踪剂剂2.00ml,记录单单釜在不不同时间间的电导导率值；双釜串联联、双釜釜都不转转，水流流量Q=4L/h平均均停留时时间保持持在200-400minn，注入入饱和KKCl溶溶液示踪踪剂2.0mll,记录录双釜串串联在不不同时间间的电导导率值；20133.111.4上午两釜串联联、一釜釜中转，一釜大大转，水水流量QQ=2、4、66L/hh，平均均停留时时间保持持在200-400minn，注入入饱和KKCl溶溶液示踪踪剂2.0mll,记录录双釜串串联在不不同时间间的电导导率值；下午两釜并联联、一釜釜中转，一釜大大转，水水流量QQ=2、4、66L

9、/hh，和两两釜不转转，水流流量Q=4L/h平均均停留时时间保持持在200-400minn，注入入饱和KKCl溶溶液示踪踪剂2.0mll,记录录双釜并并联在不不同时间间的电导导率值；20155.111.5上午休息下午管釜串联联，釜式式反应器器转速中中等。选选定水的的流量QQ=4和和6L/h。将将平均停停留时间间保持在在20-40mmin，注入饱饱和KCCl溶液液示踪剂剂2.00ml,记录管管釜串联联在不同同时间的的电导率率值20155.11.66上午真实设备备测量电电导率确确定停留留时间下午处理实验验报告六、数据据处理6.1KKCl电电导率的的标准曲曲线电导率(uS/cm)14.99473.9

10、9147717.8141332767766688129000浓度(mmol/L)0.000010.000050.00010.00050.0110.0220.0550.1由oriiginn作图，可得到到如下：经过线性性模拟，我们得得到其电电导率和和浓度之之间是线线性关系系，其相相关的数数值如下下表：从上表中中，我们们不难发发现，电电导率和和浓度之之间的关关系的线线性关系系很强，得到：6.2单单釜、不不转、流流量Q=4L/h时间(ss)电导率(S/ccm)浓度(mmol/L)tc(tt)ss(mool/LL)tc(t)s(mool/LL)02700.0001522071140052700.0001

11、522071140.0007600356690.03380118102700.0001522071140.0115200713370.15520771153680.0002277906680.0334188602210.51127990204060.0002577312240.0551466247771.02292550253970.0002500347790.0662588697771.56646774303830.0002399514430.0771855428822.15556228354130.0002622729920.0991955522213.21184333404410.000

12、2844396650.1113755858884.55503444454450.0002877491180.1229377130085.82217009504450.0002877491180.1443744589987.18872995554670.0003044516610.1667488384429.21116111604610.0002999873310.17799223855510.77954431654630.0003011420080.19959223488912.77350027704800.0003144575590.22202003111615.44142218754880

13、.0003200766650.24405774899618.00431117804790.0003133802200.25510441633920.00833331854680.0003055289990.25594996422222.00571196904650.0003022968840.27726771577424.55404442954760.0003111480060.29959006522828.111111201004700.0003066837760.30068337577030.668377571054690.0003066063370.32213666922633.7743

14、55271104630.0003011420080.33315662822836.447199111154660.0003033742220.34493003588340.116999121204590.0002988325540.35579990511542.995888621254600.0002999099930.37738774077546.773422591304540.0002944456630.38827993155649.776311101354640.0003022194460.40079662688855.007499631404630.0003011420080.4221

15、9889055459.007844681454650.0003022968840.43393004200263.669911091504740.0003099932290.46648999344169.773499011554890.0003211540040.49983887555677.225000711604830.0003166897740.50070335799781.112577271654720.0003088385520.50088335633383.995788791704840.0003177671120.54400441044791.880699781754770.000

16、3122254440.54464445177795.662799061804630.0003011420080.54425557355597.666033241854820.0003166123350.588482285553108.193328221904790.0003133802200.599622238993113.282254001954700.0003066837760.599833332662116.674498662004660.0003033742220.600748844992121.496689882054620.0003000646690.611632261990126

17、.346686992104550.0002955230010.611998832221130.196647662154690.0003066063370.655803370339141.477796332204640.0003022194460.666482280885146.262217992254720.0003088385520.699386667772156.120002442304820.0003166123350.722708841447167.229935442354730.0003099159910.722652237998170.733309332404620.0003000

18、646690.722155526113173.172262772454690.0003066063370.744985561661183.714475992504710.0003077611140.766902285003192.257712662554670.0003044516610.777651159996198.011157992604810.0003155349970.811990092449213.176640552654670.0003044516610.800696676004213.846641552704630.0003011420080.811383360333219.7

