住宅电梯流量分析

1、Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark.基本原那么和迅达基准Introduction & Guidelines.相关介绍和指引Rule of Thumb.基本原那么A Methodic of best guess of the Elevator Configuration needed.对电梯配置进行有条理和最有效预估的要素Rule of Thumb. 基本原那么How to Design an Elevator for an Office Building?如何规划办公楼的电梯配置？ Defined Building Population ? 确定大楼人数？

2、Defined HC5 Requirement ? 确定5分钟运载能力要求？ Defined WT Requirement ? 确定候梯时间要求？ Define Number of Elevators 确定电梯数量 Define Car Speed 确定电梯速度 Define Car Load 确定电梯载重Rule of Thumb. 基本原那么Estimate Numbers of Elevators needed. 估算电梯数量 250 persons per elevator 每台电梯服务250人 4 - 5 floors per elevator 每台电梯服务4-5个楼层 24 flo

3、ors per elevator group 每个梯组服务24个楼层Office Building. 办公楼Define the Car Speed. 确定电梯速度HQ = Travel height (65m example beside)HQ = 提升高度假设左侧例子的提升高度为65米T = Travel time from main floor to top floor without taking time losses into account caused by acceleration and decelerationT = 从基站直驶到最高层站的时间，不考虑加减速等 额外时间R

4、ecommended Values for Travel Time行程时间推荐值- 20 sec for top requirement (example beside) 顶级标准为20秒假设左侧例子如是- 25 sec for medium requirement 中档标准为25秒 - 32 sec basic requirement 普通标准为32秒VKN = HQ / T = 65m / 20s = 3.25 m/sRule of Thumb. 基本原那么Summary. 综述Rule of Thumb. 基本原那么Relation WT / INT. WT和INT的关系Interpre

5、tation of Interval Waiting Time说明：间隔时间候梯时间The relation of interval INT and average waiting time WT has been examined for a number of different elevator groups. It has found out that the ratio WT/INT depends very much on the elevator group and on the arrival rate (as percentage of the maximum handlin

6、g capacity).经过对比不同梯组的电梯间隔时间和平均候梯时间，我们发现：WT/INT系数很大程度上取决于梯组配置和到达率与5分钟运载能力最大值相等For assessing an elevator groups maximum performance, the usual relation of “WT = 60 % x INT is not realistic. Better use “WT = 80 % x INT or even “WT = INT.要对电梯梯组的最大性能进行评估，惯常用的“WT=60%xINT公式并不能反映真实情况，建议使用“WT=80%xINT或“WT=INT

7、。Rule of Thumb. 基本原那么How to Define the Car Load GQ? 确定电梯载重P = Ar x INTP = Passengers per car (car loaded with 80%)P = 每个轿厢的乘客数量轿厢满载率80%Ar = Arrival rate = arriving persons per secondAr = 到达率 = 每秒内到达的人数INT = Interval considering waiting time WT = 80% of INT = rough estimationINT = 间隔时间按WT=80%xINT考虑 =

8、 粗略估算Arrival Rate Ar (example): 到达率Ar举例说明：Population = 800, handling capacity = 14 %, arriving persons = 112 persons / 5 min人数=800，运载能力=14%，到达人数112人/5分钟Ar= 0.3733 persons / sec. Ar人/秒Interval INT (example): 间隔时间INT举例说明：Required waiting time WT = 24 sec 候梯时间要求WT=24秒Interval = (WT/80)x100 = 30 sec间隔时间

9、 = (WT/80)x100 = 30秒Car Load 电梯载重P = Ar x INT = 0.3733 persons/sec x 30 sec. P = Ar x INT人/秒 x 30秒= 11.2 persons considering 80% car load人，80%轿厢满载率= 14.0 persons considering 100% car load人，100%轿厢满载率GQ 100% = 14 persons x 75 kg / person = 1050 kg = choose 1250KgTraffic Vision 3.0Overview 概览Given Inpu

10、t 假设值:Building with a Population of 800 大楼总人数800人Amount of floors above main Floor = 16 基站以上楼层数=16Travel Height around 65 m 提升高度大约为65米Required HC 5 = 14% 要求HC5=14%Required average WT around 24 sec 要求平均候梯时间WT约为24秒1.Estimated Number of Elevators 估算电梯数量Number of Elevators = 4 (800People / 200People per

11、 Elevator) and (Floor amount / 4floor serving per Elevator) = Higher value should be considered电梯数量=4800人/每台电梯服务200人，如同时使用另外一个公式楼层数/每台电梯服务4个楼层来计算电梯数量，应取两者的最大值。2.Estimated Speed 估算电梯速度Elevator Speed to reach top/medium level travel time between 20-25 secV = HQ/t=20sec = 65/20 = 3.25 m/s expected spee

12、d 3m/s如要满足顶级或中档要求，电梯的行程时间应在20-25秒之间V=HQ/t=20秒米/秒，预期电梯速度为3米/秒。3.Estimated Car load 估算电梯载重INT = (WT/80) x 100 = (24/80)x100 = 30 secAr = (Population/100)*HC5 / 300 = (800/100)*14/300 = 0.37333 Persons/secP = Ar * INT = 0.3733 * 30 = 11.2 Persons (80% car load) 100% carload would be around 14.0 Persons

13、) estimated car load (75 Kg/ person) = 1050 Kg would fit with a 1250 Kg Car Load DesignP=Ar人(轿厢满载率80%)，如按100%轿厢满载率，人数约为14人，按75公斤/人，那么电梯载重=1050公斤，向上取整得电梯载重1250公斤。Schindler Traffic Standards.迅达交通流量标准Defined Traffic Situations 确定交通状况Schindler Traffic Standards. 迅达交通流量标准Traffic Situations (Criteria). 交通

