备战2021届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读话题篇专题03自然与环境含解析

1、备战2021届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读话题篇专题03自然与环境含解析备战2021届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读话题篇专题03自然与环境含解析备战2021届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读话题篇专题03自然与环境含解析专题03 自然与环境【美文阅读】To give or not When a rather dirty ， poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins ， do you hurry on ， not knowing what to do ， or do

2、you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money ？ What should our attitude to beggars be ? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories 。 It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from 。 It seems cruel not to give some money to beggars 。Certa

3、inly ， most of the worlds great religions order us to be openhearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves .But has the world changed ？Maybe what was morally right in the old days ，when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help ,is no longe

4、r the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars 。Let us look at their arguments.First ,some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging .Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil。Secondly ， there is the worry

5、 that the money you give will be spent on beer ,wine or drugs .Thirdly ，there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor ，but that is no reason for losing ones sense of pride and self-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by t

6、he government rather than ordinary people .Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help。 It is hard to come to any final conclusion ； there are various cases and we must deal with them differently .A few coins can save a life in some situations , and even i

7、f the money is wasted ，that does not take way the moral goodness of the giver。给还是不给当一个脏兮兮、衣衫褴褛的人跪在你脚下，伸出双手乞求几枚硬币时，你是匆匆忙忙忙地不知如何是好，还是伤心地匆匆递上一些钱?我们对乞丐应该持什么态度？毫无疑问，这个世界充满了可怕的悲伤故事。不知道下一顿饭从哪里来一定很可怕。不给乞丐钱似乎很残忍。当然，世界上大多数伟大的宗教都要求我们敞开心扉，与那些不如我们自己幸运的人分享我们所拥有的,但是世界改变了吗？也许在过去，当一个人确切地知道村里谁遭受了不幸并需要帮助时，道德上正确的做法不再是最

8、好的主意。不少人不肯给乞丐，让我们看看他们的论点。首先,有人认为许多城市乞丐故意打扮成可怜的样子以乞讨为生。给予乞丐只会鼓励这种行为邪恶.其次有人担心你给的钱会花在啤酒、酒或毒品上.第三，有人认为乞讨没有真正的借口。一个人可能很穷，但这并不是丧失自豪感和自立感的理由。与此相关的是，这个问题应该由政府而不是普通人来解决,一些人认为乞丐应该去当地政府部门接受帮助.很难得出最后的结论,有各种各样的情况，我们必须区别对待。在某些情况下，几枚硬币可以拯救一条命，即使浪费了金钱,也不能取代给予者的道德良善。注解：1. religion rilidn n。宗教，宗教信仰2. morally m:rli ad

9、v。 道德上地,道义上地3. misfortune misf:tn n。不幸，厄运,逆境;不幸事故，灾难4. pitiable pitibl a.引人怜悯的,可怜的5. evil i:vl a。邪恶的，坏的 n。邪恶,罪恶，祸害语法点拨： When a rather dirty ， poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins ， do you hurry on , not knowing what to do , or do you feel sad and hu

10、rriedly hand over some money ?分析:句中 poorly dressed 为过去分词作定语，修饰person,相当于a person who is poorly dressed. not knowing what to do 为现在分词否定式作伴随状语。体会下列现在分词作状语的用法： 1)Cant you read?” Mary said angrily, pointing to the notice.（伴随） “难道你不识字吗？”玛丽指着通知愤怒地说. 2)Having read the letter， she got very excited.（原因) 读过信后

11、，她变得很兴奋。 3)Not knowing her address， we couldnt get in touch with her。(原因） 不知道她的地址，我们无法与她取得联系. 4)His parents were killed in the accident， leaving him an orphan。（结果） 他的父母在事故中遇难，他成了孤儿. 5)When crossing the road， please be careful。（时间） 过马路时千万小心. 6）Working hard， youll get a good achievement。（条件） 努力学习你就能取得