19、35572992754580.0002977551160.811826668995225.023339662804530.0002933682240.822231108440230.247703552854600.0002999099930.855243328991242.943337442904610.0002999873310.866963319664252.193327002954550.0002955230010.877092288110256.923399993004580.0002977551160.899265547994267.796643883054530.000293368

20、2240.899573314551273.198809333104540.0002944456630.911281144449282.972247993154560.0002966003390.933241123998293.709990553204670.0003044516610.977445514446311.824446333254690.0003066063370.999470071552323.279982443304560.0002966003390.977681129889322.348828663354510.0002922134480.977865515116327.848

21、825883404580.0002977551161.011167754333343.969964773454500.0002911361101.000519952778346.792237113504510.0002922134481.022247717334357.865510773554530.0002933682241.044257726773370.113329993604530.0002933682241.055725567995380.612244663654470.0002899039951.055499940118385.072281773704400.00028336222

22、61.044940037668388.279939443754370.0002811301111.055487793001395.579973883804420.0002855170031.088364471448411.785591663854480.0002899813331.111578811559429.575574663904460.0002888265561.122423359441438.452201773954340.0002788979971.100196696333435.278800554004350.0002799753351.111901139440447.60555

23、7664054400.0002833622261.144867716992465.212203554104310.0002766658821.133429984660465.062236994154370.0002811301111.166739997660484.470090004204390.0002822848881.188796649998498.945529994254320.0002777432201.177908859666501.111153664304360.0002800527731.200626674559518.695500774354300.0002755884431

24、.200009968336522.042212334404280.0002744336671.200708813339531.115578994454290.0002755110051.222424417221544.787756664504250.0002722015521.222406682888550.830072994554290.0002755110051.255175527770569.547751114604280.0002744336671.266194486773580.496638994654360.0002800527731.300445520119606.5700189

25、94704290.0002755110051.299301193445607.719909224754260.0002722789901.299574477779615.480019554804270.0002733562281.311310016118630.288877664854230.0002700467751.311176674338636.207720774904220.0002699693371.322149990442647.534453004954260.0002722789901.355030055880668.401126225004140.0002633503301.3

26、11751151770658.757758555104080.0002588860001.322018862445673.294498555204130.0002622729921.366619918556710.419976555304100.0002600407771.388016608663731.485525775404150.0002644276691.422709950771770.631133885504020.0002544217711.399819938441769.006661335604030.0002544990091.422794490001799.651144005

27、703990.0002511895561.433580047443818.408870445803970.0002500347791.455201178661842.170035995903980.0002511121171.488161182554874.154477006003990.0002511895561.511137734114906.824404886103950.0002488800021.511768814995925.785571226204000.0002522669941.566655502880971.261117446303910.0002455704491.544

28、794410002975.202283116403850.0002411061191.544279963884987.389968666503900.0002444931111.59920552088510344.833385556603870.0002422609961.60012223344010566.800740056703810.0002377966661.59943776299410688.233211176803770.0002344871131.59971224755210866.044483316903760.0002344097751.61152772444611144.5

29、33798887003760.0002344097751.63386882199211477.077753347203710.0002300228831.65576443766711933.500351127403680.0002277906681.68865110377912488.011768817603640.0002244811151.70085667277812988.511113327803640.0002244811151.75535229577513677.755306698003570.0002199394471.75551557333614044.1225866982035

30、70.0002199394471.79990336266914755.200974418403520.0002155525551.81104114300115200.744801138603480.0002122430021.82268999611715711.133367708803490.0002133204401.87761995366716511.055192239003450.0002100108871.89909778255517011.888043309203440.0002099334491.92258880744917711.811028899403400.000206623

31、9951.93386551677618222.333257759603380.0002044691191.96650442022918866.444034489803350.0002022370041.98832229777319433.56651778100003320.0002000048892.00004888922020000.48889220102003300.0001988501122.02247112544620655.20067997104003320.0002000048892.08805008477721633.72288116106003330.0002000822272

32、.12287220866422566.44441116108003260.0001955405592.11103883788522799.21144888110003240.0001933858822.13324440688423455.68847552112003240.0001933858822.17712112333324311.75578113114003230.0001933084442.20011662300825099.32250331117003210.0001911536682.24409779988726211.94465884120003190.0001899989912

33、.27798669066827355.84428882123003180.0001899215532.32273447677328622.63376338126003160.0001877667762.36646111711029799.41107554129003110.0001833798842.37709999888930588.58898557132003110.0001833798842.42261339422132022.50040336135003070.0001800703312.43394992088032933.31143007138003070.0001800703312

34、.49937003011534411.31101660141003040.0001788381162.51151880899835466.40050667144003020.0001766834402.54464009055336666.82290336147003010.0001766060012.58880883922638044.48833771150003000.0001755286632.62292994500039433.94417550156002980.0001733738862.71103222755342288.10034994162002960.0001722191102

