20196月四级真题及解析卷二

1、2019.6英语四级真题及答案（卷二）2019.6英语四级真题及答案（卷二）Part I Writi ng1、【题干】 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a n ews report to your campus n ewspaper on a visit to a local farm orga ni zed by your Stude nt Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more tha n180 words.【答案】 An Im

2、pressive Activities-VisitingIn order to help us stude nts to en rich life and broade n horiz on, the Stude nt Un io n orga ni zed a meanin gful activity on last weeke nd-visit ing the local farm, by which we grasped much useful kno wledge about agriculture.The farm we visited is located in the subur

3、b of Beijing and far away from our school, which covers an area of 1000 square feet. Along with native foods like rice and potatoes, the farmers on the farm grow many orga nic vegetables, in cludi ng corn, cucumbers, tomatoes and so forth. Besides, the farm breeds a host of local species such as dai

4、ry cattle, geese, chicken by modern scientific tech niq ue. One of the most impressive thi ngs for us is that by mea ns of gree nfarming methods, the problem of environmentai pollution has been effectively alleviated.This outdoors activity has a really deep impression for us. Not only did it get us

5、closer to the n ature and relieve pressure from us, it also enhance our professi onal kno wledge about husba ndry tech no logy.Part 川 Reading Section AThe cen ter of America n automobile inno vati on has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has(27)from Detroit to Silic on Valley, whereself-

6、driv ing vehicles are coming into life.In a(28)to take product ion back to Detroit, Michiga n lawmakers havein troduced(29)that could make their state the best place in the coun try, ifnot the world, to develop self-driv ing vehicles and put them on the road.Michiga ns(30)i n auto research and devel

7、opme nt is un der attackfrom several states and coun tries which desire to(31)our leadership intran sportati on. We cant let happe n, says Sen ator Mike Kowall, the lead (32) of four bills recen tly in troduced.If all four bills pass as written, they would(33)a substantial update ofMichigans 2013 la

8、w that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturer would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driv ing tech no logy on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driv ing cars on cross-state road trips, and eve n set on-dema nd (34)of self

9、-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michiga n clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial applicati on of self-driv ing tech no logy .In(35), Califor nia, homeof Silic on Valley, recen tly proposed far more(36)rules that would requirehuman driver

10、s be ready to take the wheel, and commercial use of self-driving tech no logy.27、【题干】.【选项】bidcon trastdeputyD.do minanceE.fleetsF.k notsGegislatio nH.migratedI.replaceJ.represe ntK.restrictiveL.rewardM.sig nifica ntN.sp on sorO.tra nsmitted【答案】H28、【题干】【选项】A.bidB.con trastC.deputyD.do minanceE.fleets

11、F.k notsGegislatio nH.migratedl.replaceJ.represe ntK.restrictiveL.rewardM.sig nifica ntN.sp on sorO.tra nsmitted【答案】A29、【题干】【选项】A.bidB.con trastC.deputyD.do minanceE.fleetsF.k notsGegislatio nH.migratedI.replaceJ.represe ntK.restrictiveL.rewardM.sig nifica ntN.sp on sorO.tra nsmitted【答案】G30、【题干】【选项】

12、A.bidB.con trastC.deputyD.do minanceE.fleetsF.k notsGegislatio nH.migratedI.replaceJ.represe ntK.restrictiveL.rewardM.sig nifica ntN.sp on sorO.tra nsmitted【答案】D31、【题干】【选项】A.bidB.con trastC.deputyD.do minanceE.fleetsF.k notsGegislatio nH.migratedl.replaceJ.represe ntK.restrictiveL.rewardM.sig nifica

13、 ntN.sp on sorO.tra nsmitted【答案】I32、【题干】【选项】A.bidB.con trastC.deputyD.do minanceE.fleetsF.k notsGegislatio nH.migratedI.replaceJ.represe ntK.restrictiveL.rewardM.sig nifica ntN.sp on sorO.tra nsmitted【答案】N33、【题干】【选项】A.bidB.con trastC.deputyD.do minanceE.fleetsF.k notsGegislatio nH.migratedl.replaceJ

