初中英语动词变形

1、动词的变形1.动词讲解实义动词：及物动词（带宾语）；不及物动词（不带宾语）。及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词。MrSmithgavehiswifetwentypoundsforherbirthday.史密斯先生给了他的妻子20英镑过生日。Heaskedtheteacherafewquestions.他向老师问了几个问题。不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词。Birdsfly.鸟会飞。IthappenedinJune1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。Mywatchstopped.我的表停了。系动词亦称连系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不

2、能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有动词，例如：他是一名教师。（与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有，女m他开会时总保持沉默。此事仍是一个谜。天气还是很好。3）表像系动词用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有例如：他看起来很累。他看起来很伤心。4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有例如：这种布手感很软。这朵花闻起来很香。）变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有和多指人的情绪或身体状态的变化，但侧重于转变后的结果。当情况变坏时，往往用表示，和还可用于人或事物

3、颜色的变化。她冻得脸色发青了。这块腐烂的肉变绿了。表示结果的圆满。如：自那之后，他疯了。她没多长时间就富了。联系动词固定搭配：发疯变烂出毛病了饿了goblind变瞎变白红病倒fallasleep入睡cometrue实现comealive复活comeeasy变容易keepfit/silent/calm保持健康/沉默/冷静2.时态时态时间状语一般现在时always,hardly,often,usually,everyday,onceaweek,onSundays,sometimes,at等一般过去时attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,yeste

4、rday,lastweek,ago,theotherday,in1982,justnow等一般将来时next.tomorrow,in+段时间,before+时间点等现在完成时/现在完成进行时for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,recently等过去完成时before,by+过去的时间等过去进行时atthattime,atsixyesterday,atthatmoment等过去将来时.saidthat.thenextday/week/month/year语法项目构成规则变化不规则变化例

5、句一般现在时动词用原形三人称单数-s/es一般-s-es辅音+y-ieshavehasHegoestoschooleveryday.Ioftenhavelunchathome.一般过去时动词用过去时Bewas/were一般/去e双写/辅+y结尾一iedgo-wentcome-camedo-didleave-left等Hewrotealetteryesterday.Istudiedhardlastyear.一般将来时begoingto+V原will/shall+V原Gocomeleavestayfly等用进行表将来Areyougoingtoread?Heiscomingtomorrow.现在进行

6、时be+doing一般去e双写+ingtiedielie一变ie为y加ingTomiswritingnow.Theyarelyingonthebed.现在完成时/现在完成进行have/has+PPhave/hasbeen+doing分词规则的同过去式是一样的不规则的动词的过去分词需逐个记忆Ihavebeenteachingfor8years.Hehassleptfortwodays.过去进行时was/were+doing多用于复合句中一般去e双写+ingtiedielie一变ie为y加ingHewasreadingatthattimelastFriday过去完成时had+动过去分词多用于复合句

7、中规则的分词构成与过去时一样的需要逐个记忆详见不规则动词表Wehadlearnt2000wordsbytheendoflastyear.过去将来时would+V原形多用宾语从句中Hesaidthathewouldcomeherethenextday.主动句与被动句的转化英语中只有及物动词才有被动语态。其形式为：Be动词+及物动词的过去分词如：Theteachergavehimadictionary.Hewasgivenadictionary（byhisteacher）.Englishiswidelyspokenintheworld.（1）被动语态的用法：不知道谁是动作的执行者（即不知道谁做）时

8、用被动语态，省略by短语。女口：Amanwaskilledintheaccident.（一个人死于事故）/Thiswindowwasbrokenyesterday.（这扇窗子是昨天被打破的）不说或者众所周知是谁做时，用被动语态，省略by短语。如：Riceisalso父rowninthisplace.（这个地方也种水稻）/Arailroadwillbebuilthereinthreeyears.（三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路）强调动作的承受者，句尾加by短语。如：IwaswrittenbyLuXun.（它（书）是鲁迅写的）/Apetdogisneverkilledbyitsowner.（宠物狗是