35、.78894993811145188.97799774168002920.0001699095572.84408006955447722.55556882174002900.0001677548802.91153335022650722.68829445180002890.0001666774423.00019334866254033.48827552186002870.0001655226653.07732112844457166.17758990192002850.0001633678883.14426333633260333.85565773198002850.0001633678883

36、.24408440933364166.86650447由oriiginn作图得得到，时时间与浓浓度之间间的关系系如下图图：由上表中中的数据据，用ooriggin作作图并模模拟积分分得：6.3单单釜、中中转、流流量Q=4L/h时间/ss电导率S/ccm浓度(mmol/L)tc(tt)ss(mool/LL)tc(t)s(mool/LL)02840.000162290550 0 0 53820.000238874004 0.011193370222 0.05596885 109000.000639958449 0.066395584990 0.63395885 159820.000703303990

37、 0.100545558556 1.58818338 209980.000715542003 0.144308840668 2.86616881 25990.000019974663 0.000493365667 0.12234114 30940.000015587771 0.000476631334 0.14428994 359860.000706613444 0.244714470228 8.65501446 409810.000702226552 0.288090060884 11.22362243 459740.000696684884 0.311358817777 14.111111

38、80 509660.000690065777 0.344532288773 17.22664444 559560.000682291994 0.377560056990 20.66583313 609500.000678827665 0.400696658770 24.44179952 659420.000672208558 0.433685557771 28.33956625 709330.000665512113 0.466558849226 32.55909945 759250.000658893007 0.499419980006 37.00648850 809170.00065227

39、4000 0.522219920222 41.77753362 859090.000646654994 0.544956669772 46.77131193 909000.000639958449 0.577562264110 51.88063377 958910.000632262004 0.600098894000 57.00939993 1008840.000627720336 0.622720036004 62.77203360 1058750.000620023991 0.655125510881 68.33813364 1108670.000614404885 0.67754553

40、3225 74.22998866 1158590.000607785778 0.699903365003 80.33891198 1208510.000601166772 0.722200006117 86.66400074 1258420.000594470227 0.744337783778 92.99222297 1308340.000588851221 0.766506656770 99.44585537 1358270.000583309552 0.788717785770 106.26991077 1408190.000576690446 0.800766664225 113.07

41、332999 1458110.000570071339 0.822753352114 119.99226066 1508050.000566607110 0.844910064333 127.36559655 1557970.000559988003 0.866781144776 134.51112444 1607880.000552291558 0.888466653225 141.54664522 1657810.000547749990 0.900337733668 149.05666066 1707750.000542285660 0.922285552443 156.88553911

42、 1757670.000536666554 0.933916644110 164.35337722 1807610.000532202224 0.955764403004 172.37552555 1907480.000521196226 0.999172289117 188.42884944 2007340.000511112990 1.022225579008 204.45115822 2107210.000501106992 1.055224452117 220.97114966 2207100.000492255770 1.088362254222 238.39775933 23069

43、70.000482249772 1.100974435776 255.24110233 2406870.000474475889 1.133942213553 273.46111255 2506760.000466624668 1.166561168990 291.40442233 2606660.000458850884 1.199212219660 309.95117099 2706550.000449999663 1.211499900224 328.04773066 2806450.000442225880 1.233832223886 346.73002688 2906340.000

44、433374559 1.255786629777 364.78002633 3006260.000427755552 1.288266656118 384.79996855 3106160.000419981669 1.300143323778 403.44440377 3206060.000412207886 1.311865514775 421.96884722 3305970.000405511441 1.333687765553 441.16992633 3405880.000398814996 1.355370087335 460.26009700 3505800.000391195

45、990 1.377185564330 480.14997511 3605720.000385576883 1.388876659995 499.95557588 3805570.000374416009 1.422181112995 540.28882922 4005420.000362255334 1.455021136008 580.08554433 4205280.000351171998 1.477722230226 620.43336711 4405150.000341166000 1.500330038446 661.45336922 4605020.000331160002 1.