14、.represe ntK.restrictiveL.rewardM.sig nifica ntN.sp on sorO.tra nsmitted【答案】J34、【题干】【选项】A.bidB.con trastC.deputyD.do minanceE.fleetsF.k notsGegislatio nH.migratedI.replaceJ.represe ntrestrictiveL.rewardM.sig nifica ntN.sp on sorO.tra nsmitted【答案】E35、【题干】【选项】A.bidB.con trastC.deputyD.do minanceE.flee

15、tsF.k notsGegislatio nH.migratedI.replaceJ.represe ntK.restrictiveL.rewardM.sig nifica ntN.sp on sorO.tra nsmitted【答案】B36、【题干】【选项】A.bidB.con trastC.deputyD.do minanceE.fleetsF.k notsGegislatio nH.migratedI.replaceJ.represe ntK.restrictiveL.rewardM.sig nifica ntN.sp on sorO.tra nsmitted【答案】KPart 川 Re

16、ading Section BMake Stuff, Fail, And Learn While Youre At ItWeve always bee n a han ds-on, do-it-yourself kind of n ati on. BenFran kli n, one of Americas founding fathers, did nt just invent the light ning rod.His creati ons in clude glasses, inno vative stoves and more.Fran kli n, who was largely

17、self-taught, may have bee n a geni us, but hewas nt really an excepti on whe n it comes to America n making and creativity.The pers onal computi ng revoluti on and philosophy of disruptiveinnovation of Silicon Valley grew, in part, out of the creations of the HomebrewComputer Club, Which was founded

18、 in a garage in Menlo Park, California, in the mid-1970s. Members in cludi ng guys n amed Jobs and Wozniak startedmaking and inven ti ng thi ngs they could nt buy.So its no surprise that the Maker Moveme nt today is thriv ing incom mun ities and some schools across America. Making is available to or

19、dinarypeople who arent tied to big compa ni es, big defe nse labs or researchuni versities. The maker philosophy echoes old ideas advocated by Joh n Dewey,Mon tessori, and eve n ancient Greek philosophers, as we poin ted out rece ntly.These maker spaces are ofte n outside of classrooms, and are serv

20、 ing an importa nt educati onal function. The Maker Moveme nt is rediscoveri ng lear ningby doing, which is Deweys phrase from 100 years ago. We are rediscover ing Dewey and Mon tessori and a lot of the practices that they pion eered that have been forgotten or at least put aside. A maker space is a

21、 place which can be in a school, but it does nt look like a classroom. It can be in a library. It can be out in the com muni ty. It has tools and materials. Its a place where you get to make things based on your in terest and on what youre lear ning to do.Ideas about lear ning by doing have struggle

22、d to become main stream educati on ally, despite being old con cepts from Dewey and Mon tessori, Plato and Aristotle, and in the America n Con tcxt, Ralph Emers on, on the value of experie nee and self-relia nee. Its not n ecessarily an efficie nt way to lear n. We learn, in a sen se, by trial and e

23、rror. Lear ning from experie nee is somethi ng that takes time and patienee. Its very individualized. If your goal is to havestandardized approaches to learning, where everybody learns the same thing at the same time in the same way, the n lear ning by doing does nt really fit that mold anymo re. It

24、s not the world of textbooks. Its not the world of test ing.Lear ning by doing may not be efficie nt, but it is effective. Project-based learning has grown in popularity with teachers and administrators. However, project-based lear ning is not mak ing. Although there is a connection, there isalso a

25、disti nction. The differe nee lies in whether the project is in a sense defi ned and developed by the stude nt or whether its assig ned by a teacher. Well all get the kids to build a small boat. We are all going to lear n about X, Y, and Z. That tends to be one form of project-based learning.I reall

