00015英语二自考复习

1、奏。Thelonelyoldmanis panied by his dog.这位孤独的老人让他的狗作伴。限定，规定。Work is defined as the product of a force and the distance through which its自考英语二复习资料Allordersmustbepoof application moveshe direction of the force.UNIT 1-1UNIT 1一、 word studypanied with cash.所有的订货单必须随附现金。arguevt./vi.争辩，争论，辩论作不及物动词用时，后边可以接功的定

2、义是力和力的着力点沿力的方向移动的距离的乘积。pany,argueHe has defined hisition,defineobjectivea.客观的，真实的。如实的，无偏见的。Wehavetoacceptthe objective reality as it is.须接受客观事实。The literary critics shouldon the ies.wibout 或 over，for（赞他已表明自己在这些问题上的立场。成）或 against（）。SheisalwaysreadytoUNIT 1-2二、 常考句型1、决策是在现有的可选做法中所做的选择。P1A deciis a cho

3、ice madeargueoverthesmallesties.她总喜欢为极小论。进行争be as objective assibleHe often argues philosophywith James.inysis and judgement.fromamongalternativecourses of actionavailable.t are文学批评家在分析和评价时应尽量不偏不倚。n.目标，目的。People work hard to carry他常和He argued action.哲学。for immediate2、管理者经常必须对未来的情况下做出最佳的猜测，尽量不存侥幸。P2O

4、ften managers must make a best guess at what thefuture will be and try to他主张立即行动。They argued against such a policy.outtheeconomicobjectivesoftheNhFive-Year Plan.人们为了实现第九个五年规划的经济目标而努力工作。他们这种政策。vt.1、说服；2、用辩论说服argue sth.事。o（ out of）ngleave as little aschance.sible toMyobjectivefortheoral说服做（不做）某present

5、 is to pass theexam.3、如果没有选择，就无决策可言。P3If there is no choice, thereI argued himout of goingdangerousonsucha我目前的目标是通过口试。panyjourney.我说服他不做这样is no decito be made.vt./vi.1、伴随，陪同；2、为。伴奏4、对于管理者而言，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例的旅行。He arguedtmans.was的制约。P3 managers,Thesingerwasdescended from等待 For decibasedpanied on th

6、e piano by his pupil.演唱者由他的学生担任钢琴伴every他论证人类的祖先是猿。definevt.1、解释，给。下定义；2、hasonconstraspolicies,procedures,laws,goal, objective, predict, implement,achievement,plish, pany,tendency,argue,Decithemakers often playprecedents, and the like.5、例如，管理者有时以非此即彼的方式来处理问题。P4keyroleinthethedevelopmentofbusiness of

7、a company.Forexle,managersbudget, define, entity, 2.词组英译汉he way, in part, poDecimakersaresometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.6、决策者们必须有办法决定数个可选项中的哪一个是最好的-哪一个对组织目标的实现起作用最大。P6usually key people who determine the companys business development.UNIT 1-3of toturnview,contributeto,toapply for,

8、in down3.句子英译汉hand,四、试题Deci somewhichmakers musve1.Almosteverythinga与常考句型相同。4.Text Away of determiningmanagerdoes 汉译英ofseveral(involve) decis,the is决策者应该能够对将来作出最好的推测。alternatives is bestt is,somesuggesttwhich contributes the mostDecimakers should bemanagementprostotheachievementofable to make a best

9、 guess at what the future will be.有人认为经理们所作的一切均与决策有关。decimaking . (99.4)。是 involves . 考点 :anizational goals.7、就更大的系统来说，增加研究经费以便改进产品，对该组织更有益。P6In the larger scheme of things, however, increased funding for research toimprove the products mightinvolve 为谓语动词，应该用一般现在时。2.If there is no choice,Some almost

10、managerpeoplebeveeverythingathereisnodecidoesinvolves(make). (99.4)是 to be made 。考点：to be made 是动词不定式作deci.没有正确的选择就没有正确的决定。If there is no proper choice,定语修饰 deci.be more benefianization.l to the3. If you are now your thirties, you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after th

