神经解剖学课件：posterior triangle of neck

1、Posterior triangle of the neck Deep fascia of the neck Boundary of posterior triangle Contents of posterior triangle: muscles, vessels, nervesSkeleton of neck & Important landmarksCervical part of spinal column Hyoid bone Cartilage of the respiratory tracts larynx and trachealower border of mandible

2、 & mandibular angleMastoid processBones and cartilages of neck LandmarksPalpate following structures on your own neck:Hyoid boneThyroid cartilage: laryngeal prominence Cricoid cartilageTracheaSCMSuperficial structure-platysmaInvesting LayerPretracheal Layer Prevertebral Layer Deep fasciaDeep fasciaD

3、eep fasciaSuperficial Muscles of the Neck What is posterior of neckBoundary of posterior triangle:bounded by the SCM, trapezius and middle third of the clavicle Two by omohyoid m: supraclavicular & occipital Apex: its apex where the SCM and trapezius meet on the superior nuchal line of the occipital

4、 bone.A roof is formed deeply by investing layer of the cervical fascia.A floor is formed by muscles covered by the prevertebral layer of the cervical fascia.Main contents in posterior Muscles scalenus anterior, medius, posterior; levator scapulae, splenius Nerves : cervical plexus, brachial plexus

5、(root of neck), and accessory N.Vessels external jugular vein, subclavian a and its branches & v (root of neck) and thyrocervical trunkCervical lymph nodes .Muscles in the posterior The floor of the posterior of neck is formed by scalenus anterior, medius ,& posterior , levator scapulae, splenius .T

6、he scalenus anterior is key structurescalenus (ant., medius, post.)spleniuslevator scapulare the external jugular veinthe junction of the posterior auricular vein and the posterior division of the retromandibular vein. crosses the SCM in the superficial fascia, at a point about 35cm above the clavic

7、le, usually end by emptying into the subclavian vein.Subclavian v.:being continuous with axillary v., Ant. to the scalenus Ant., uniting with internal jugular v. to form brachiocephalic v. posterior to the sternoclavicular jointSubclavian a. Post. to the subclavian v.Anteroinferior to the brachial p

8、lexus in scalenus spaceTransverse cervical a.from thyocervical trunksuperior to the clavicledeep to the omohyoidSuprascapular a.from thyrocervical trunkPosterior to clavicleArteries of posterior triangleThe accessory nerve CNcrosses the posterior , superficial to the deep fascia covering the floorTh

9、e accessory nerve CN a motor nerve supplies the sternocleidomastoid muscle & the trapezius muscleCervical nerve plexus This plexus is formed by 1st to 4th cervical nerves. Cervical nerve plexusCutaneous branches of the cervical plexusThe lesser occipital nerve supplies the scalp posterior to the aur

10、icle. The great auricular nerve supplies the skin superficial to the parotid gland and the mandibular angle. The transverse cervical nerve supplies the skin of anterior portion of the neck. The supraclavicular nerves supplies the skin of the anterior thoracic wall above the 2nd costal space as well

11、as the shoulder.The phrenic Nmotor nerve supply the diaphragm arises from the ventral primary rami 3rd 4th and 5th cervical N.sensory branches: the central part of the pleural and peritoneum of the diaphragm.Descends obliquely across anterior scalenus.Nerves of posterior triangleOutline Superficial dissection Deep dissection The investing layer of the deep cervical fascia has been removed. Although the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)