14、状况标准Schindler Traffic Standards. 迅达交通流量标准Star Rating (Criteria). 星级评定标准Defined Criteria 确定标准Schindler Traffic Standards. 迅达交通流量标准Guidelines. 指引Important Note:重点提示：As a Schindler guideline always follow the following rules.迅达指引总是遵循以下原那么：Look at the lowest rating of all analyses of a project. Then:查看项

15、目里所有的分析数据，找出最低值，然后：3 stars or more are o.k. and recommended.如果达到三星级或以上，该电梯配置可行并可推荐。2 stars: Such projects must be examined carefully (including a second opinion e.g. of a superior) and are only accepted for good reasons. You should be aware that such a project is marginal . elevator performance, and

16、 we might face critical questions or problems related to high waiting times etc.二星级：这类项目必须仔细核实如获取上级意见，如无充分理由将不予采纳。应当谨记这样的电梯配置其效能是相当低的，日后我们很可能会由于候梯时间等问题受到客户的质询。1 star or less: Such projects must be rejected by Schindler. The elevator performance is poor, and such installations may cause severe proble

17、ms and damage Schindlers reputation.一星级或以下：迅达必须拒绝承接这类项目。由于电梯的效能极差，在投入使用后会问题不断，直接影响迅达的声誉。Overview Report (Example)报告概览例子 ,以下图这个例子，该分析取得的星级是corresponding to the following performance values:对应的性能数值为：HC5 = 10.4 %, WT = 43.1 s (Project is not recommended!)Defined Reporting Standards 确定报告标准Schindler Traf

18、fic Standards. 迅达交通流量标准Star Rating for Office Buildings. 办公楼的星级STAR CriteriaInterpretation:STAR WordingComment* or lessUnsatisfactorySuch projects must be rejected by Schindler.*MarginalBelow recommended performance level; such projects must be examined carefully (including a second opinion e.g. of

19、a superior) and are only accepted for good reasons.*SatisfactoryLevel for standard office buildings.*GoodLevel for mid-to-higher requirements.*Very goodLevel for high requirements (such as international head quarters, premium sites). Schindler Traffic Standards. 迅达交通流量标准Star Rating for Hotel Buildin

20、gs. 酒店的星级STAR CriteriaInterpretation:STAR WordingComment* or lessUnsatisfactorySuch projects must be rejected by Schindler.*MarginalBelow recommended performance level; such projects must be examined carefully (including a second opinion e.g. of a superior) and are only accepted for good reasons.*Sa

21、tisfactoryLevel for up to approx. 3-star hotels.*GoodLevel for up to approx. 4-star hotels.*Very goodLevel for up to approx. 5-star hotels. Schindler Traffic Standards. 迅达交通流量标准Star Rating for Residential Buildings. 住宅楼的星级STAR CriteriaInterpretation:STAR WordingComment* or lessUnsatisfactorySuch pro

22、jects must be rejected by Schindler.*MarginalBelow recommended performance level; such projects must be examined carefully (including a second opinion e.g. of a superior) and are only accepted for good reasons.*SatisfactoryLevel for low-price segment.*GoodLevel for mid-price segment.*Very goodLevel

23、for high-price segment. Star Rating. 星级评定Explanation. 说明Schindler Star Rating DefinitionStar Rating Auto Setting. 自动选取星级Explanation on Office Building Up-peak.针对办公楼上行高峰模式的说明WTsecHC5%5202510153035401213141516113*4*5*3*4*5*4.75*4.75*Auto evaluation Points where the System finds the optimum of rating,

24、means where WT and HC5 have the same Star rating in our example 4.75*系统自动选取星级点，在该点WT和HC5的星级值是一样的，如本例子为4.75*PerformanceCurve SimulationIf we would choose manually the Values the system takes the lower one from HC5 or WT in our example on 13% HC5 it would be 3.5*如果我们要进行手动调整，系统会选取HC5或WT对应星级较小的数值，例如本例子H

25、C5为13%时对应的星级是3.5*3.5*Relation to CIBSE Guide D与CIBSE Guide D的关系CIBSE Guide D RecommendationsCIBSE Guide D的推荐值Recommendations for office buildings (single and multiple tenancy, standard and prestige), hotels, residential buildings, hospitals, schools.各类推荐值包括办公楼单租户和多租户，普通及高档，酒店，住宅，医院，学校。Recommendation

26、s expressed by arrival rate and interval.到达率和间隔时间的推荐值。Note: Traffic situations are not clearly stated.备注：对于交通状况并没有清晰的规定Details for office, hotels, residential: See next pages.对于办公楼，酒店，住宅的详细介绍：请参阅下页。CIBSE Guide DOverview 概述CIBSE Guide D Recommendations (from Table 3.1)Assumed Traffic Situation: Up-Pe

27、akOffice Buildings 办公楼Comparison 对比 Office Building HC5INT“WT=0.8xINT or =INT” Single tenant (standard)1215 %2530 s2030 sSingle tenant (prestige)1317 %2025 s1625 sMulti-tenant (standard)1114 %2530 s2030 sMulti-tenant (prestige)1215 %2025 s1625 s Schindler RatingTraffic Situation: Up-PeakOffice Building HC5 WTAny tenancy (* = satisfactory)1214 % 2030 sAny tenancy (* = good)1416 % 1520 s Notes:备注：Schindler recommendations are close to CIBSE Gui