Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars Section ⅠWarming UpReading 课件（人教版必修3课标通用）

1、Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars Astronomy is a natural science that deals with the study of celestial objects (such as moons, planets, stars, nebulae(曙光星云), and galaxies); physics, chemistry, mathematics, and evolution of such objects; and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of

2、 Earth (such as supernovae explosions, gamma ray bursts, and cosmic background radiation). A related but distinct subject, cosmology, is concerned with studying the universe as a whole. Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences. Prehistoric cultures left behind astronomical artifacts such as the Egypt

3、ian monuments and Nubian monuments, and early civilizations such as the Babylonians, Greeks, Chinese, Indians, Iranians and Maya performed methodical observations of the night sky. However, the invention of the telescope was required before astronomy was able to develop into a modern science. Histor

4、ically, astronomy has included disciplines as diverse as astrometry, celestial navigation, observational astronomy, and the making of calendars, but professional astronomy is nowadays often considered to be synonymous with astrophysics. During the 20th century, the field of professional astronomy sp

5、lit into observational and theoretical branches. Observational astronomy is focused on acquiring data from observations of astronomical objects, which is then analyzed using basic principles of physics. Theoretical astronomy is oriented towards the development of computer or analytical models to des

6、cribe astronomical objects and phenomena. The two fields complement each other, with theoretical astronomy seeking to explain the observational results, and observations being used to confirm theoretical results.Notes：celestial slestl adj.天的，天空的 n天人，神仙；(指封建时代的)中国人，天朝之人cosmology kzmldi n宇宙学methodical

7、 midikl adj.有方法的；有条不紊的；井然Read the passage carefully and judge the following sentences true(T) or false(F)1Astronomy is only used for the study of stars.()2The oldest sciences include astronomy and others.()3The field of professional astronomy was split into observational and theoretical branches.()4

8、Theoretical results need to be tested by the facts.()答案Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars Section Warming Up & Reading 课件（人教版必修3，课标通用）.阅读理解(根据Reading内容选择答案)1What began to appear on the earths surface when it cooled down?AWater. BGases.CAcids. DCarbon.2From the last paragraph we can infer that

9、 the author is _.Aconfident BsadCconcerned Dangry3What does the word “they” refer to in the sentences “It exploded loudly with fire and were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and.”？APlanets. BStars.CGases. DFire and rock.4Which is the right order of the development of life?ASmall cle

10、ver animalsshellfishdinosaursmammals.BShellfishdinosaurssmall clever animalsmammals.CShellfishdinosaursmammalssmall clever animals.DDinosaursshellfishmammalssmall clever animals.5Why were mammals different from other life forms?ABecause they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed

11、 them.BBecause they produced young generally by laying eggs.CBecause they were able to live on land as well as in the water.DBecause they lived on grass.答案.短文填词(根据Reading内容完成短文) As the result of “Big Bang”， the violent earth slowly settled into a globe _1_ (move) around the sun. The gases which were

12、 to make the earths _2_ (大气层)came into being from the explosion of the dust ball, with water _3_ (follow) them while the earth cooled down. It allowed the beginning of life. Many millions of years _4_， the first _5_ (极度的) small plants began to appear _6_ the surface of the water，_7_ (繁殖) and filling

13、 the seas and oceans, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. As time passed, green plants taking in carbon dioxide and producing _8_(氧气)came to land and grew into forest. Later the chains of lives continued, such as insects, amphibians, reptiles, dinosaurs a

14、nd mammals, the typical of _9_ is human being. They dont only do _10_ to the earth but cause damage to it.答案5extremely.阅读表达(根据Reading内容完成下列各题)1Whats the main idea of the text? (Please answer within 20 words.)_2Why was the earth different from the other planets？(Please answer within 10 words.)_3Why d

15、id the dinosaurs disappear suddenly? (Please answer within 10 words.)_4Whats the relation between the plants and animals? (Please answer within 10 words.)_5What problems have been caused by humans to the earth? (Please answer within 10 words.)_答案1.The text mainly tells us the formation of the earth

16、and the development of life on it.2.Because there is water on the earth.3.No one knows that, and it remains a mystery.4.They depend on each other.5.The earth is becoming warmer and warmer.教材研读一、重点单词熟记1_ n天文学2_ adj.太阳系3_ n系统；体系；制度4_ n宗教；宗教信仰5_ n学说；理论6_ n原子7_ adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的8_ n大气层；气氛9_ prep.不同；不像10_

17、adj.基本的；基础的11_ adj.有害的12_ vi.&vt.乘；增加13_ n氧14_ vi.生存；存在15_ adv.因此；于是16_ vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n迷；难题答案5theory二、重点短语探究1solar _ 太阳系2_ time及时；终于3_eggs下蛋4give _ 产生；分娩5_ ones turn轮到某人；接着6prevent _ 阻止；制止答案4.birth to三、教材佳句背诵1_ _ _ _ become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust

18、 settled into a solid globe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到4538亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成了一个固体的球状物。2The earth became _ violent _ it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。3This produced a chain reaction, _ _ _ _ for life to develop.这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。4So _ life will continue on t

19、he earth for millions of years to come will depend on _ this problem can be solved.所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。答案1.What it was to2.so; that3.which made it possible；whether1violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 (教材原句) The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.