46、522536607445 701.66559433 4804910.000323308880 1.555082225001 744.39448000 5004800.000314457559 1.577287794000 786.43997000 5204690.000306606337 1.599153314443 827.59663500 5404590.000298832554 1.611095573117 869.91669511 5604490.000290058771 1.622728878666 911.28112055 5804410.000284439665 1.644949

47、995332 956.70997288 6004330.000278820558 1.666923349338 10011.54409663 6304210.000268891999 1.699419950661 10677.34428889 6604110.000261118115 1.722379981771 11377.70067993 6904010.000253344332 1.744875582994 12066.64432223 7203910.000245570449 1.766907754331 12733.73343110 7503830.000239951443 1.79

48、9635570448 13477.26677886 7803750.000233332336 1.811992242775 14199.54409335 8103680.000227790668 1.844604451445 14955.29965667 8403610.000222249000 1.866891159224 15699.88893776 9003510.000214475117 1.933276651229 17399.48886116 9603420.000207778772 1.999475571339 19144.96668554 102003340.000201159

49、666 2.055628848551 20977.41105448 108003280.000196695336 2.122709985334 22977.26664117 114003220.000192231006 2.199234406335 24999.26683224 120003170.000188844114 2.266129971224 27133.55565449 132003100.000183302446 2.411592248552 31899.02208005 144003030.000177760778 2.555755522119 36822.87751996 1

50、56002990.000174451225 2.722239945116 42466.93354446 168002960.000172219110 2.899280083997 48599.91181007 180002930.000169986995 3.055765506994 55033.77712449 192002910.000168832118 3.233177789663 62055.01156009 204002890.000166677442 3.400219928444 69400.47734001 216002890.000166677442 3.60023221833

51、4 77811.01151662 228002890.000166677442 3.800245508225 86699.58878881 240002890.000166677442 4.000257798116 96066.19915558 由oriiginn作图得得到，时时间与浓浓度之间间的关系系如下图图：6.4单单釜、中中转、流流量Q=6L/h时间/ss电导率S/ccm浓度(mmol/L)tc(tt)ss(mool/LL)tc(t)s(mool/LL)03070.000180070331 0 0 5181770.011349918779 0.066745593996 0.3337299

52、7 10177220.011314436555 0.133143365553 1.31143666 15173330.011284418661 0.199262279118 2.88894119 20169220.011252245991 0.255049918110 5.00098336 25163880.011210067222 0.300266680445 7.56667001 30160330.011183358881 0.355507764228 10.66522293 35156000.011150031334 0.400260096776 14.00913339 40152000

53、.011119936001 0.444774440448 17.99097762 45147770.011086608554 0.488873384224 21.99932229 50143770.011055513221 0.522756660774 26.33783304 55140220.011028804881 0.566542264334 31.00984454 60137000.011003328555 0.600197712882 36.11182277 65133330.000974465337 0.633352249220 41.11791120 70130000.00094

54、9911773 0.666438821110 46.55067748 75127110.000926667662 0.699500071551 52.11255536 80124220.000904423551 0.722338880882 57.88710047 85120220.000873328119 0.744228895883 63.00946615 90117220.000850006669 0.766506602339 68.88554421 95114880.000831149550 0.788992202339 75.00424423 100112440.0008122923

55、30 0.811292230444 81.22923304 105109330.000788893443 0.822838809997 86.99800005 110107880.000777732668 0.855505595000 94.00565545 115104770.000753333881 0.866633387666 99.66289958 120102220.000733399223 0.888079907338 105.69448899 1259910.000710000335 0.888750044001 110.93880500 1309790.000700071775

56、 0.911093328114 118.42112666 1359540.000681137118 0.911985518995 124.18000066 1409360.000667744228 0.933441199442 130.81887922 1459150.000651119224 0.944422289229 136.91331955 1509030.000641190664 0.966285595990 144.42889388 1558830.000626642998 0.977096661448 150.49997533 1608710.000617714338 0.988

57、743300882 157.98888133 1658600.000608863117 1.000424422339 165.69999699 1708550.000604476225 1.022809962559 174.77663644 1758320.000586696444 1.022718876886 179.75778455 1808210.000578845223 1.044121140552 187.41885299 1908020.000563374995 1.077112239778 203.51335566 2007800.000546672552 1.099345503

58、660 218.69000722 2107640.000534434339 1.122212221556 235.64556533 2207460.000520041449 1.144491128337 251.88008244 2307220.000501184330 1.155423388559 265.47449377 2407020.000486636664 1.166727792669 280.14770255 2506920.000478862881 1.199657701330 299.14225333 2606490.000445535333 1.155791186229 30

59、1.05888444 2706380.000436684112 1.177947711881 318.45772199 2806230.000425523337 1.199065543996 333.38332311 2906100.000415517339 1.200400043339 349.16112588 3005980.000405588779 1.211766638114 365.29991444 3105840.000395505443 1.222466683442 379.64771866 3205720.000385576883 1.233445586662 395.0266

60、7722 3305600.000376648224 1.244239917888 409.98992900 3405490.000367797002 1.255109987445 425.37335733 3505380.000359945881 1.255810032773 440.33661466 3605270.000350094559 1.266340053773 454.82559344 3705160.000342243338 1.266700050445 468.79118677 3805080.000336624331 1.277772239662 485.53551066 3