




下载本文档
版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
1、Function Fittings by Regressions and Application in Analyzing Urban and Regional Density Patterns(Chapter 6, Project 6)OutlineTheories for Urban & Regional Density PatternsEmpirical Models for Monocentric ModelsStudy on BeijingFunction Fittings for Polycentric ModelsStudy on ShenyangCase Study 6: An
2、alyzing Urban Density Patterns in Chicago RegionTheory I: Urban Economic ModelClarks (1951) observation of urban density patternAlonsos (1967) urban land use theory The monocentric model by Mills (1972) & Muth (1969)Max U = U(h,x), s.t. y = phh+pxx+tr(1/ph) ph/r = -t ph=p0e-trFrom land price to popu
3、lation densityBasic concept tradeoff of commute cost vs. living spaceLand Price (ph)rCBDLand Consumption (h)rCBDrCBDPopulation Density (D)Theory II: Gravity-Based Models for Urban DensityWang and Guldmann (1996)Population at a location is proportional to its potential (location advantage)xi = j (xjd
4、ij-b) for all i=1,2, Higher population density near CBD is due to better accessibility shaped by transportation network (e.g., Chicago)Also see the Garin-Lowry Model in Wang (1998)Road Network(Highway) inChicagoRegion Theories for Regional StructureVon Thnens (1826) rural land use theorySpatial equi
5、librium model by Wang and Guldmann (1997)City produces industrial goodsRural area produces agricultural goodsBoth are sold in the cityWage, population density (labor input) & land price vary in distance from the cityUtility is equalized everywhereWage rateDevelopedDevelopingLand rentAgricultural yie
6、ldPopulation densityEmpirical Models (Monocentric)Linear: D = a-brNegative exponential: D = D0e-brlnD = a-brlogarithmic : D = a-b(lnr) Power (log-linear): D = D0r-blnD = a-b(lnr)All are bivariateExtensions to Monocentric:CBD CraterSuburban Bumps2. Newlings model:lnD = a+br-cr23. Cubic Spline Functio
7、n:D = a+b(x-x0)+c(x-x0)2 +d0(x-x0)3+ di(x-xi)3Zi*1. Tanner-Sherratt model: lnD = a-br2 Linear Regressions (Monocentric)ModelsFunction used in regressionOriginal functionX var(s)Y varRestrictionsLinearDr = a+brSamerDrnoneLogarithmic Dr = a+blnrSamelnrDrr0Power lnDr = A+blnr Dr = arblnrlnDrr0 & Dr0Exp
8、onential lnDr = A+brDr = aebrrlnDrDr0Tanner-SherrattlnDr = A+br2r2lnDrDr0NewlingslnDr = A+b1r+b2r2r , r2lnDrDr0Two Statistical IssuesNon-randomness of sampling (more high-density small tracts)Weighted regression Non-linear regression vs. linearized log-transformationD = D0e-br weights all equal abso
9、lute errors equally lnD = a-br weights equal percentage errors equally Both use non-linear regressions in SAS or SPSSBeijing 1982 Density vs. DistanceRegional growth patternsBeijing 1990 Density vs. DistanceRegressions in Beijing (non-weighted)FunctionForms19821990abR2abR2D=a-br37238-22450.48434444-
10、19440.523D=D0e-br70949-0.2290.67153938-0.1680.649D=a-blnr55448-195900.63949529-164150.634D=D0r-b85385-0.8880.63467071-0.7280.593Regressions in Beijing (weighted)Function Forms19821990ababD=a-br22373-121522984-1217D=D0e-br69907-0.26256772-0.212D=a-blnr42883-1501642011-14368D=D0r-b98108-1.17782066-1.0