11、eage of 60. (99.4)8、有些目标比另一些目标更重要，但其排序和重要性则因人和部门而异。P7there is no proper deci.不同的人对同样有不同的看法，所以解决的办法也不同。Some of theseobjectivesare more importantnDifferentpeoplehaveA. in B. at C. bet among是A.nD.others, but the order anddegree of importance oftendifferent ideas about thesameproblem;theirvary formtosol

12、utions to the problem4.Almosteverythingmanageraand from department department .三、 习题1.单词英译汉toare,therefore,alsodifferent.决策者往往是公司业务发展的关键。doesdecis;, some suggestthe management prots isdeciA. immaking. (00.4)es B. improvise C.managerdoesinvolves因）Thedeci-making.不能预见未来，但stormcausedthe4.involves D. ind

13、icates为 C .collapseofthewooden shelter.暴风雨使这个避风雨的木棚倒塌了。He suffered from a nervouscollapse.虽然应当尽量减少偶然性发生。答： Although we cannot predict the future, we must try t leave as little assible to chance.5. 不同的管理者对同一问题的解释不同。答 ： Different manager define the same problem in different terms.UNIT 2-1一、word study

14、exert,collapse,lauch,operat e exert5.wiWhen(present)common case, salesmanagers tend to see salesproblemsmanagers problems.andseeproductionproduction他的精神了。Thecollapseof left.陷入thethe为 presented.ernment country in confu的使中。vi.倒塌，考点： present6.An group decitoday是过去分词作状语。anizationisa之of people, and a(mak

15、e)mayfarhaveo theThe roof collapsed under the weight of the snow.屋顶被雪压塌了。The negotiations collapsed after several meetings.会谈了几次之后，谈判破裂了。consequenfuture.是 made. 考点：makevt.尽（力）；发挥（是过去分词作定语， 修饰 等）；deci.施加（压力等）；产生（影响等）；行使（职权等）Hehasexertedallhis strength to attain his goal.他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标。He has been exe

16、rting a lot7. 汉译英：通常管理者必须对he lastks of the warshecollapsedfromlongimprisonment.未来的情况作出最佳的。：Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be.1. 决策的目的是为了实现组织的目标。在的最后几个里身体因长期监禁而垮掉了。 lauchvt 1、发射，投射；2、使（船）下水ofprereonmeto答：The pur decie of making achange my mind.他一直在施加种种压力要我改变主意。Theseprin

17、ciplesexertedgreat influence upon the course of the revolution.istoachieveThe salite was launchedanizational goals.2. 决策过程对经营管理至关重要。in a rocket.这颗The是由火箭发射的。terlauncheda答： The deci-makingspear at the wolf.猎人把矛向狼掷去。pros is fundamentalto这些原则对大的影响。 collapsen.1、倒塌，进程产生了很business management.3. 经理所做的任何事情几

18、乎都与决策有关。答： Almost everything aAsucnewshiphasbeensfully launched.；2、（健，一条新船已成功水。vt ./vi.发动，发起（运动等）康等）垮掉，（因精疲力竭等原launch outo 开始，着手进行医生给的颈部动手术。们也许能在将来利用黑洞为人类服务。P5He was operated g cancer.他因肺癌动了手术。二、常考句型onforOurarmylaunchedanOntheotherhand,attack on the enemy.scientists have suggestedteveryadvanced的向敌人发

19、起猛攻。launchedan1、天文学家和科学家认为黑洞是一种空间区，物质可以掉进黑洞但任何物质不能逃脱。P1 Astronomers and scientists thinkt a black hole is a region of spaceo which matter has fallen and fromThetechnology could one daymake use of the energy ofinvestigation对此案开展了o the case.。black holes for m三、习题Unit 2 练习：1.词汇英译汉：ind.Theresearchgroupa

