暨南大学翻硕英语真题汇总

1、2015年暨南大学翻硕211 英语真题汇总下面是凯程考研为大家分享的 2015 年暨南大学 211 翻译硕士英语真题，供大家参考，有需要的同学请保存。目前正值第一轮基础复习，大家要有耐心哦。2015 年全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试试题学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语 考试科目代码： 211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上，写在本试题上一律不给分。I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sent

2、ence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.I have planned to have the meeting today, but it has been until next Monday.cancelledC. called offpostponedD. transferredA is a person who chooses

3、to die rather than abandon his or her religiousbelief.heroC. martyrpatriotD. traitoris the way in which written material is arranged and prepared for printing.TypographyC. hand-writingcalligraphyD. typefaceis a place where people who are in danger from other people can go to besafe.SanctuaryC. Relic

4、sParadiseD. HeadquarterShe decided to the world and entered a convent.renounceC. revivereproachD. revengeYou describe a situation as a when it involves two or more facts or qualitieswhich seem to contradict each other.conflictC. provisiondilemmaD. paradoxDont make comments out of ignorance. Dont mak

5、e improper commentsbefore you know the whole story.A. presumptuousC. harshquickD. easy8. Planets here show how and to what we are attached, and the degree of our .weightC. gravityrelativityD. possessivenessThe plane found the spot and hovered close enough to that it was a car.examineC. ensureverifyD

6、. testifyPicking flowers in the park is absolutely .avoidedC. prohibitedrejectedD. repelledObviously, the Chairmans remarks at the conference were and not planned.substantialC. spontaneoussimultaneousD. syntheticThe professors dedication to earned him the respect of both his colleaguesand students.t

7、eachC. being taughtbe taughtD. teachingDo help yourself to some fruit, you?cantC. wouldntwontD. dontShe didnt the door key to her landlord until she got back her deposit.hand inC. hand outhand downhand overYou me anything about it. I think it was none of my business.neednt have toldC. neednt tellmus

8、tnt have toldmustnt tellJim was really rude to everyone in my party last night. It really meput overC. put offput downput upPlease feel free to visit me whenever .you are convenientC. you will be convenientit is convenient to youit will be convenient to youI have been really with the current situati

9、on in that country because mycousin was traveling there.worryingconcernedB. involvedregretfulLanguage belongs to each member of the society, to the housewife to thepresident.as far asC. as long asas much asthe same asFat cannot change into musclemuscle changes into fact.any more thanC. no less thann

10、o more thanmuch more thanWhile driving along the treacherous road, .my right rear tire blown outmy right rear tire blows outB. I had my right rear tire blow outI had a blowout on my right rear tireOur friends said that they wouldnt mind .have a little light musicC. they have a little light musicto h

11、ave a little light musichaving a little light musicfor his help, Id never have been able to achieve such a success.If it were notC. If I had not beenHad it not beenHad it notWithout facts, one cannot form a worthwhile opinion, for he needs to have factual knowledge his thinking.to base on whichC. up

12、on which to basewhich to be based onwhich to base uponScience and common sense offer ways to minimize the risk of climatechange.devastatingC. demolishingmountingwreckingYou may merely be your own misery and unhappiness by comparingyourself to others.legitimizingC. optimizingvalidatingduplicatingThe

13、storm left many parts of the island underwater and destroyed thousands of artifacts from archaeological digs.recoveredC. exploitedretrievedrectifiedChinese special envoy Zhang Yesui met Malaysias Najib on Wednesday and called for efforts to find the plane.fitfulC. everlastingunremittingsporadicAccor

14、ding to state employment data, construction is by far the fastest growing industry in the state, some job losses in the sector last month.thereforeC. neverthelesswherebyD. notwithstandingMost tiny houses are for middle-class and wealthy families who made aconscious decision to build better, not bigg