26、y believe the core idea of making is to have an idea withi n yourhead or you just borrow it from some one and begi n to develop it ,repeat it and improve it. Then, realize that idea somehow. That thi ng that you make is valuable to you and you can share it with others. Im interested in how these thi

27、 ngs are expressi ons of that pers on, their ideas, and their in teract ionswith the world.In some ways, a lot of forms of maki ng in school trivialize（使变得无足轻重）mak ing. The thi ng that you make has no value to you. Once you are donedem on strat ing whatever con cept was in the textbook, you throw aw

28、ay the pipe clea ners, the cardboard tubes.Making should be stude nt-directed and stude nt-led, otherwise its bori ng. It does nt have the motivati on of the stude nt. Im not say ing that stude nts should not lear n con cepts or not lear n skills. They do. But to really harn ess their motivati on is

29、 to build upon their in terest. Its to let them be in con trol and to drive the car.Teachers should aim to build a supportive, creative en vir onment for students to do this work. A very social environment, where they are learning from each other. When they have a problem, it isnt the teacher necess

30、arily coming in to solve it. They are resp on sible for work ing through that problem. It might be they have to talk to other stude nts in the class to help get an an swer.The teachers role is more of a coach or observer. Sometimes, to people, it sounds like this is a dimini shed rote for teachers.

31、I thi nk its a heighte ned role. Youre ereat ing this en vir onmen t, like a maker space. You have 20 kids doing differe nt thi ngs. You are watchi ng them and really its the huma n behaviors youre look ing at. Are they en gaged? A they develop ing and repeat ing their project? Are they stumbli ng （

32、 受挫）? Do they n eed somethi ng that they dont have? Can you help them be aware of where they are?My belief is that the goal of making is not to get every kid to be han ds-on, but it en able us to be good lear ners. Its not the kno wledge that is valuable, Its the practice of lear ning new thi ngs an

33、d un dersta nding how thi ngs work. These are processes that you are develop ing so that you are able, over time, to tackle more interesting problems, more challenging problems problems that require many people in stead of one pers on, and many skillsin stead of one.If teachers keep it form-free and

34、 student-led, it can still be tied to a curriculum and an educati onal pla n. I thi nk a maker space is more like a like a library in that there are multiple subjects and multiple thi ngs that you can lear n. What seems to be miss ing in school is how these subjects in tegrate, how theyfit together

35、in any meanin gful way. Rather tha n say ing, This is scie nee, overhere is history, I see schools tak ing this idea of projects and look ing at: How do they support childre n in higher level lear ning?I feel like this is a shift away form a subject matter-based curriculum to a more experiential cur

36、riculum or learning. Its still in its early stages, but I think its shift ing around not what kids lear n but how they lear n.【题干】 A maker space is where people make things according to their pers onal in terests.【选项】AABC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LM.MN.NO.O【答案】E【题干】 The teachers role is enhanced i

37、n a maker space as they have to monitor and facilitate during the process.【选项】AA TOC o 1-5 h z BCDEFG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LM.MN.NO.O【答案】L39.【题干】 Comi ng up with an idea of on es own or improvi ng one fromothers is key to the concept of making.【选项】AAB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KLM.MN.NO.O【答案】H【题干】 Contra

38、ry to structured learning, learning by doing is highly in dividualized.【选项】AABC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LM.MN.NO.O【答案】F【题干】 America is a nation known for the idea of making things by on eself.【选项】AA TOC o 1-5 h z BCDEF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LM.MN.NO.O【答案】A42.【题干】 Making will be bori ng uni ess stude

39、nts are able to take charge.【选项】AAB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KLM.MN.NO.O【答案】J【题干】 Maki ng can be related to a project, but it is created and carried out by stude nts themselves.【选项】AABC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LM.MN.NO.O【答案】G【题干】The author suggests incorporating the idea of a maker space into a

40、 school curriculum.【选项】AA TOC o 1-5 h z BCDEF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LM.MN.NO.O【答案】N【题干】 The maker concept is a modern version of some ancient philosophical ideas.【选项】AA TOC o 1-5 h z BCDEFGHIJKLMNO【答案】D【题干】 Making is not taken seriously in school when students are asked to make somethi ng mea nin gless