20、 serieslaunched outoof new experiment.研究小组着手进行了一系列新的实验。escshrink, explode,collapse, gravity,basis,which nothing can esc.2、理论上是这样的：当某些星体的密度增大到某一特定点时便发生。P2measurement, launch, companion,speculation,UNIT 2-2 operatevi. 1、运转，起作用；2、动手术（on,upon）convincing,The theory isstars explodet somewhen theirswallow,

21、operate, to make use of, a great many, above all2.句子英译汉：1) 6) 与常考句型相同。Theelevatoroperatesdensityincreasestoasmoothly.电梯运行顺利。particular po.3、有人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超。P2Themedicinegradually7)Theremightbeaoperated.药物逐渐奏效了。The doctor operated on the neck of the patient.Some people thinkStart of Bethlehemt thecould

22、massive black holeat thegalaxycenterofourhave been a supernova.4、假定一个人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快就能到达黑洞中心。P3swallowing up stars at a very ra rate.8) They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.UNIT 2-3医生给的颈部动手术。vt.1、操作，经营；

23、2、对。动手术This airline operates five main lines and dozens of branch lines.这家航空公司经营五条主干线和十几条支线。If a man fello ablack t heof ithole, he would think reached the centervery quickly.5、只是在近几年天文学家才开始具体研究黑洞。P3ItisonlyrecentlytDoyouknowhowtoastronomershavebegun3句子汉译英黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题。 Astronomers have not

24、yetfullysolvedtheoperate the machine? 你知道怎么开这台机器吗？ The doctor operatedpatient on the neck.specific researchholes.o black6、另一方面，科学家们也在设想，由于有非常先进的技术，人theproblem of what a black hole is.据说黑洞可以将其周围的一切物体，如星星吞食掉。boundary _ _ _ _ _ _ _eighteenth centuries.2.Imaginetheearth4.永恒的，经久不变的_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _a.creduc

25、ed to the size of amarble,stillbuttheItis saidt blackableto5.基础，根据 n.b _ _ _ _ _ _ _(have)holesaresame mass, and you have some idea of theforce of a black hole.swallowupallthe发射，发动_ _ _双胞胎之一_ _ _ _同伴，同事_ _ _ _v.l _ _ _ _ _objects around them, such as stars .对黑洞的研究刚刚开始，各种各样的假说层出不穷。 The research of bl

26、ack holes is just beginning and speculation about them are endless.科学家仍不能说出黑洞内发生了什么。Scientists still can nota.t _ _ _ _3.If onejourney(make) aovertheone wouldn.c _ _ _ _Continentsfindeverykindof9.人类 n.m _ _ _ _ _ _ _surface mountain plains,areasincluding ranges,andemptycovered10.推测，猜测_ _ _ _n.s _ _

27、_ _11.吞 v.s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _12.不充分的 a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _permanently by ice and snow.4.And astronomers arelwhappensinside a black hole.13.物质_ _n.m _ _ _ _ _ _planning observatory theexplodinganewIt is still imscientists tosible forl whattostudyindividual情况，环境_ _ _ _发生，出现_ _ _ _a.c _ _ _ _happens inside a

28、 blackhole.v.o _ _ _ _stars(beve)be black holes.to如果认识了黑洞，黑洞16._ _ 17._ _a.i _ _ _ _ _ _5.Matter fromthe onecan towards就不那么可怕了。If we understood black holes, they would not be so fearful .Black holes will not bewhichwen.e _ _ _ _ _ _see(pull)the companion star.UNIT 2-46.There might be a massive black

29、 hole at the centre of18.看不见的 a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _so fearful if we get know them.单元课后练习.Word Spellingto宇航员_ _ _热带的_ _ _n.a _ _ _ _ _a.t _ _ _ _ _ourgalaxy(swallow)1.密度 n. density _ _ _ _ _ _ _up stars at a very rarate.Word Form 1.Supernovae(rep7.The most(convince)evidenceofblackholes2.（使）倒塌，（使）v.collap

30、se _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _3. 边界线 ，边界n.ort)theby astronomers inseventeenthandcomes from researchbinary star systems.o8.They show us a worldD if4.In some binary systems, astronomers have shownsalite wasto gatherwhichoperatesinadata about the black holeshe Milky way.(total) different wayfrom our own.t there is

