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1、人教版新课标必修第二册知识点总结Unit 1 Cultural heritage一、重点单词以及其词性转换preserve-(n.) preservation 保存;维护;防腐-(adj.) preservative 保存的;有保存力的;防 腐的proposal(v.) propose 建议;提议;求婚establish-(n.) establishment 建立;成立investigate(n.)investigation 调查;研究;审查-(n.) investigator 调查者;研究者;审查者promote(n.) promotionhistoric (adj.历史上著名(或重要)的)

2、一 history (n.历史)conduct (n.行为;举止;管理方法vt.组织;安排;带着)一 conductor (n.(公车)售票员洌车员;(乐 队)指挥)limit(adj.) limited 限制一有限的identify(n.) identity 一致;身份;特征一(adj.) identical 同一的;相同的create(adj.)creative(adv.) creatively(n.) creation 创造;仓作一(n.) creativity 创造力apply-(n.) application 申请;运用-applier 申请人;填充器balance-(adj.) b

3、alanced 平衡的-常用词块:balanced diet 平衡饮食likely-(反义词)unlikely可能的一不可能的forgive-(n.) forgiveness 原谅prevent(n.)prevention 阻止lose-(n.) loss丧失;损失-(n.) loser失败者;遗失着contribute-(n.) contribution 贡献;捐献;投稿-contributor 贡献者;捐献者;投稿者donate(n.) donation-捐款;捐赠appear-(opposite word) disappear-(n.) disappearance-(opposite w

4、ord) appearance,professional-(n.) profession 专业的-专业entrance (n.入口;进入)一 enter (vi.&vt.进入)tradition(adj.) traditional 传统一传统的comparison(v.) compare 比照一比拟fund基金;专款Unit 4 History and Traditions十三、重点单词以及其词性转换individual(n.)individuality;个人特征;个人的嗜好puzzle (n.谜凝问vt.迷惑;使困惑)一 puzzling (adj.令人迷惑的)一puzzle/ adj.(人

5、感到)困 惑的)Philosophy 哲学一(adj.) philosophical / philosophic 哲学的-(n.) philosopher 哲学家defend (v.保护;保卫)-defence (n.防御;保卫)一defensive (adj.防御性的)fascinate-(adj.) fascinating迷人的;吸引人的一(adj.)fascinated着迷的;被深深吸引的surround (vt.围绕;包围)一surrounding (adj.周围的;附近的)surroundings (n. (pl.)周围的事 物;环境)evident (adj.明显的)一eviden

6、ce (n.证据;证明)achieve (vt.取得;完成;到达)achievement (n.成就;成绩;到达)locate(V.找出的位置)located (adj.位于;坐落在)一location (n.地方;地点;位置)announce-(n.) announcement 宣布; 通矢口; 声称-(n.) announcer 广播员; 宣告者generous (adj.慷慨的;大方的)一generously (adv,慷慨地;大方地)-(n.) generosity 慷慨,大 方greet (vt.问候;迎接)一greeting (n.问候;招呼)poet-(n.) poem诗;诗歌(

7、可数)-(n.) poetry (总称)诗歌(不可数)crowd (n.人群;民众vt.挤满;使拥挤)一crowded(adj.拥挤的;挤满的)eager-(n.) eagerness急切的,迫切的急切,迫切individual单独的;个别的currency通货;货币military军事的;军用的approach方法;途径;接近;靠近ensure保证;确保;担保feast盛宴;宴会;节日striking引人注目的;显著的transition 过渡;转变十四、重点短语keep your eyes open (for)留心、; 留意jointo把和.连接/联结起来break away (from

8、sb/sth)脱离;背叛;逃脱belong to 属于as well as同(一样也);和;还achieve ones dream/goal 实现梦想/目标be eager to do./ be eager for.渴望in defence (of)/in ones defence 保护;为了保卫;(为)辩护;defend.from/against.保护.免受;保卫抵御be surrounded by/with被.包围/于不绕charge sb. (money) for sth.因某事要某人收费free of charge/for free/for nothing 免费charge sb. w

9、ith (doing) sth./accuse sb. of (doing)sth.因某事控告/谴责某人take charge of/be in charge of 主管;掌管announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布a large/great/good/small amount of Un.大量的/少量的(谓语单数) (large/small) amounts of Un.大量的/少量的(谓语复数) the amount of Un.的总数(谓语单数)an approach to (doing) sth=a way to do sth/of doing sth.with the a