15、er.addressedC. tailoredreconciledD. weighedpageReading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of two sections. In Section A, there are three passages followed by a total of 15 multiple-choice questions. In Section B, there is one passage followed by a total of 5 short-answer questions. Re

16、ad the passages and then mark or write down your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A Multiple-Choice Questions (30%)Passage 1Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals

17、, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrela

18、ted problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a

19、poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenbergs recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least f

20、ive distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A thir

21、d function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha! experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models a

22、nd tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a p

23、lausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right befo

24、re they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and a

25、nalyzing in close concert. Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue.They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implicatio

26、n of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution. (453 words)According to the passage, senior managers use intuition in all of the following waysEXCEPT to .speed up the creation of a solution to a problemidentify a problembring t

27、ogether disparate factsstipulate clear goalsWhich of the following does the passage suggest about the writers on management mentioned in paragraph 2?They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of ac

28、tual managers.They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.Which of the following best exemplifies an Aha! experience (para. 3) as it is presented i

29、n the passage?A manager risks taking an action whose outcome is unpredictable to discover whether the action changes the problem at hand.A manager performs well-learned and familiar behavior patterns in creative and uncharacteristic ways to solve a problem.A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrel

30、ated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem at hand.A manager rapidly identifies the methodology used to compile data yielded by systematic analysis.According to the passage, the classical model of decision analysis includes all of the following EXCEPT .evaluation of a pro

31、blemcreation of possible solutions to a problemestablishment of clear goals to be reached by the decisionaction undertaken in order to discover more information about a problemAccording to the passage, which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X,

32、who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y , who uses only formal decision analysis?Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does not.Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis; Manager Y does not.Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the soluti

33、on to a problem; Manager Y does not.Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.Passage 2Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:After evidence was obtained in the 1920s that the universe is expanding, it became reasonable to

34、ask: Will the universe continue to expand indefinitely, or is there enough mass in it for the mutual attraction of its constituents to bring this expansion to a halt? It can be calculated that the critical density of matter needed to brake the expansion and close the universe is equivalent to three

35、hydrogen atoms per cubic meter. But the density of the observable universe luminous matter in the form of galaxies comes to only a fraction of this. If the expansion of the universe is to stop, there must be enough invisible matter in the universe to exceed the luminous matter in density by a factor

36、 of roughly 70.Our contribution to the search for this missing matter has been to study the rotational velocity of galaxies at various distances from their center of rotation. It has been known for some time that outside the bright nucleus of typical spiral galaxy luminosity falls off rapidly with d

37、istance from the center. If luminosity were a true indicator of mass, most of the mass would be concentrated toward the center. Outside the nucleus the rotational velocity would decrease geometrically with distance from the center, in conformity with Keplers law.Instead we have found that the rotati

38、onal velocity in spiral galaxies either remains constant with increasing distance from the center or increases slightly. This unexpected result indicates that the falloff in luminous mass with distance from the center is balanced by an increase in nonluminous mass.Our findings suggest that as much a

39、s 90 percent of the mass of the universe is not radiating at any wave length with enough intensity to be detected on the Earth. Such dark matter could be in the form of extremely dim stars of low mass, of large planets like Jupiter, or of black holes, either small or massive. While it has not yet be

40、en determined whether this mass is sufficient to close the universe, some physicists consider it significant that estimates are converging on the critical value. (351 words)The passage is primarily concerned with .defending a controversial approachcriticizing an accepted viewsummarizing research fin

41、dingscontrasting competing theoriesThe authors study indicates that, in comparison with the outermost regions of a typical spiral galaxy, the region just outside the nucleus can be characterized as having .higher rotational velocity and higher luminositylower rotational velocity and higher luminosit

42、ylower rotational velocity and lower luminositysimilar rotational velocity and higher luminosityThe authors suggestion that as much as 90 percent of the mass of the universe is not radiating at any wave length with enough intensity to be detected on the Earth (para.4) would be most weakened if were