31、 an invisible companion star, a partner to which we can see in the sky.A the oneAted9.Theareassurfaceofsomedeliveredlaunchedtransmitted(consist) largelyof high mountains and deep valleys.10.Our world is the home ofa very great many different9.ThetermswewouldBtnormally use to describe athe onesthoses

32、cientificarehere.phenomenonpeople-peopleswithdifferent(colour) skins.5.Ontheotherhand,inadequateinvisible.Vocabulary Structure 1.Astronomersscientists thinkandscientists have suggestedtveryadvancedcouldoneCenseand t a blackof spacetechnologydaytheD individual10.We know nothing about events which hap

33、pen once objects pass this boundary,energyofhole is aregionblack holes for mmake fun ofmake sure ofmake use ofmake sense of 6.Astronomersind.(notmatterathing)whichhasfallenBut,mattermustandwhich nothing canbehaveverydifferentlyesc AB-not even light.inside the hole.in additioninin detailoohave otherv

34、eo fromevidence of astars too, whifewighC fromoD from from2.This pros of shrinkingblack holes paniescomparisonscompoundscompanions 7.The earth is oneDheory.C-E Translation这个收缩的过程如此强烈，以至于黑洞产生了。直到最近天文学家们才开始研究黑洞。但是从理论上说，物质在黑洞里的行为一定非常不同。may be soenseablack hole results.whetherwhatwhichofnineplanetswhich

35、moveDtinround the sun.trackorbittourrouteUNIT 2-5黑洞最强有力的双星系的研究。有一天也许人类也会遭此命运。3.Binarystars,their来自对name suggests, are twinstarswhoseitioninspace affects each other.A asUnit 2单元自测.Word Spelling 1.densityBtC what8.InAugust1977,a2.collapserequest 后面接 for，表示要求的对象；“根据要求”为 by(或 on) request；“应。之要求”则 为 at s

36、bs request。He made a request for immediate help.他要求立即给予帮助。 3.boundary4.constant 5.basis 6.launch4.Themostconvincingevidenceofblackholes7.twin9.mpanioncomes from researchbinary star systems.oind10.speculation12.inadequate11.swallow5.Mind mayonedaymeet this fate.13.matter 14.circumstance15.occur四、试题1.

37、 星体的密度增大到一定程度Minibuses sty request.16.ense17.evidence时就会发生。小公共汽车招手即停。Instructions will be sent18.invisible 19.astronaut 20.tropical.Word Form答： The star will explode when its density increases to some extent.2. 你能想象黑洞的引力有多大吗？答： Can you imagine howimmediarequest.yon(upon)1.were3.madereported2.having说

38、明将按要求立即寄出。The singer gave one more song at our request.4.beved 5.is being pulled6.swallowingstrong the graviional pull在的要求下又唱了一首歌。7.convincing 9.consists 10.coloured.Vocabulary Structure8.totallyof a black hole is ?Your silence is requested.说话。 ensure vt.保证，担保 ensure 后面接 against 或 from，表示“保证。免于。”；后面

39、接 to 或 for，则表示“保证。 具有。”。3. 假人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快能到达黑洞的中心。and答：If a man fello a blackhole, he would thinkt he1.B 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.C6.D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.D.C-E Translationreached thevery quickly.centerofit4.超答早在 17有过We can ensuret the世纪天文学家便对。1.This pros of shrinkingt a blackwork w ill be done in the right way.可以保证

40、把工作做好。：Supernovaewereis soensehole results.2.It is only recently/It is notreported by astronomers asearly ascentury.he seventeenthThecan ensure theuntilrecentlytwitness against ( 或 from) danger.astronomershavebegun5. 他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标。答： He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal.UNIT 3-1一、word