12、好成绩。 7)Working so hard, he failed again。（让步） 尽管他如此努力还是失败了【话题阅读】导读：中国濒临灭绝的大熊猫如今因气候变化而陷入失去它们的主食的危险之中。赶快行动起来保护他们吧!Pandas face bamboo shortage threat = 1 GB3 Already threatened by a slow breeding rate and rapid habitat loss, Chinas endangered giant pandas now also risk losing their main food， bamboo， to

13、 climate change, claim scientists。A study in Chinas northwestern Qinling Mountains, home to around 270 pandas-about a fifth of the worlds wild populationpredicts a big bamboo decline this century as the globe warms。The pandas may face a shortage of food unless they can find alternative food resource

14、s; the giant panda is a picky eater。 Ninetynine per cent of its diet = 2 GB3 consists of bamboobeing destroyed = 3 * GB3 up to 38 kilograms per day. Bamboo itself also has a slow reproductive rate， flowering only every 30 to 35 years, which means it would be slow to adapt to a change in local climat

15、e.Based on the data gathered for this study, researchers predict that three bamboo species which = 4 GB3 make up almost the entire diet of the Qinling pandas will all but disappear in a warmer climate.”Results suggest that almost the entire panda habitat in the region may disappear because of climat

16、e change = 5 * GB3 by the end of the 21st century，” the studys authors write。Already， deforestation is threatening the survival of about half of all bamboo species worldwide。The researchers say bamboo distribution has historically changed = 6 GB3 in response to changes in the climate. In the modern

17、era， though， even if other areas were to become climatically more suited for bamboo growth， these would be = 7 * GB3 far away。The findings should be used for planning ahead to protect areas that have a better climatic chance of providing enough food sources or begin creating natural bridges to allow

18、 pandas an escape from bamboo famine.大熊猫面临着食物短缺的威胁科学家们声称，由于一直以来受到低繁殖率和栖息地快速流失的威胁，中国濒临灭绝的大熊猫如今又因气候变化而陷入失去它们的主食-竹子的危险之中. 大约270只大熊猫栖息于中国西北部的秦岭山脉地区,这占世界野生大熊猫总数的五分之一。据这一地区的调查研究推测，随着全球变暖本世纪竹子的产量将平稳下滑。 “除非大熊猫能够找到另外一种食物资源来代替竹子，否则它们将很可能面临食物短缺的困境.大熊猫可是个挑剔的食客。” 大熊猫的食物中99都是竹子,它们平均每天吃掉的竹子达到38千克.竹子本身再生率低，每30年至35年

19、为一个生长周期，这也就意味着竹子适应当地气候变化的过程很慢。 根据这个调查得出的数据，调查者预测随着气候越来越暖，三种竹子将濒临灭绝.而这三种竹子正是几乎秦岭地区的大熊猫的全部食物源. 调查研究的发起者们写道:调查结果表明到21世纪末秦岭地区基本上所有大熊猫的栖息地将很可能消失。 滥伐森林正在在并且已经威胁着世界上将近一半种类的竹子的生存. 调查者说到自古以来竹子的分布状况都随着气候的变化而波动.不过在现代，即使其他地区从气候因素上来讲更适合竹子的生长，但是这些地区与目前大熊猫保护区相隔太远,没有重合区。 这些调查结果应该用于主动保护计划中，保护那些有更好的气候条件提供充足的食物资源的地区，或

20、者为大熊猫搭建起快速摆脱饥荒的自然通道。 重点单词:1。 breeding brid n. 繁殖，饲养2. picky pk adj. 挑剔的；吹毛求疵的3。 deforestation ,di，frsten n。 采伐森林;森林开伐4。 famine fmn n。 饥荒；饥饿，奇缺重点短语 / 亮点句式：1。 Already threatened by a slow breeding rate and rapid habitat loss， Chinas endangered giant pandas now also risk losing their main food， bamboo，

