词类、时态、句法

1、英语词性n = 名词，noun的缩写u.n = 不可数名词，uncountable nounc.n = ，countable nounv = 动词， verbvi = ，intransitive verbvt = transitive verbaux.v = conj = 连接词 ，conjunctionadj. = 形容词，adjectiveadv.= 副词，adverbart. = 冠词，articleprep = 介词；prepositionpron = 代名词，pronounnum = 数词，numeralint. = interjection1英语的十六种时态2英语的十六种时态3英语

2、的十六种时态I work.I worked.I will work.I would work.4英语的十六种时态I work.I worked.I shall work.I should work.I am working.I was working.I will be working.I would be working.5英语的十六种时态I work.I worked.I shall work.I should work.I am working.I was working.I shall be working.I should be working.I have worked.I had

3、 worked.I will have worked.I would have worked.6英语的十六种时态I work.I worked.I shall work.I should work.I am working.I was working.I shall be working.I should be working.I have worked.I had worked.I shall have worked.I should have worked.I have been working.I had been working.I will have been working.I w

4、ould have been working.7英语的十六种时态I work.I worked.I shall work.I should work.I am working.I was working.I shall be working.I should be working.I have worked.I had worked.I shall have worked.I should have worked.I have been working.I had been working.I shall have been working.I should have been working

5、.8句子种类9 按照说话的目的，可以分为四类： 1）陈述句 She may be right. 2) 疑问句 Where are you from? 3) 祈使句 Give me the book, please. 4) 感叹句 What a nice view from the window! How silly you are!10陈述句肯定陈述句否定陈述句I am a student.I am not a student.11疑问句1.一般疑问句(Yes-no Question)2.特殊疑问句(Wh- Question)3.选择疑问句(Alternative Question)4.反义疑

6、问句(Tag Question)12一般疑问句Vs特殊疑问句1.一般疑问句(是非问句,用yes,no回答)Is there anything wrong with your watch?Has my watch been mended yet?Would you like a cup of coffee?Havent you finished your homework yet?-Yes,I have. / No, I have not.Isnt it a beautiful lake?Isnt your sister a clever girl?还可以表示对美好事物的感叹132.特殊疑问句(

7、wh-问句)通常以who,whose,what,which,where, when,why, how等词开头正常语序:Who phoned last night? Whose lighter fell on the floor? What happened last night?倒状语序:Who(m) are you talking with? What does your brother do? Where is he living? When did he leave?143.选择疑问句1)以一般疑问句为基础Are you going to elect Henry or Richard?S

8、hall I give you a hand,or can you manage?Would you rather wait or come late?2)以特殊疑问句为基础Which do you like better,tea or coffee?How shall we go there?By bus or by train?154. 反意疑问句That clock is slow, isnt it?反意疑问句要注意的几点：1）有否定词的句子，反意问句要用肯定。John has never been on time, ?has John B. hasnt John C. has he D

9、. hasnt he Few of them know that secret, do they? He seldom does morning exercise, does he? No, never, no one, none, nothing, few, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, neither.162) 祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分通常用will you. Give me some advice, will (wont) you?用will you 可以使祈使句的语气变的缓和，更象一种请求。用wont you 常用来提醒某人E.g. Go ho

10、me now, wont you?否定句中只能用will you Dont spit in public places, will you?3) lets 和 let us Lets go swimming, shall we? Let us go swimming, will you?174)当主语是 everyone,everybody,someone,no one,nobody,somebody 等结合词时,附加问句的主语用he 或they. Nobody wants to go there,does he? None of the boys can do it,can he? No o

11、ne is interested in this, are they? 185)当主语是 everything, something, anything, nothing 等表示物的不定代词时,附加问句的主语 用it eg. Nothing in the world is easy, is it? 6)陈述部分是 Im 结构的话,附加疑问句一般用arent I Im late, arent I ?197) 陈述句的动词是表示愿望的wish时，后面的 疑问部分用 may eg. I wish to go to the party, may I ?8) 如果陈述句是一个主从复合句，那么疑问部分 的

12、谓语应该和主句的谓语动词保持一致； （注意：如果主句是I think, I hope, I suppose, I believe 时， 疑问部分的谓语应和从句保持一致） Its the third time he has been late, isnt it ? I dont think you are a student, are you?201. They should have finished it already, ? A. didnt they B. should not they C. shouldnt they D. havent they2. Everyone hopes t

13、o get promoted, ? A. does he B. doesnt he C. dont they D. wont they3. No one is interested in that, _?Everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody, nobody, no one,4. Youd like (rather) some coffee, ?A. hadnt you B. would you C. wouldnt you D. had youcBis heC21祈使句感叹句 Please sit down. No smoking.Look out! The

14、re is a bus.Dont be nervous!What a beautiful girl she is !How beautiful she is ! Wonderful !22Practice(2): Make sentences a computer/use/every dayA computer is used every day.23 the bridge/build/last yearThe bridge was built last year.24these big buildings/build/next yearThese big buildings will be

15、built next year.25the thief/catch/the policemen/at this time yesterdayThe thief was being caught by the policemen at this time yesterday.26Summary II被动语态的基本构成： be + p.p一般现在时(do, does) is/am/are done一般过去时(did) was/were done一般将来时(will do) will be done现在进行时(is/am/are doing) is/am/are being done过去进行时(was/were doing) was/were being done现在完成时(have/has done) have/has been done带情态动词(can/must/may do) can/must/may be done27The fish has been eaten by the cat.The fish will be eaten by the cat.28 the tree/cutThe tree is being cut by the man.29 shenzhe