9、不会被主人宰杀的）（2）主动语态如何改写为被动语态：主动句：主语（人/物）+谓语（及物动词）+宾语（人/物）+其他+状语i（动作的执行者）（各种时态形式）（动作的承受者）i被动句：主语（人物）+谓语（及物动词）+by+人/物+其他+耳大语1（动作的承受者）（be+过去分词）（动作的执行者）、宀2上（3）注意点：“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。女口：Histeachergavehimadictionary.Hewasg祁enadictionarybyhisteacher.（老师给他一本字典一他得到老师一本字典）也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语，但是需用to或者

10、for引出原句的间接宾语。女口：Histeachergavehimadictionary.Adictionarywasgiventohimbyhisteacher.（老师给他一本字典一一本字典由老师送给了他）Hisfathermadehimakite.Akitewasmadefarhimbyhisfather.（他的父亲给他做了一个风筝一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他）“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时，动词原形前要加to.女口：Thebossmadethepoormanwork12hoursaday.Thepoormanwasmadetowork12hoursaday.（老板让这个可怜的人一天工作

11、12小时一这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时）“动词+介词”改为被动时，介词一般在原位不动。女口：Thegirltakesgoodcareofherlittlebrother.Thegirlslittlebrotheristakengoodcareofbyher.（女孩照顾小弟弟一女孩的小弟弟由她照顾着）“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。如：Heispleased/worried/tired/（系表）（他高兴/焦虑/疲劳）Hewashit/knockeddown/told/shot/（被动）（他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中）3.句型祈使句：句首动词用原形Ittakes/tooksb

12、.sometimetodosth./Itcostsb.somemoneytobuysth.Whatabout/Howaboutdoingsth.?做。事情怎么样？Whatdoyouthinkofdoingsth.?你认为做。事情怎么样？Its+形容词forsb.todosth.对某人来说，做某事很。（所接形容词用来修饰所做的这件事的性质）例：Itsdifficultforhimtofinishthetask.Its+形容词ofsb.todosth.某人很。做某事（所接形容词用来修饰人的品格）例：Itsverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyhomework.Whatgreatfu

13、nitistodosth.做某事太开心啦。Doyoumind（ones）doingsht.?你介意（某人）做某事吗？情态动词之后一般用动词原形Must/can/may/might/should/could/beableto/shall不定式之后用动词原形agreetoto答应做某事asksb.todo要求某人做某事invitesb.todo邀请某人做某事want（sb.）todo想要（某人）做某事plantodo计划做某事have（no）timetodo有（没有）时间做某事encouragesbtodo鼓励某人做某事helpsb（to）do帮助某人做某事Itstime（forsb.）todo到

14、时间做某事了havetodo不得不/必须做某事wouldliketodo想要做某事decidenottodo决定（不）做某事hopetodo/wishtodo希望做某事wishsb.todo希望某人做某事例夕卜：lookforwardtodoing期望做某事如：Ialwayslookforwardtohearingfrommyparents.我总是期待收到父母的来信。Preferdoing（A）todoing（B）与B相比，我更喜欢A如：Ipreferplayingfootballtoplayingbasketball.与打篮球相比，我更喜欢踢足球。介词之后动词一般用-ing形式begooda

15、tdoing擅长做某事begoodfor对做某事有好处例：Eatinglessandtakingmorepractiseisgoodforkeepinghealthy.beinterestedindoing对做某事很有兴趣getreadyfor准备好做某事haveagoodtimeindoing做某事很高兴by/throughdoing通过做某事例：Ifinallysucceededby/throughstudyinghard.with/withoutdoing有（没有）做某事例：Itsnotpolitetoleavewithoutsayinggoodbye.havefundoing做某事有乐

16、趣enjoy/dislike/hatedoing喜欢/不喜欢/讨厌做某事finishdoing完成做某事practisedoing练习做某事go+动名词（动词-ing）spendsometime（in）doing花时间做某事keepdoing保持长时间做某事的动作keepondoing反复做某事bebusydoing忙着做某事dreamofdoing梦想做某事thankyoufordoing谢谢你为我做某事see/hear/watchsb.doing看到/听到/观看某人正在做某事名词短语中的动词用-ing形式Areadingclass/aswimmingpool/adrivingtestmak