21、 to climate change, claim scientists. 科学家们声称，由于一直以来受到低繁殖率和栖息地快速流失的威胁，中国濒临灭绝的大熊猫如今又因气候变化而陷入失去它们的主食-竹子的危险之中。 threatened by a slow breeding rate and rapid habitat loss为过去分词短语作原因状语。bamboo作their main food的同位语。如：Inspired by what he said, we are determined to study harder。在他的话的鼓舞下，我们决心更加努力学习。Tom， my uncle，

22、 will come here tomorrow。我的叔叔-汤姆明天来这里。2. consists of 包含,包括。如：The course consists of ten core modules and five optional modules. 这门课程包括十个必修单元和五个选修单元。3。 up to多达；该由决定;胜任；直到。如：The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests。 这家旅馆可供500位旅客住宿。Her clothes are always right up to the minute. 她的衣服总是式样最新的。Its up to

23、you to decide whether to go or to stay.是去是留该由你决定。He is not up to this work。他不胜任这项工作。4. make up 弥补；和解；编造；整理；化妆；拼凑成。如：I tried to make up for my loss.我力图补偿我的损失。 Lets make up。让我们言归于好吧。 The boy made up a story, it is not true。这个故事不是真的,是那个男孩编造出来的。 Leave this notice hanging on your door, asking the servant

24、 to make up your room.留张便条挂在你房门上, 请服务员把你的房间整理一下. I dont like to see women making up in public.我不喜欢看见女人在公开场合化妆打扮。 Farm workers make up only a small section of the population。农民只占人口的一小部分。5。 by the end of 到为止。如：All reports must be sent in by the end of this week。 所有的报告必须在本星期以前交齐.6。 in response to 回应.如：

25、In response to their hospitality, we wrote a thankyou note.为回报他们的热情，我们写了一封感谢信。7. far away 遥远。如：We can talk to those who live far away by telephone。我们可以用电话和住在远处的人说话.名句背诵:A man can fail many times, but he isnt a failure until he begins to blame somebody else。 （J。 Burroughs）一个人可以失败很多次，但是只要他没有开始责怪旁人,他还不

26、是一个失败者.(巴勒斯） 【话题解读】 “自然与环境”是高中新课程标准话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话题。本话题包括动植物保护、生态保护、环境污染和保护等方面。这些话题与学生的生活 息息相关,联系密切。通过对这些话题的学习以及高考英语对这些话题的考查,可以让学生 多注意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。是高考英语热点话题，通常以阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达 的形式考查。【关键词汇、短语、句式】1。全球的关注 global concern 2.越来越糟get worse and worse/ get from bad to worse/ get more and mor

27、e serious 3。环境的破坏the destruction of our environment 4.改善环境刻不容缓Its high time that we did sth to improve the environment5。提高.的意识raise awareness that /of sth 6.承担保护环境的责任bear the responsibility to protect our environment 7.呼吁某人做某事call on / call for/ appeal to sb to do sth8。时间不等人the clock is ticking9。努力做

28、某事make all efforts/ endeavor /make ones utmost effort / go all out/try all means to do sth 10.采取行动/措施去take action /take measures to do 11.改善目前的状况improve the present situation12。关注pay attention to doing/show concern for sth13.伤害/损害。. cause harm/damage to14。不惜任何代价at all cost15。只要so/as long as16.承担做某事的

29、责任take the responsibility of doing sth17。以牺牲。.作为代价at the cost/ expense of our environment18。保护环境Protect the environment19。环境污染Environmental pollution20。释放有毒气体Give off/release poisonous gas21.受到严重污染Be seriously polluted22.对有害Do harm to / be harmful to23。(不）注意环保Pay （no） attention to24。灭绝die out25。多植树P

30、lant more trees26.把垃圾分类Sort the rubbish27。回收垃圾Recycle the rubbish28.受益良多Benefit a lot29.保持生态平衡Keep the balance of nature30。防止人们污染河流Prevent people from polluting the rivers31.为了提高生活质量，环境保护变得越来越重要In order to improve the quality of our life， it becomes more and more important to32.随着科技的进步,环境污染越来越严重With

