初中英语句子成分及练习

1、学习必备 欢迎下载 英语中句子成分 一 ,英语句子的成分及简洁句的五种基本句式 ； 英语句子与汉语句子一样, 都是由单词依据确定的规章所组成的； 不同的词 类在句中所起的作用是不同的； 因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分, 才能正确分析, 懂得句子的含义, 并能精确地遣词造句, 逐步流利地说出地道的 英语； 【问】什么是句子成分？英语句子包含哪些成分？ 【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分；它包括：主语,谓语,宾语,定语, 状语,表语和宾语补足语等； 【问】各成分在句中的作用如何？分别由哪些词及短语充当？ 1. 主语： 是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词,代词,数词, 不

2、定式或动名词等充当；如： The car isrunning fast. / The girlcansingmanyEnglishsongs名 . 词 We are students. / This is my pen . Yoursison the des 代 k.词 One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two andthreeis five数. 词 The blindneedmorehelp.名 词化的形容词 It s badmanners to spit inpubl 不 ic.定 式 Eating too muchisbad for you

3、rhealth.动 名词 【留意】 如不定式短语作主语常用 it 作形式主语, 而把真正的主语 不定式短 语放在句后； 2. 谓语： 说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当；动 词分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词；实义动词单独作谓语,连系动 词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略 动词原形共同构成谓语部分；如： to 的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与 由单一动词作谓语： We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary. 情态动词加主要动词： We can play the piano. / You must

4、see the doctor. 助动词加主要动词构成谓语： She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this 第 1 页,共 9 页学习必备 欢迎下载 man before. 【留意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照管； 3. 表语： 用于说明主语的身份,特点或感受,一般由名词,数词,形容词,分 词等充当；常用的连系动词有： be,look,get,sound听起来 ,feel,become, smell, turn, taste尝起来 等；如： They are workers.名词 Two and three is five.数词 The

5、 story is very interesting.形容词 M y job 工作is teaching English.动名词 Sheis at home.介 词短语 I feel terrible. 形容词 The dish tastes delicious.形 容词 He is here 副词 It s getting dark. / He got very angry. / The hillhasturnedgree形n 容 词 4. 宾语： 是及物动词所涉及的对象,是动作的对象或承担者；一般由名词,代 词,不定式及动名词等充当；如： Heisdoinghishomework. / I

6、 sawaplanein the sky just now.名 词 They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.代词 I want three./ Pleasepassme the first.数 词 Shewants to gohome.不 定式 We enjoy playing football.动名词 【留意】 有的动词可接双宾语, 间接宾语指人, 直接宾语指物； 这类动词常见的有： give,buy,lend, pass, tell,leave 等；如： He bought me a book. Pass me t

7、he ba,llwillyou？间宾直宾 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但如把直接宾语放在前面,就要在间接宾 第 2 页,共 9 页学习必备 欢迎下载 语前加适当的介词如 to 或 for 等；如： Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.直宾间宾 Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom. 直宾间宾 【结构】 动词 +间接宾语（人） +直接宾语（物） He lent me a book. / He bought me a pen. / I have taught myself English for ten years. 动词 +

8、直接宾语（物） +（to, for）+间接宾语（人） He gave his son some advice. = He gave some advice to his son. Father bought me a computer. = Father bought a computer for me. 有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词；这类动词有： want,wish, hope,promise, decide,agree, choose, care 等；如： I hope to see you again. 有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语, 而不用不定式；这类动词有：enjoy,f

9、inish , mind,practice, miss, sugges,t keepon等；如： Do you mind my opening the window？ 有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同； aforget to do表示 “未发生的动作 ”, forget doing表示 “已完成的动作 ”；如： Dont forget to comehereearliertomorrow.仍 没来 I forgot returning the book to him.书已仍给他了 bstop to do不定式为状语 表示 “停下原先的事,去做另一件事”,stop doing表示 “停止做某事

10、 ”；如： I stopped to talk with him. 我停下来与他谈话； The students stopped talkingwhen the teachercamein老.师进来时同学们停止谈话； 【留意】英语中带有宾语的谓语动词叫及物动词, 不带宾语的叫不及物动词； 第 3 页,共 9 页学习必备 欢迎下载 及物动词后必需跟上宾语意义才完整,不及物动词本身意义已完整,后面不 跟宾语； You may use my pen. / Do you like fish. 及物 Dickswims very well. / The sunrisesin the east. 不 及物

11、 不及物动词可加介词再加宾语 We are listening to the music. They are talking to each other. 既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词的词： We are growing tomatoes. / Tomatoes grow well in our garden. They left Shanghai yesterday. / They left yesterday. My mother teaches in this school. / She teaches English. We are studying. / We study En

12、glish. We began our lesson at nine. / The lecture began at nine. 5. 定语： 用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词,名词,数词,不定式等充当； 如： What abeautiful kite it is！/ They haveacleverson.形 容词 Sheisa chemistry teacher. / It isacolorfilm.名 词 Thereare two students in the classroom 数 . 词 This songis better than that one.代 词 Doyouknow

13、the youngmanoverthere.副 词 We havesomething to dotomorrow.不 定式 The man in blue is my brother.介词短语 【留意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但如修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作 定语,就放在后面； 6. 状语： 用于修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句,一般由副词,介词短语,不定 式短语或从句充当； 单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前, 短语或从句放在句 首或句末；如： 第 4 页,共 9 页学习必备 欢迎下载 Thank you very much.副词表示程度 The old man is walking slow

14、ly. 副词表示方式 Heusually gets up at six.副 词表示时间 We all work here. 副词表示地点 I get up at five in the morning.介词短语表示时间 Heisstudyinghardsoas to catch upwithothers不 . 定式短语 We werehaving breakfast when the telephonerang从. 句 【留意】 enough 作状语只能放在被修饰词之后；如： He is old enough to go to school. 7. 宾语补足语： 用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位

15、于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补 足语一起构成复合宾语；需接复合宾语的动词有： tell,let, help,teach, ask, see,have,order,make 等； “宾补 ”一般由不定式短语,分词,名词,形容词等充当；如： We elected him monitor. / 名词 I found it difficult to learn English well. / The sun keeps us warm./ We find the story very interesting. 形容词 I found her in the room.介词短语 Please let him i

16、n. / I saw him out with Xiao Li. 副词 The doctor toldme to domoreexercise.不 定式短语 Heisgoing to havehishair cut.过 去分词 They saw a bird flying in the sky.现在分词 二, 句子结构 简洁句的五个基本句型： 1,主语 不及物动词 She came/ My head aches. 2,主语 及物动词 宾语 She likes English. 3,主语 系动词 表语 She is happy 第 5 页,共 9 页学习必备 欢迎下载 4,主语 双宾动词 间接宾

17、语 直接宾语 ShegaveJohnabook Sheboughtabook for me. 5,主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语 Shemakesher mother angrThe teacher asked me to read the passage There +be There lies a book on the desk. 句子成分练习题 一 一 指出以下句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The

18、useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. 二 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usua

19、lly go to school by bus. A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast. A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast 第 6 页,共 9 页学习必备 欢迎下载 Tom didnt do his homework yesterd

20、ay. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to. A. give B. did C. whom D. book 三 挑出以下

21、句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class. Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. T

22、hey made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school 第 7 页,共 9 页学习必备 欢迎下载 They didnt know who Father Christmas really is. 四 挑出以下句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim. The leave

23、s have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it. 五 挑出以下句中的定语 They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name. What is your given name. On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe. 六 挑出以下句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. 第 8 页,共 9