10、pproach of.=with.approach=as.approaches/approached 随着的临近be located at/in 位于be generous to sb对某人大方对某人很大方be crowded with 挤满 了装满了十五、长难句分析The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.that引导的定语从句后天,dating现在分词定语,

11、修饰history.They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.此句中,用known as过去分词作定语,修饰前面的the same flag.十六、语法知识点过去分词的用法过去分词作定语:过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系,表示该 动作的被动或完成。You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts.His firs

12、t book published last month is based on a true story.过去分词作宾补:过去分词作宾补的两大特征:一是及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语 有动宾关系;二是不及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有主谓关系,多用来表示动作已完成。 可接过去分词作宾补的动词有:have, see, hear, find, leave, want, make等。Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.I was surprised to find my hometown changed so mu

13、ch.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时,与句子主语之间是被动关系。Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.(被动关系)过去分词作表语时,通常为分词化的形容词,通常修饰指人的名词或代词。excited/ disappointed/ embarrassed.Unit 5 Music十七、重点单词以及其词性转换energy (n.能量;精力)energetic (adj.充满活力的;精力充分的)perform-(n.) performer 表演者; 演员-(n.) performance 表演; 演技; 表现able-

14、(v.) enable 使能够;使可能-(n.) ability-(反义词)disability 残疾original (n.原件adj.原来的;独创的)originally( adv.原来;起初)origin (n.起源;源头;身 世)phenomenon(pl.) phenomena 现象gradual (adj .逐渐的;渐进的)gradually (adv.逐渐地;逐步地)capable (adj.有能力的;有才能的)一capability (n.能力;才能)一incapable (adj.没有能力的)relief (n.减轻或消除;(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱)relieve (v

15、t.使减轻;缓解)employ (vt.雇用;使用 n.雇用;职业)一 employment(n.就业;雇佣)一employer(n.雇主)一 employee(n.雇员)一employed(adj.被雇佣的)一(反义词)unemployed(adj.失业的彳寺业 的)一 unemployments.失业)aim-(adj.) aimless没有目标的;无目的的-(adv.)aimlessly漫无目的地,无目标地person-(adj.) personal -(adv.) personally 个人-私人的-个人地,私自地assume (vt.假定;设想;认为)一assuming (conj.

16、假设)一assumption(n.设想;假定;担任)add (v.增加)一addition (n.添力口;加法;增加物)一additional (adj.附加的;额外的)repeat-(n.) repetition-(adj.) repeated 反复的;屡次的(adj.) repetitive 重复的satisfy (v.使满意)-satisfaction (n.满足;满意;欣慰)一satisfled(adj.感到满意的)satisfying (adj.令人满意的)16. various (adj.各种各样的)一variety(n.多样化;种类)talent(n.天才;天赋=gift)一ta

17、lented (adj.有才能的;有才干的)composer作曲家;作曲者previous先前的;以往的reaction反响; 回应lean依靠;倾斜classical古典的;经典的opportunity 机会;时机stage开展或进展的)时期;阶段;舞台altogether用以强调)全部;总共thus如此;因此cure治愈;治好(疾病);解决(问题);药物;治疗十八、重点短语have an impact on/upon对有影响be equipped with配备有;装有;装备有-be capable of 能够be satisfied with 对满意a variety of各种各样的hav

18、e the opportunity to do sth.有机会做某事in relief如释重负to ones relief:令人感到欣慰的是set sth. up安装好(设备或机器)get through (设法)处理;完成; 接通to ones satisfaction,让某人感到满意的是in reaction to sth.对的反响a cure for sth的治愈方法;解决的措施in addition (to sb/sth)除以外(还)from (then) on 从 (那)时起fall in love with 爱上 喜欢上be absorbed in被吸引住;专心致志try out参

19、加选拔(或试演)十九、长难句分析Imagine having the opportunity to sing together with hundreds of other people while you are at home alone.划线局部为doing动名词作宾语,表主动At the same time, we all go through various periods when we feel sad or alone. During those times, music can help you in the same way that it helped me.此句的划线局