17、ealiving（谋生活）Todo和doing都有的表达，彼此之间有区别liketodo喜欢做具体的事情likedoing强调兴趣，爱好begin/starttodo（已经完成前一件事）开始做另一件事；begin/startdoing某件事做到一半，停了一会儿（或中间做了另一件事），再开始接着做这件事还有三种情况用不定式表达：主语不是人；接心理活动；动词本身是beginning：beginningtostart例：Itbeginstorain.begintothink/know/believestoptodo停下之前在做的事，开始做这件事stopdoing停下手头上正在做的事Continue/

18、goontodo停止做某事，继续做另一件事Continue/goondoing做了一会儿某事，中间停了一下，继续做这件事trytodo努力尝试做某事trydoing一种新的尝试forget/remembertodo忘记/记得去做某事（还没做）forget/rememberdoing忘记了/记得做过某事双写大全Beginning,running,planning,swimming,getting,shopping,chatting,sitting单选题:TOC o 1-5 h zWhathesaidsounds.A.nicelyB.pleasantlyC.friendlyD.wonderfull

19、yTheseapplestaste.A.tobegoodB.tobewellC.wellD.goodHeturnedtenyearsagobutlaterhebecame.A.ateacher;adoctorB.teacher;doctorC.teacher;adoctorD.ateacher;doctorThedoglostyesterday.A.gotB.becameC.turnedD.fallTheoldmanmusthavemad.A.goneB.turned6.IfeltthatIshouldleave.A.strongB.strongly7.Doyoulikethematerial

20、?Yes,itverysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.fallenC.tobestrongC.feelsD.drivenD.verystrongD.isfeltIamafraidtheweatherwillhotforafewdays.D.bestayedA.lastB.belastedC.stayAlthoughhehastakenalotofmedicine,hishealthpoor.A.provesB.remainsC.maintainsD.continuesIlovetogototheseasideinsummer.Itgoodtolieinthesunorswimi

21、nthecoolsea.A.doesB.feelsC.getsD.makesThecloththatsmoothandsoft.A.feels;sellswellB.feels;iswellsoldC.isfelt;sellswellD.isfelt;sellsgooddelicious,thefoodwassoonsoldout.A.TastedB.BeingtastedC.TastingD.TotasteHappybirthday,Alice!Soyouhavetwenty-onealready.A.becomeB.turnedC.grownD.passedThepilotaskedall

22、thepassengersonboardtoremain_astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating情态动词和动词搭配A.droppedB.dropC.droppingD.todrop.Isawtoeoldwom_a_nherewhenIwaswalking.A.sit,passB.sitting,pastC.sitting,passD.sit,past_.themorningofseptember,ourschoolbegins.A.InB.OnC.AtD.To动词时态练习1.Iwilltellhimass

23、oonashebackA.comeB.comesC.willcomeD.cameMaryonshoeswhenshethem.A.triesbuysB.triesbuiesC.trysbuysD.trysbuiesThegirloftencoldwhenshe.A.cathcsdancesB.catchesdancesC.catchsdanceesD.catchesdanceehehimselfthere?No,Idontthinkso.A.DoenjoyB.DoesenjoiesC.DoesenjoysD.Doesenjoyyourteacherfromthemveryoften?Certa

24、inly.A.DohearB.DoeshearC.DoreceiveD.receiveyourmothersomecleaningonSundays?A.DoesdoesB.DodoesC.DoesdoD.DodoTomtoworkhardtohelphisfamily?Yes,he_A.HasxdoesB.HasxdoesC.DoeshashasD.DoeshavedoesWhichteacherlessonstoyoueveryday?A.doesgivesB.doesgiveC.dogiveD.givesSmithdoesnotgofishingonweekdays,?,hedoes.A

25、.doesheNoB.doesheYesC.doesntheNoD.doesntheYesMrBlackoftenfishingonSundays,he?A.goesdoesntB.goesisntC.doesntgodoesD.doesntgoisHeusuallyTVonSundayevening.A.watchB.watchesC.watchingD.iswatchingWellgotoplaywithsnowifittomorrow.A.snowB.snowsC.willsnowD.snowedNeitherInorheFrench.A.speakB.doesntspeakC.speaksD.doesntspea.Nobody_howtorunthismachines.A.knowB.haveknownC.knowsD.isknowing.TheYoungPioneer_waterfortheoldmaneveryday.A.carryB.bringC.takesD.carries.Someare_intheriverandsomeare_games.A.swimmingplayingB.swimmingplaiingC.swimmingIplayi