43、discovered to be true.Spiral galaxies are less common than types of galaxies that contain little nonluminous matter.Luminous and nonluminous matter are composed of the same basic elements.The bright nucleus of a typical spiral galaxy also contains some nonluminous matter.The density of the observabl

44、e universe is greater than most previous estimates have suggested.It can be inferred from the passage that if the density of the universe were equivalent to significantly less than three hydrogen atoms per cubic meter, would be true as aconsequence.Luminosity would be a true indicator of mass.Differ

45、ent regions in spiral galaxies would rotate at the same velocity.The universe would continue to expand indefinitely.The density of the invisible matter in the universe would have to be more than 70 times the density of the luminous matter.The authors propose all of the following as possibly contribu

46、ting to the missing matter in spiral galaxies EXCEPT .massive black holessmall black holessmall, dim starsmassive starsPassage 3Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Jon Clarks study of the effect of the modernization of a telephone exchange on exchange maintenance work and workers i

47、s a solid contribution to a debate that encompasses two lively issues in the history and sociology of technology: technological determinism and social constructivism.Clark makes the point that the characteristics of a technology have a decisive influence on job skills and work organization. Put more

48、 strongly, technology can be a primary determinant of social and managerial organization. Clark believes this possibility has been obscured by the recent sociological fashion, exemplified by Bravermans analysis that emphasizes the way machinery reflects social choices. For Braverman, the shape of a

49、technological system is subordinate to the managers desire to wrest control of the labor process from the workers. Technological change is construed as the outcome of negotiations among interested parties who seek to incorporate their own interests into the design and configuration of the machinery.

50、 This position represents the new mainstream called social constructivism.The constructivists gain acceptance by misrepresenting technological determinism: technological determinists are supposed to believe, for example, that machinery imposes appropriate forms of order on society. The alternative t

51、o constructivism, in other words, is to view technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization.Clark refutes the extremes of the constructivists by both theoretical and empirical arguments. Theoretically he defines technology in terms of relationshi

52、ps between social and technical variables. Attempts to reduce the meaning of technology to cold, hard metal are bound to fail, for machinery is just scrap unless it is organized functionally and supported by appropriate systems of operation and maintenance. At the empirical level Clark shows how a c

53、hange at the telephone exchange from maintenance-intensive electromechanical switches to semi electronic switching systems altered work tasks, skills, training opportunities, administration, and organization of workers. Some changes Clark attributes to the particular way management and labor unions

54、negotiated the introduction of the technology, whereas others are seen as arising from the capabilities and nature of the technology itself.Thus Clark helps answer the question: When is social choice decisive and when are the concrete characteristics of technology more important? (363 words)The prim

55、ary purpose of the passage is to .advocate a more positive attitude toward technological changediscuss the implications for employees of the modernization of a telephone exchangeconsider a successful challenge to the constructivist view of technological changechallenge the position of advocates of t

56、echnological determinismWhich of the following statements about the modernization of the telephone exchange is supported by the passage?The new technology reduced the role of managers in labor negotiations.The modernization was implemented without the consent of the employees directly affected by it

57、.The modernization had an impact that went significantly beyond maintenance routines.Some of the maintenance workers felt victimized by the new technology.Which of the following most accurately describes Clarks opinion of Braver mans position?He respects its wide-ranging popularity.He disapproves of

58、 its misplaced emphasis on the influence of managers.He admires the consideration it gives to the attitudes of the workers affected.He is concerned about its potential to impede the implementation of new technologies.The information in the passage suggests that Clark believes that would betrue if so

59、cial constructivism had not gained widespread acceptance.Businesses would be more likely to modernize without considering the social consequences of their actions.There would be greater understanding of the role played by technology in producing social change.Businesses would be less likely to under

60、stand the attitudes of employees affected by modernization.Modernization would have occurred at a slower rate.According to the passage, which of the following did constructivists employ to promote their argument?Empirical studies of business situations involving technological changeCitation of manag