20、(P25)地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。【句法分析】 这是一个复合句。此处为连词so.that引导的结果状语从句，其中从句中的it为形式主语，连词whether引导的从句为真正主语。【用法归纳】violently adv.猛烈地；凶猛地violence n暴力；暴行；激情with violence猛烈地；强有力地take.by violence强夺When the man got drunk, he became very violent.当喝醉酒时，这人变得很粗暴。Whatever happens, we will never use violence.无论

21、发生什么，我们决不会使用暴力。The wind blew with great violence and the climbers had to give up.风刮得很猛，登山队员们不得不放弃。【一言辨异】Larry was in violent a result, he behaved violently and treated everything with violence.拉里处于极度痛苦之中，因此他表现得很粗暴，一切都以暴力对待。【典例剖析】It is commonly believed that _ programs and video games really cause pe

22、ople to become more aggressive. Afierce BviolentCcruel Dfearful解析考查名词。句意：一般认为暴力节目和视频游戏通常引起人们更具侵略性。根据more aggressive可知此处为“更爱挑衅的”。答案B【即境活用】完成句子为什么一些火山比另外一些火山喷发得更猛烈？Why are some volcanic eruptions _ _ _ others? 他昨天碰上了暴风雨。He was caught in _ _ _ yesterday.答案more violent thana violent storm2in time及时；终于；迟

23、早；总有一天 (教材原句)They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere.(P25)它们最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，这些后来形成了地球的大气层。【句法分析】 这是一个复合句。关系代词which引导的从句为定语从句；不定式to produce.短语为结果状语。【用法归纳】at times有时at a time每次in no time立刻；马上at the same time同时at one time一

24、度；从前at no time绝不(置于句首时，句子常用倒装)At the same time, tuition continues to rise.(失业率增长的)同时，(大学)学费继续上升。Well have that leak fixed in no time.我们马上就把那个漏洞补上。Do one thing at a time and do it well.一次只做一件事情，并且要做到最好。考点警示 at no time用在句首时，句子要部分倒装。in no time相当于at once或immediately，用于句首不倒装。【典例剖析】Im so tired of endless

25、work.Hang on there, Brain! Your career would take off _.Ain time Bon timeCat no time Dat a time解析考查介词短语。句意：我厌烦了无止境的工作。布雷恩，坚持吧。你的事业迟早会腾飞。此处事业的腾飞与现在的情况不同，由此推知“迟早”。答案A【即境活用】完成句子幸运的是，一名军人及时赶来救起了这名溺水的男孩。Fortunately a soldier came to rescue _ _ _ _ the drowning boy. 我们在任何时候都不能向困难屈服。At no time _ _ give in

26、to difficulties.只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。You will succeed _ _ as long as you dont give up.答案in time to saveshould wein time3unlike prep.不同；不像 adj.不同的；相异的 (教材原句)Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.(P26)在火星等其他行星上也出现了水，但不像在地球上一样，这些水后来消失了。【句法分析】 这是一个并

27、列句。前后句子由表示转折意思的连词but引导。【用法归纳】Its unlike sb to do sth做不像某人平常的样子unlikely adj.不大可能发生的；未必会发生的likely adj.可能的be likely to do sth可能做某事Its likely that.有可能Its very unlike him to be so late.迟到这么久可实在不像他平时的作风。Its unlike you not to say hello.连招呼都不打，这可不像是你(的作风)。Hes likely to arrive a bit late.他可能会晚到一会儿。 【助记】【典例剖析

28、】Which team is _ to win the game?I dont know, but Ive found _ that ours will win. Aprobable; it unlikely Bpossible; it possible Clikely; it possible D. likely; it possibly 解析考查形容词。句意：哪个队可能赢得比赛？我不知道，但我已经发现我们队可能赢。第一空为be likely to do句型；第二空为形式宾语it，然后是形容词表语句型，由此可知答案。答案C【即境活用】完成句子有可能他不参加会议_ _ _ he will no

29、t attend the meeting.她们毫无相似之处，谁也不相信她们是姐妹。海啸，像大地震一样，会对人类造成很大伤害。They are _ _ _ nobody would believe they were sisters.A Tsunami，_ a big earthquake, can do great damage to human beings.今年秋天约翰可能在伦敦。John _ _ _ be in London this autumn.答案Its likely thatso unlike that；likeis likely to4harmful adj.有害的 (教材原句

30、)What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.(P26)很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。【句法分析】 这是一个复合句。主语是一个what引导的主语从句；表语为that引导的表语从句。【用法归纳】be harmful to.对有害harm n. & vt.伤害；损害do harm to sbdo