31、 the development of science and technology, more and more pollution is produced33。 我们应该立刻采取措施与污染作斗争We should take immediate action / steps to fight against34。唯有这种方式我们才能享受新鲜空气，活得健康Only in this way can we enjoy fresh air and live a healthy life.【写作必备句型】1。To cherish the enviroment is to love ourselves。

32、爱护环境就是爱护我们自己2。I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation我急切呼吁应该采取措施改变现状3.We are sure that well win the battle.我们坚信我们能赢得战斗4. Keep our mountains green,the wate clean，and the sky blue。使我们山更绿，水更清，天更蓝5。Our earths days are numbered without urgent help。没有及时的帮助我们的地球就屈指可

33、数了.6.（Sth.)are bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blink eye to them。如果我们继续睁一只眼闭一只眼的话,.。一定会有恶劣的后果 7.近来环保已经引起了全球的关注。Environmental protection has caused global concern recently。8.我们应该马上采取措施来保护我们的环境免受污染。Its high time we took immediate measures to protect our earth from being poll

34、uted。9.每个人都应该提高保护地球的意识。Everybody should raise the awareness that its our duty to protect our mother earth。10。你不难发现每个人都在伤害地球，然而他们可能自己都没有意识到这一点。You cannot difficultly see that everybody actually is causing damage to the mother earth, which ， however, they may not be realizing。 I阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和

35、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项.AThe insects are important to farmers。 When a honeybee lands on a flower in plant， pollen （花粉) sticks to its legs. When the bee lands on another flower， some of the pollen falls off and fertilizes the second plant。The act of spreading pollen is responsible for many fruits， vegetables,

36、nuts and other crops. Yet about 30 percent of honeybees in the United States and other areas have died in recent years.Mike Leggett is a researcher at the University of Maryland. He wants to learn why so many bees are dying。 “The number of colonies （蜂群） that die every winter has been one in three. S

37、o on average 30 percent of the colonies have died every winter over the last six winters. And thats a huge number。” His research team examined the pollen that honeybees carried to their homes. They found that the pollen contained high levels of 35 different pesticides (杀虫剂), which are chemicals used

38、 to protect plants。 “Pesticides are used, and have been used, pretty widely， for centuries， to protect plants from diseases,” says Mr Leggett。Keith Oh linger， a farmer and beekeeper in Maryland， has watched many of his bees die every winter. Mr Ohlinger thinks widespread bee death is caused by sever

39、al things happening at once. But he does not feel sure that pesticides are a part of the problem, “I felt it was the result of a lot of little things。 I didnt feel that there was probably one smoking gun. But theres a division (分歧) there, some people feel that it is just one thing。”Honeybees are imp

40、ortant to agriculture. This makes the search for an answer to their death very important for Mr Leggetts team. As he knows， one in every three bites of food we eat is somehow pollinated by honeybees.1。What could be a suitable title for the text？A。Why Are Honeybees Important？B。How Do Honeybees Make H

41、oney？C。Pesticides Might Harm HoneybeesD.Honeybee Protection in Maryland2.How does Mr Leggett sound in paragraph 3?A.Worried。B.Happy。C.Surprised。D。Hopeful.3。We know from the fifth paragraph that Keith Ohlinger _。A.has become rich by keeping beesB。cares little about the death of his beesC。has never us

42、ed pesticides on his farmD。doubts whether pesticides have killed his bees4。In which part of a website can we most probably read the text？A。Agriculture.B.Health.C.Food.D。Technology.BBe careful what you say around your dog。 It might understand more than you think.A border collie named Lucky recognizes

43、 the names of about 200 objects， say researchers in Germany. The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3year-old child。 Its wordlearning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee（黑猩猩）.In one experiment， the researchers took all 200 items that Lucky is supposed to

44、know and divided them into 20 groups of 10 objects。 Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back。 In four tests, Lucky got 37 out of 40 commands right。 As the dog couldnt see anyone to get clues， the scientists believe Lucky must understand the meanings of certain w