41、to them based on textbooks.【选项】AAB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.L TOC o 1-5 h z M.MN.NO.O【答案】IPart 川 Reading Section CPassage OneQuesti ons 47 to 51 are based on the follow ing passage.In the classic marriage vow（ 誓约）,couples promise to stay together in sick ness and in health. But a new study find

42、s that the risk of divorce among older couples rises whe n the wife-not the husba nd becomes seriously ill.Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce, said researcher Amelia Kar

43、raker.Karraker and co-author Ken zie Latham an alyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study con ducted by In dia na Un iversity since 1992. At the time of the first in terview, at least one of the part ners was over the age of 50.The researchers exam ined how the on set（ 发生）of four seriou

44、s physicalill nesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages en dedin divorce over the period studied. The incidenee of new chronic（慢性的）illnesson set in creased over time as will, with more husba nds tha n wives develop ing serious health problems.We found that women are doubl

45、y vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of ill ness, Karraker said. Theyre more likely to be widowed, and if theyre the noes who become ill, theyre more likely to get divorced.While the study did nt assess why divorce in more likely whe n wives but not husba nds become seriously ill, Karraker o

46、ffers a few possible reas ons. Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving many make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses, Karraker said. And because of the imbala nee in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective part

47、ners tha n divorced wome n.Give n the in creas ing concern about health care costs for the agi ngpopulati on, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relati on ship betwee n disease and risk of divorce.Offeri ng support services to spouses cari ng for their other halves may reduce mari

48、tal stress and preve nt divorce at older ages, she said. But its also importa nt to recog nize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may n eed additi onal care and services to preve nt worse ning health and in creased health costs.【题干】 What can we learn about marr

49、iage vows from the passage?【选项】They may not guara ntee a lasti ng marriage.They are as binding as they used to be.They are not take n seriously any more.They may help couples tide over hard times.【答案】A【题干】 What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husba nds?【选项】They are gen er

50、ally not good at tak ing care of themselves.They can become in creas in gly vuln erable to serious ill nesses.They can develop differe nt kinds of ill nesses just like their wives.They are more likely to con tract serious ill nesses tha n their wives.【答案】B【题干】 What does Karraker say about women who

51、fall ill?【选项】They are more likely to be widowed.They are more likely to get divorced.They are less likely to receive good care.They are less likely to bother their spouses.【答案】B【题干】 Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses accord ing to Karraker?【选项】They are more accustome

52、d to receiv ing care.They find it more importa nt to make money for the family.They thi nk it more urge nt to fulfill their social obligati ons.They expect society to do more of the job.【答案】A【题干】 What does Karraker think is also important?【选项】Reduci ng marital stress on wives.Stabilizi ng old couple

53、ss relati ons.Providi ng extra care for divorced wome n.Mak ing men pay for their wives health costs.【答案】CPassage TwoQuesti ons 52 to 56 are based on the follow ing passage.If you were like most childre n, you probably got upset whe n your mothercalled you by a siblings（兄弟姐妹的）name. How could she not

54、 know you? Did itmea n she loved you less?认知Probably not. Accord ing to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a com mon cog nitive（ 的）error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.The study, published on li n

55、e in April in the jour nal Memory and Cogn iti on, found that the wrong n ame is not ran dom but is in variably fished out from the same relati on ship pond: childre n, sibli ngs, frie nds. The study did not exam ine the possibility of deep psychological sig nifica nee to the mistake, says psycholog

56、ist David Rubi n, but it does tell us whos in and whos out of the group.The study also found that withi n that group, misnamings occurred where the n ames shared in itial or internal soun ds, like Jimmy and Joa nie or Joh n and Bob. Physical resembla nee betwee n people was not a factor. Nor was gen der.The researchers con ducted five separate surveys of more tha n 1,700 people. Some of the surveys in cl