11、351982-90 Population Change %General Trend: Suburbanization19821990Density (D)Distance (r)Polycentric Models(a) Substitutable influences from centers only the nearest center matters(b) Complementary influences from centers access to all centers is necessary(c) Between (a) & (b)(d) Access to CBD and
12、the nearest subcenter is valued (central-place theory)(a)(b)(d)(c)CBDCBDCBDCBDEmpirical Models (Polycentric)(a) D = D0e-br within each subarea(b) lnD = a+b1r1+b2r2+(c) D = a1exp( b1r1)+ a2exp( b2r2)+(d) lnD = a+ b1rCBD+b2rsubcPolycentric Assumptions and Corresponding Functions LabelAssumptionModel (
13、exponential as an example)X variablesSample Estimation method(A)Only access to the nearest center is neededDistances ri from the nearest center i (1 variable)Areas in a subregion iLinear regression1(B)Access to all centers is necessary (multiplicative effects)Distances from each center (n variables
14、ri)All areasLinear regression(C)Access to all centers is necessary (additive effects)Distances from each center (n variables ri)All areasNonlinear regression(D)Access to CBD and the nearest center is neededDistances from the major and nearest center (2 variables)All areasLinear regression2Polycentri
15、c Structure in ShenyangWang and Meng (1999), based on 1982 & 1990 Population Census DataPoor fitting power of monocentric modelsR2=0.258, 0.140 for negative exponential in 1982 and 1990 respectively Shenyang 1982 Density ContourShenyang 1990 Density ContourRegression (Shenyang): D = aiexp( biri)Mult
16、i-Centers1982 (R2=0.721)1990 (R2=0.678)aibiaibiA27232*(3.54)-0.8749*(-1.96)13553(1.68)-0.1287(-1.75)B54894*(10.11)-0.4236*(-5.54)51421*(9.66)-0.4069*(-4.85)C35944*(4.54)-0.7593*(-2.92)23374*(3.47)-0.5774(-1.70)D25412*(3.11)-0.7156*(-1.97)30245*(3.31)-1.1622*(-2.15)E42758*(6.95)-0.4225*(-3.74)44006*(
17、6.00)-0.6082*(-3.64)Case Study 6 (Part 1): Monocentric Density Functions in Chicago (Tracts)extracting study area and CBD location population density surface modelingcomputing distances between tract centroids and CBD in ArcGISusing the regression tool in Excel to run simple linear regressionsusing
18、the trendline tool in Excel for generating graphs and function fittings nonlinear and weighted regressions in SAS Case Study 6 (Part 2): Polycentric Density Functions in Chicago (Tracts)Computing distances between tract centroids and their nearest centers in ArcGIS test the polycentric assumptions (A) and (D) Computing distances between tract centroids and each center in ArcGIS test the polycentric assumptions (B) and (C). Fitting polycentric functions in SAS Defining job centers by GIS surface modelingSpatial approach to commuting: Job-housing balance ratio ap
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 安全防火培训课件
- 茶叶加工培训课件图片
- 市场定位与发展趋势预测
- 2024年安徽省合肥市第四十六中学九上化学期末达标检测模拟试题含解析
- 2024-2025学年江苏省无锡市梁溪区化学九上期末预测试题含解析
- 河道保洁整治管理办法
- 油茶种植基地管理办法
- 泉州冬季果园管理办法
- 法院律师平台管理办法
- 注册咨询登记管理办法
- 2025至2030中国汽车散热器行业市场发展分析及商业模式与投融资发展报告
- GB/T 45698-2025物业服务客户满意度测评
- 统编版语文二下园地三+单元复习课 课件
- 2025年轻人情绪消费趋势报告-抖音商城xsocialbeta-202506
- 培训中心项目管理制度
- 承包企业食堂管理制度
- 智能合约的自适应优化与动态执行研究-洞察阐释
- 高中教科研课题:《新课程背景下高中语文情境教学改革研究》课题工作汇报
- 本土品牌“品牌年轻化”策略研究
- 2025年宁波市奉化区红果文体产业运营管理有限公司招聘笔试参考题库含答案解析
- 湖南省永州市宁远县2025届七年级数学第二学期期末达标检测试题含解析
评论
0/150
提交评论