41、 studyspecific researchholes.o black能保证证人免受。This measure ensure to (或for) us a voice这项措施使有发言权。he matter.在这件事上具UNIT3.But must2-6intheory, behavemattervery very ope vt.1、，反抗；differently/inarequest,ensure,opden,open upe,bur2、使相对，使对抗（to） Manypeopleoped building a new highw aydifferent manner inside theb

42、lack hole. request n./vt.请求，要求大辩论。P3The programme hasbecause of the great cost.由于代价过于高昂，许多人都反对修一条新公路。They opened up a mine in the remote areas.他们在那个偏远地区开了矿。They decided to open up asince20eachbeenboughtbyToopthedifficultiesshecountriesandised a will of iron.businesshe town.timeitshown,itstartsanatio

43、nwide她用钢铁般的意志对待。他们决定在城里开一家店。The girl decided to open upWhat he said was totallydebate on the subject.4、那些oped to the facts.and这个一切。l us everything.决定坦诚地告诉的人实际在他说的与事实完全相反。告诉我，临终者没有这个权利。P9WhatthosepeoplewhoWe are firmly opedtothis dirty political deal.这场肮脏的政治交易。 burden n.1、担子，负担； 2、责任，义务UNIT3-2opeeuna

44、siaareling me ist dying二、常考句型1、people havent the right.三、习题1.词汇英译汉.weaken.deteriorate.debate . legal. request.criterion.ensure.重病在身，再也不能说清楚话，他知道他没有康复的希望，身体状况正在急剧 恶化。P2Affected w ith a serious disease, van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearlyand he knew there w as noShe bore the w hourdenof rai

45、sino children.她一个人负起抚养全部责任。The burden of running的theopetraditionfactory is too heavy for hisfailing health. 管理这家工厂considerationburdendisabled.hope of recovery and his condition was radeteriorating.tlyvulnerableprohibition sensitive的重担对他日益的健康来说是太重了。 vt.使负重担；麻烦，劳累The mother w as burden w ith w orries.

46、忧心忡忡。词组：. maketo debate on . to2、在让自己的医生注射最后结束生命的那一针之前，生命中的最后三个月被拍摄了下来，去年在荷兰电视上首次播出。P3Van Wendels last threemonths of life before beingrequestforbeoped to . to take oaccount2.句子英译汉（重点句） Affected w ith a serious disease, van Wendal w as no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of

47、 recovery andStudentsburdenedarewithheavilyhomeassignments.学生家庭作业负担过重。 open up1、打开；2、开办，开辟，开发；3、坦诚地或无拘无束地谈givenafinal,lelinjection by his doctor were filmed andshownthis condition w as ly deteriorating.WendelslastthreeonevilastyearinraVan话They stomach source ofopened uptogetat the trouble.his the他们t

48、he Netherlands.3、从那时开始，已有20months of life before being多个givenainjectionfinal,his国家买下了这个，每次lelby都引起了对这一话题的性给他的胃开了刀，以找出病根。doctor w ere filmed andpermits eunasia ?D. of： C . 考点：词组 debate on 对 的争论。shown onevi支持这一观点的医生并不意味last yearhe Netherlands.着他们不关心。The programme has sinceThose doctors w ho supportthe

49、 idea never mean they3. 汉译英：每次 都引起对此话题的论。（ 99.10 ）这个，beenboughtby20性大辩： Eachcountries and each time itisshown,itstartsadontcarepatients .在第一个医生about/fortime it is shown , this program starts a nationwide debate on the subject.nationw ide subject.What thosedebateonthe疾病之后，必须由另外一名医生确认病情。peoplenasiawho

50、areAfter thedoctor has4. 汉译英 ： 据说那个曾要求医生助他一死。（00.10）： The patient is said to have asked the doctor to help him die.（ 或者： It is said t theopeeudiagnosed the illness , a second doctor must confirmthe case .ling me istdyingpeople havent theright.The guidelines demandt者认为并不一定真正the patient is experiencin

51、g希望结束生命，可能请求之后另有他求。Opponents think patients may not really w ant to end their lives, and probably there is another requestbehind the request .extreme suffering , there is nochance of a cure, andtpatienthasaskedthedoctor to help him die .）UNIT 4-1一、word studytthepatienthasmadeforrepeatedrequestseunas