31、sb harm对某人有害There is no harm in doing sth做某事没有害处harmless adj.无害的harmlessness n无害Hard work never did anyone any harm.努力工作对任何人绝无害处。【一言辨异】This object gives off harmful gases which may do harm to our must make the object harmless before you use it.此物会散发有害气体，这些气体会损害我们的健康，你必须在使用之前让它变得无害。【典例剖析】Many lifesty

32、le patterns do such _ great harm to health that they actually speed up _ weakening of the human body.Aa; / B/; theCa; the D/; /解析考查冠词。第一空是do harm to是固定词组，表示“对有伤害”，harm为不可数名词，故用零冠词；第二空用定冠词特指人体的衰弱。所以这里选B项。答案B【即境活用】完成句子这种药对儿童有害，却对成年人没有什么害处。The medicine _ _ _ children but does no harm to adults.这起案件将严重损

33、害我的生活。This case will _ _ _ _ my life.答案is harmful todo serious harm to5exist vi.存在；生存 (教材原句) They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.(P26)它们也生蛋，在地球上存在了1亿4千多万年。【句法分析】 这是一个简单句。laid eggs too and existed为两个并列谓语部分。【用法归纳】exist in存在于中exist on靠生活/生存There exists.存在；有existe

34、nce n存在；生活in existence现存的；现有的come into existence产生；成立；开始存在It is said that the plant is the oldest in existence.据说这种植物是现存最古老的。Without air, we cant exist even for one minute.没有空气，我们甚至连一分钟都生存不了。考点警示exist没有被动语态和进行时。 【典例剖析】Earth is a rocky planet where there is liquid water, which is necessary for life t

35、o _.Acome Bexist Cstand Dhappen解析考查动词。句意：地球是一个有液态水的岩石行星，水的存在是生命存在的必要条件。exist“存在；生存”，符合题意。答案B 【即境活用】完成句子人没有空气就不能生存。One cannot _ without air.他认为自己看不见的东西就不存在。He thought that if he couldnt see something, _ _ _ .你可能一辈子都要过着悲惨的生活。You may be stuck with _ _ _ for the rest of your life.答案existit didnt exista

36、miserable existence6give birth to产生；分娩 (教材原句)These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.(P26)这些动物不同于以往所有的生命形态，因为它们能生产幼仔并给幼仔哺乳。【句法分析】 这是一个复合句。连词because引导的句子为原因状语从句。【用法归纳】by birth出生；血统；天生地at birth一出生；出生时She

37、 is English by birth but French by marriage.她是英国血统，但嫁给了法国人而加入了法国国籍。The scientists experiments gave birth to a new drug.那位科学家的实验产生了一种新药。【典例剖析】It still puzzles the science world why some mammals produce their young _ and hatching while others _ to young babies.Alying eggs; giving birthBby laying eggs;

38、 by giving birthCby laying eggs; give birthDlaying eggs; giving birth解析考查动词短语。句意：为什么有些哺乳动物通过下蛋然后孵化而有些却通过生幼崽来繁殖下一代，这个问题仍旧让科学界的人士感到很迷惑。lay eggs“下蛋”；give birth to“产生；分娩；引起”；by doing sth“通过做”。答案B【即境活用】完成句子无休止的选择让人们在生活中产生了焦虑。The endless choice _ _ _ anxiety in peoples lives.婴儿一出生重达7磅。The baby weighed sev

39、en pounds _ _.他被认为是天生的音乐家。 He is considered to be a musician _ _.答案gives birth toat birthby birth7in ones turn轮到某人；接着 (教材原句)Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.(P26)于是，它们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。【用法归纳】in turn依次；轮流；相应地；转而；反过来by turns轮流；交替take turns to do sth轮流做某事Its

40、ones turn to do sth轮到某人做某事It will be in Toms turn to be on duty tomorrow.明天轮到汤姆值日。Its my turn to deliver a speech in public.轮到我在公众面前发表演讲了。【典例剖析】， there are 65 separate steps required to make a dollar bill.AIn total BIn orderCIn turn DIn short解析考查介词短语。句意：美钞看上去被制作的很有趣，但是很难仿制，制作张美钞需要65个单独的步骤。in total意思

41、为“总计；合计”符合题意。答案A【即境活用】完成句子更为重要的是，我觉得该是我开始照顾父亲的时候了。More importantly, I found _ _ _ _ to start looking out for my father. 他们接着为这项计划提了一些建议。They, _ _ _， gave some advice for the plan.所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。All theories are from practice and _ _ serve practice.答案it was my turnin their turnin turn8prevent.

42、from.阻止；制止 (教材原句)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.(P26)他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这就使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。【句法分析】 这是一个复合句。关系代词which 引导的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere。【用法归纳】stop.from.制止keep.from.阻止protect.from/against.保护免受伤害What can stop our going (up from going)if we want to go?如果我们想去又有什么能阻止我们去呢？Soldiers have been sent to protect the crew against attack.已经派出士兵保护船员免遭袭击。考点警示短语prevent/stop/protect.from.中的from可以省略，keep.from.中的from不能省略。但在被动结构中，from均不可省略。【典例剖析】As you know, it is our duty to _ my younge