20、部是由that引导的定语从句,领先行词是way(方式;方法)的时候,引导定语 从句的连接词是that/in which/省略I dont like the way she dresses herself.Moved by this music, he said, It was like seeing color for the first此句划线局部为过去分词做状语,表被动二十、语法知识点分词的用法1,过去分词做表语作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词,在主-系-表句型中,总是在连系动词之后,说明 主语所处的一种状态。注意:少数不及物动词(如go, come, set)的过去分词也能作表语,但它们

21、不表示被动意义, 只是表示动作已完成The man seemed a little surprised when he heard the price.The glass was broken by Tom.2.过去分词做作状语过去分词用作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随等,多数情况下相当于一个 省略了连词、主语和动词be的状语从句(例句1)。其逻辑主语一般和句子的主语一致,在 大多数情况下有被动的含义。它多放在句首,有时也可放在句后或句中。done发生为谓语动词之前或者与谓语同时进行having been done发生为谓语动词之后When told of the news, s

22、he got very excited.Having been fired by the company, he lost his direction for the future.issue重要议题;争论的问题;宣布;公布document文件;公文(计算机)文档download 下载parade游行;检阅digital数码的;数字显示的contrast比照;对照process过程;进程;步骤二、重点短语give way to让步;屈服make a proposal 提出建议keep balance 保持平衡turn to向求助prevent. from .,阻止; 不准attempt to

23、do企图;试图;尝试all over the world 在世界各地be likely to do sth 可能做某事lead to 导致donate. to ,.向捐赠Its worthwhile doing /to do sth.值得做某事make sure确保;设法保证be proud of 以而自豪be familiar with 对熟悉limit.to.把限制在内三、长难句分析There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything f

24、rom our past as we move towards the future.新旧更替的时代已经到来,在走向未来的过程中,我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。此句中是由when引导定语从句,先行词为a time,表时间后面的定语从句不缺主语宾语表 语,因此就是关系副词when.如果先行词表地点,后面定从缺状语,就用关系副词where,如 果先行词表元音,后面定从缺状语,就用关系副词why.This is the reason why he overslept.There was once a factory where villagers made shoes .Not only hvd

25、 the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.此句中是由not only引导的局部倒装。四、语法知识点倒装(一)局部倒装表否认或半否认意义的副词或者介词短语位于句首OMy+副词/介词短语/状语从句位于句首so/suchthat. .位于句首的倒装;so +助动词

26、/系动词/情态动词+主语,表示肯定情况的延续,即:第二句中的主语和第 一句的主语一样都虚拟语气中的倒装句,If虚拟句中,含有had/were/should时,if可以省去,将 had/were/should 提至句首。Little did he say in the meeting.Hardly had he arrived at school when his friend called him back.So fast does the man run that we cant catch up him.Had I obeyed the traffic rules before, 1 wo

27、uldnt had been fined.He got the first prize, so did Lily.(二)全部倒装 完全倒装:整个谓语局部移至主语前面叫完全倒装。条件:当表地点或方位等副词/介词短语置于句首的时候,为了起到强调的作用,主语和谓 语局部位置全部调换。注意:这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时,且动词一般为不及物动词。Here stands a tall pine tree.At the meeting place of Jianlingjiang River and Yangtze River lies Chongqing.Unit 2 Wildlife Pr

28、otection五、重点单词以及其词性转换legal-(反义词)iHegal-(adv.) illegally合法的-不合法的,违法的一违规地hunt(n.) hunter寻找,捕杀猎人immediate(adv.) immediately立亥Uextinct(n.) extinction 灭绝的-灭绝endanger-(adj.) endangered 使遭受危害一濒临灭绝的prince (n.) 一 princess (n.)王子; 亲王公主observe(n.) observer 观察者;观测者-(n.) observation 观察;监视;aware (adj.) awareness

29、(n.)知道的;有意识的一意识threat-.) threaten 威胁;恐吓;胁迫harmony(adj.) harmonious和谐的,和睦的;协调的;悦耳的remove(adj.) removable可移动的;可去掉的;可免职的adapt (v.适应) adaptation (n.适应)adaptable (adj.有适应能力的)exist(n.) existence存在-存在recover (v.) 一 recovery (n.)恢复reduce-(n.) reduction 减少;锐减concern(adj.) concerned 关心,担忧一关心的,担忧的press-(n.) pr