52、ia .exploit ,deserve,sn,execute,I thinklegallyt anythingallowst thedoesus,briner四、试题1. The film（ show exploit vt.1、开发，开采； 2、利用；3、剥削 A mine is exploited for its minertals.开发矿山是为了采矿。The student exploits every sibility to learn English.这个学生利用一切可能性语。The company exploited itsw orkers w ith long hours）sho

53、rteningoflifeCees Van Wendel s death wmake those people vulnerable.3.句子汉译英 P.59的确能解除临终痛苦。Eunasia can reallymoreasbothmovingandsensitive.（99.10）： showing .考点： showing是现在分词作定语修饰 the film .的help2.Eachtime ofdaysthe Vanbeforerid the dying patients ofprogrammerWendals lastextremesuffering.Eunasiadoesrele

54、aseeunasia w as showed onT V, it starts a nationw ideand loy.the dying people from theirsuffering . 你知道不知道荷兰该公司用长工时、低工资的方法来剥削工人。debate（99.10）foragainstonthesubject.的国家?n n.1、战役；2、是欧洲唯一允许Doyouknowtthe onlyt运动，参选运动NetherlandsistheTheHuai-HaincountryinEuropewas essential to the victory brinerof the War

55、 ofLiberation.这位钢琴家把这首曲子演奏得完美极了。The criminal w as executed after the trial.审判后罪犯即被处死。 deserve vt.应受，值得（宾语可用名词，动词或动词不定1、把。带来；2、使转变 Next summer he hopes to bring his family over from淮海战役对解放关重要。的胜利至Our country is launching an against waste.the united ses.国家正在开展ial运动。n他希望明年夏天把家属从带来。My father is alw ays

56、trying to bring me over to his way of thinking.父亲总想使我接受他的思想方法。二、重点句型1、据估计，有 20000 多海外来的家庭佣人在英国工作。P1 There are estimated to beHis式） He praise.certainlydeservessucceeded and he w on the election. 总统竞选运动取得成功，他当选了。 vi.参加运动，参加竞选活动他的确应受表扬。Our band deserves r withthebestin country.ingthisThey w erening tok

57、eep the local school open.他们为使当地学校不致关闭而奔走活动。的乐队在国内当之无愧属于一流。 He deserves to besent to prison.坐牢。Thecandidatesnedfor by toat他应该被送去moren 20,000 overseas由 deservesendingoutlettersdomestic servants working in Britain. There be 表 存在 的句型。2 、在这 20000 人中，将近2000 人正受着她们的雇主的剥削和 。P1Of these 20,000, just under200

58、0 are being exploited变成的形容词 votersandspeakingpublic meeting.deserving 后边用介词 of。 The robber is deserving of capital punishment.这个强盗应处极刑。总统候选人通过向选民发信和群众上讲演来竞选。vt.使。参加运动；对。进行活动The old man w deserving of pity.那个老人家实在值得asreallyJoan isernmentning the。 s地位，us n.1、情形，状况；2、forequalandabusedbytheirrights for

59、women.进行活动，要求给予妇女同等权利。 execute vt.1、实行，执行，employers.3、在今年早些时候的几个广为的事例中，全世界女佣的悲We should be alw ays aware of the sus of w orldairs.应该时刻关注世界形势。惨处境得到注。P3的很大关完成， ；2、将。处死 orders were immedia executed.AllyNonewillquestionhisThesadconditionofomenwwsus as a scholar.orkingundas domestics aro所有令都立即执行了。没有人会怀疑他

60、的学者 We should raise the s of women in society.UNIT 4-2。usYour order will be executedthewas early assible.orld received much med ia attention ear r this year in several highly publicizedcases.你令将尽早执行。The pianist executedthepiece of music perfectly.应该提高妇女的社会地位。4、一名菲律宾女佣因被指控犯有谋杀罪而在新加坡遭处决，尽working in Br