45、ords。In another experiment， the scientists took one toy that Lucky had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whose names the dog already knew。 The owner then told Lucky to fetch the object， using a word the dog had never heard before.The correct object was chosen in seven out of l0

46、tests， suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by process of elimination(排除法）. A month later, Lucky remembered half of the new names，which is even more impressive.Lucky is thought to be smarter than the average dog。 For one thing, Lucky is a border collie, a breed（品种）known for its mental a

47、bilities。 In addition， the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months。Its hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say。 Even if they do， they cant talk back. Still, it wouldnt hurt to sweettalk your dog every now and then. You m

48、ight just get a big, wet kiss in return！5。From paragraph 2, we can infer that_.A。chimpanzees have very good wordlearning skillsB.dogs are smarter than parrots and chimpanzeesC。animals are as clever as human beingsD.dogs have similar learning abilities as 3-yearold children6。The two experiments show

49、that_。A.Lucky is smart enough to get all commands rightB.Lucky can recognize different things including toysC.Lucky has developed the ability of learning mathematicsD。Lucky wont forget the names of objects once recognizing them7。What does the author want to tell us？A。To train your dog。B。To talk to y

50、our dog.C。To be careful with your dog.D.To be friendly to your dog。CWE COMBAT ANIMAL DISEASES TOGETHER！We want to prevent serious animal diseases such as foot and mouth disease, classical swine fever and African swine fever from spreading to Finland. These and other animal diseases can be transmitte

51、d from one country to another by animals or by meat and dairy products even if they are packed for personal consumption or intended as gifts. Travelers like you play an important role in preventing the spread of animal diseases.Dont bring meat, meat products, milk and dairy products from nonEU count

52、ries to Finland!A ban on personal imports applies to meat and dairy products brought into Finland by travelers or ordered and sent through the post. The ban applies to food stuffs intended for personal consumption or as gifts and to pet food。 If you have food products of animal origin with you， thro

53、w them in a waste container in the point of entry or contact Customs！Bringing meat-containing products as presents and for personal use from an EU country to FinlandAt the moment, there are EU countries with cases of African swine fever. In those countries there are restriction areas and， as a rule，

54、 pork and wild bear meat or products containing these meats may not be imported from these areas into Finland。 Import is allowed only under very strict criteria controlled by local authorities。 However, the sales of these meat products within the country may be allowed. In the EU， the disease has be

55、en detected in Estonia， Latvia, Lithuania， Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Belgium and Italy (Sardinia), for instance。 It is difficult for travelers to know and prove from which area meat products originate and whether the products on sale meet all criteria。 This is the reason why we recommend t

56、hat people avoid importing any meat products containing pork or wild bear meat as presents or for personal use from countries with African swine fever。PLEASE NOTE！ Never leave any food waste or leftover in the environment or places where they may be eaten by wildlife. Never give food waste or leftov

57、er to production animals or to pet pigs.Thank you for helping us to prevent the spread of animal diseases。 We wish you a pleasant journey！8。Whom is this notice intended for?A。Food importers in Finland。B.Travelers to Finland。C.Citizens in EU countries。D.Medical staff from non-EU countries.9.Why does

58、the Finnish Food Authority issue the notice?A.To protect endangered wildlife。B.To secure the domestic economy。C.To promote vegetarian lifestyle。D.To prevent the infectious diseases。10。Which of the following behaviors is IMPROPER, according to the notice?A。A Russian official threw a beef burger in a

59、dustbin at the Finnish airport。B.A Finnish girl fed milk to pigeon at the park in her neighborhood.C.A Japanese traveler bought some Hungarian homemade sausages in Finland.D.A German brought German cheeses to his Finnish girlfriend as a gift。DNew research has found that grey seals can simulate（模仿） h

60、uman speech and songs。 The study carried out by Dr Amanda Stansbury and Professor Vincent Janik,at the University of St Andrews，found that grey seals use the same sound production system as humans due to having similar vocal tracts(声道）.Three young grey sealsZola,Gandalf and Janicewere monitored from