30、essure 按压一压力beauty (n.美丽;美貌)-beautiful (adj.美丽的)一beautify (v.美化;使美丽)intend (v.打算;计戈tl) -intended (adj.故意的;打算的)intention (n.意图)effect-(v.) affect -(adj.) effective-(adv.) effectively 效果-影响一有效的一有效地emotion(adj.) emotional (adv.) emotionally 情绪一有情绪的,有情感的usual-(反义词)unusual(adv.) usually/unusually寻常的,平常的一

31、不寻常的alarm (vt使惊恐;n.警报)一 alarming (adj.令人惊恐的)alarmed (adj.感到恐慌的)species 物种rate速度;(比)率;划分等级habitat生活环境;栖息地authority官方;当权;权威profit利润;利益attack攻击;袭击stir激发;搅动六、重点短语remind sb. of sth 使某人想起remind sb to do sht.提醒某人做某事be concerned about对关心/牵挂/顾虑under pressure在压力下;承受压力stir up 激起on earth究竟;到底die out灭亡;渐渐消失be aw

32、are of意识到;知道on average 平均make progress 取得进步make out看清;听清adapt (oneself) to.适应stand fbr代表, 表示on the plain 在平原上observe sb doing sth注意到某人正在做make profits/make a prog 谋利intend to do sth/doing sth 打算做.watch over保护;照管;监督day and night日日夜夜;夜以继日due to因为;由于search for 搜索;查找七、长难句分析Only when we learn to exist in

33、harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet,只有学会和大自然和谐共处,我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。此句中运用的句型为。nly+状语从句引起的句子局部倒装。The government, however,does not intend to stop the protection programme , since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.然而,政府并没有打算停止这些保护工程,因为对

34、 藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。此处的划线局部since引导的原因状语从句,since表“自从”,后面句子跟一般过去时,引导 时间状语从句。八、语法知识点1.现在进行时的被动语态:表示现在或者现阶段,动作正在做,且主语和谓语动词之间存在 一种被动关系,具体形式如下:主动被动am/is/are doingam/is/are being doneA new gym is being built in our city at present and itll be accessible to the public when it is completed next February. The man who

35、 is being interviewed there is our headmaster.2. doing作宾补:一般表示某个人/物正在做某事,被动形式为being done, see/hear/notice/ watch sb/sth doing看见/听见/注意到/注视正在做某事I noticed a student sweeping the floor in our classroom.He saw a thief being caught on the street.Unit 3 The Internet九、重点单词以及其词性转换.convenient(n.) convenience

36、方便的,便利的-便利. identity-(v.) identify 确定;鉴定;识别-(adj.) identical 同一的;完全相同的.benefit(adj.) beneficial有益处,好处-有好处的,有益的.distance(adj.) distant遥远的;不友好的;冷淡的. privacy(adj.) private隐私私密的,隐私的. inspire-(n.) inspiration 灵感;鼓舞一(adj.) inspired 受鼓舞的;受启发的-(adj.) inspiring鼓舞人心的;启发灵感的confirm-(adj.) confirmed坚定的;根深蒂固的;确认的

37、embarrass(adj.) embarrassed 感到尴尬的;难为情的theft-(n.) thief偷盗行为一小偷rude (adj.粗鲁的)一 rudely (adv.粗鲁地)一rudeness(n.粗鲁).define (vt.给下定义;界定;解释)一deflnitely(adv.明确地,肯定地)一definition(n.定义;清晰)access (n.通道;机会vt.进入;使用;获取)-accessible (adj.易接近的;可进入的)update更新;向提供最新消息charity慈善、慈善机构conference会议;研讨会;正式会谈function功能;作用;机能disc

38、ount折扣;打折account账户;描述十、重点短语now that既然;由于in shape状况良好keep track of掌握的最新消息;了解的动态ke叩sb. company陪伴某人go through经历;度过;通读make fun of取笑;戏弄benefit from. .从.受益have/get access to有权/机会使用.be upset about为某事烦恼in case以防;免得;以防万一in no case 绝不keep (.) in mind 牢记It is convenient for sb to do sth 做某事很方便at ones convenience 在某人方便时be familiar with.对熟悉be particular about对很挑剔/讲究chat with/to 与闲聊be embarrassed to do sth.窘迫地做某事to ones embarrassment令某人尴尬的是十一、长难句分析She realized that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability to remove the distance that us

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