医学专业英语资料：PCR补充资料

1、cDNA library clone down streamgene expression ligase mutation molecular hybridization oncogene aseptic technique 无菌操作aseptic tissue culture 无菌组织培养autosomal dominant inheritance 常染色体显性遗传antisense oligodeoxynucleotide 反义寡（脱氧）核苷酸Plasmid polymerase primer probe semiconservative replication transfection

2、vector encode template signal peptidesouthern-blotting automatic sequencing agarose gel electrophoresisantibiotics resistance gene screening 抗生素抗性基因筛选GenomicsGenomics is the study of the genomes of organisms. . This scientific discipline is focused on sequencing the DNA in an organism to form a comp

3、lete picture, and then identifying specific genes in that sequence which could be of interest. proteomicsProteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions. Proteomics doesnt just study the proteins themselves, but also the way they interact, the changes tha

4、t they undergo, and the effects that they have within the organism. biochipA biochip is a collection of miniaturized test sites (microarrays) arranged on a solid substrate that permits many tests to be performed at the same time in order to achieve higher throughput and speed. Typically, a biochips

5、surface area is no larger than a fingernail. biochip can perform thousands of biological reactions, such as decoding genes, in a few seconds. bioinformatics Bioinformatics is the application of computer technology to the management of biological information. Computers are used to gather, store, anal

6、yze and integrate biological and genetic information which can then be applied to gene-based drug discovery and development. The science of Bioinformatics, which is the melding of molecular biology with computer science, is essential to the use of genomic information in understanding human diseases

7、and in the identification of new molecular targets for drug discovery. genomics dnomks 基因组学sequencing si:kwnsi 测序Proteomics 蛋白质组学large-scale 大规模，大范围Bioinformatics 生物信息学PCR技术又称聚合酶链反应（Polymerase Chain Reaction）技术，是一种在体外扩增核酸的技术。该技术模拟体内天然DNA的复制过程。其基本原理是在模板、引物、4种dNTP和耐热DNA聚合酶存在的条件下，特异扩增位于两段已知序列之间的DNA区段的酶

8、促合成反应。每一循环包括高温变性、低温退火、中温延伸三步反应。每一循环的产物作为下一个循环的模板，如此循环30次，介于两个引物之间的新生DNA片段理论上达到230拷贝（约为109个分子）。PCR技术的特异性取决于引物与模板结合的特异性。The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique in molecular biology to amplify particular DNA sequence in vitro.PCRRFLP restriction fragment length polymorphisms 限制性片段长度多态性分析实时荧光

9、定量PCR（real-time quantitative PCR）band带 chromosome染色体 abundance丰度 abzyme抗体酶 acceptor受体 promoter启动子base碱基 cancer suppressor gene抑癌基因 carboxypeptidase羧肽酶 data base数据库 defective mutant缺陷突变型 engineered vaccine (基因)工程疫苗messenger信使 fingerprint technique 指纹技术 flanking sequence侧翼序列 foreign DNA外源 DNA repair修复 genetic transformation遗传转化genome基因组 genotype基因型 allele等位基因 dimer二聚体 homologous 同源的 homozygote 纯合子 library文库 insertion 插入lac operon 乳糖操纵子macromolecule大分子，高分子malfunction功能失常 microprobe微探针 mismatching错配 modifier修饰剂 multigene family多基因家族 mutagenesis in vi