2023初高英语衔接讲义第08讲-谓语动词十种必考时态（学生版+解析版）

1、第08讲 谓语动词十种必考时态动词的时态时态是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。英语中有16种时态。高考必考时态有十种: 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时，现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、现在完成 时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时。英语时态一般时 进行时 完成时完成进行时现在do/ doesam/ is/ arehave/ hashave/ has beendoingdonedoing过去didwas/ weehad donehad been doingdoing将来shall/ willshall/ will beshall/ w川 haveshall/ wil

2、l havedodoingdonebeen doing过去将来should/should/ wouldshould/ wouldshould/ wouldwould do be doing have done have been doing(-)一般现在时构成：do/does.通常表示现阶段经常发生的动作、存在状态或经常的习惯性的动作。常与。ften, usually, always, sometimes, today, every five minutes, on Sundays 等时间状语连用。She is always ready to help others.她总是乐于助人。The o

3、ld man goes to park every morning,这位老人每天早上者B去公园。.表示永恒的真理以及客观事实。The earth goes round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。.表示按规定或计划要发生的动作。The train starts at seven in the morning. 火车早上七点出发。.主将从现：主句中使用一般将来时，在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。Fil go with you, if you are free tomorrow.如果你明天有空，我就会和你一起去。(-)一般过去时构成：did.现在完成进行时的构成记忆不清；.不能准确区分现

4、在完成进行和现在完成时的区别；.时态搭配上出现错误。【疑难辨析】现在完成进行时和现在完成时的辨析：(1)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性Have you been meeting him recently?你最近常和他见面吗？Have you met him recently?你最近见到过他吗？(2)现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙I have been waiting for you for two hours.我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满)I have waited for you for two hours.我等了你两个小时

5、。(说明一个事实)(3)现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果Who has been eating the oranges?谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？(还剩余一些)Who has eaten the oranges?谁把桔子吃光了？(强调吃得一个不剩)检测训练基础过关用单词的适当形式完成句子He(watch) TV when someone knocked at the door.Its said that Samuel the first permanent(settle) in present Canada.They(settle) in Shanghai last year.The

6、competition was so close that no one was sure that who(win) the Best Actor award. He(behave) as if nothing had happened.My sister, as well as her classmates who(be) late for class,(punish) by Mr. Hunt this morning.She(face) difficulties before, and she knew that her young players could win if they w

7、orked together as a team.In the past 10 years, frequent natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes(destroy) countlesshomes.This is the first time that I(visit) Shanghai.It has been fifteen years since we last(meet )each other.This is the most interesting movie we(watch).Some citizens of this a

8、rea supported the idea of rebuilding the park, but others(argue) that the noise may cause trouble.What(strike) me in the movie Changjinhu most was the soldiers strong will and determination.Thanksgiving which Children all over the USA are looking forward to(be) a traditional American holiday.It is t

9、he third time you(ask) me such a silly question.I found the lecture hard to follow because it(start) when I arrived.How many of you(come) to the party tonight?The students of our class(visit) the museum now.If I see him, I(give) him your message.It was only after he went abroad he realized the impor

10、tance of English.They didnt finish the project on time; I (后悔)that I hadnt given them a hand.We(move) to the new house the day after tomorrow.About 9,000 African elephants(appear) in the 1990s. Theyre in great danger.Lily(leave)tonight. we had better send her off. They will come if he(invite)them.能力

11、提升Text 1(2020,湖南.宁乡一中高一开学考试)阅读下面短文，在空格处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式 填空.The history of the English language really started with the arrival of two Germanic tribes in the fifth century “the Angles and the Saxons, which is 1 Old English is also called Anglo-Saxon. Since then, the English language 2 (develop) by

12、 absorbing different languages. At the end of the 9th century, the Vikings, people from Northern European countries, moved to Britain. 3 language was taken in by Old English. Later in 1066, England 4 (conquer) by the Normans, from France, who brought with them their own languageNorman French. As a r

13、esult. Old English, 5 (pick) up lots of vocabulary from French, evolved into Middle English. But it was not until 1399, when Henry IV became King of England, 6 English was used for all official events as his mother tongue was English. During the Renaissance in the 16th century. Modem English appeare

14、d, including many Latin and Greek words as well. In recent times, more cultures and languages, such as India and China, have made their 7 (contribute) to the grammar and vocabulary of English. Since the most accepted sources of reference 8 (be) the famous English dictionaries 一 Websters and the Oxfo

15、rd English Dictionary, English learners are advised to consult them if confused. Todays English is different from the English of 100 years ago; it is pronounced 9 (different) too and no doubt, it will be even more different 10 100 years，time.Text 2(2021 山西晋城高一开学考试)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The

16、re 11 (be) no lights in sight but the night sky glowed (发出)a dusky yellow, because the Amazon was burning. The yellow flames engulfed (吞噬)trees 12 lit up the sky. During the day, the sunshine was blocked 13 thick smoke. So far, the fire 14 (put) out.The government has recorded 72, 843 fires. The fir

17、e is just one of 15 (they) in the Amazon, the worlds 16 (large) rainforest and a fighter against climate change. According to Brazils space research agency INPE, the wildfire has decreased by 17 percent so far this year compared to the same period in 2018.Environmental 17 (group)said the policies of

18、 the government encouraged deforestation (采伐森林) of the Amazon. 18 led to more fires. But the government posted a report and wanted 19 (argue) against that. The government claimed that non-governmental organizations 20 (angry) set fire to the forest after it cut their funding.真题初体验(2020浙江卷7月)阅读下面材料，在

19、空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Some time after 10, 000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56,through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they ha

20、d sown.Farming produced more food per person 58 hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise morechildren And, as more children were born, more food 59 (need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60 (change)lives.By about 6000 BC, people 61 (discover)the

21、best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later, they learned to work with the 62 (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 63 (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with 64 rise of science, changes began. New met

22、hods 65(mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these changes haveaccelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化月R)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.(2020新高考I卷)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Many people have the hobb

23、y of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36 (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37 until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,00

24、0 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38 (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39 opened in 1759.The parts of a museum open to the public 40 (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museums collection 41 (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for

25、 research.Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟)and imagine 42 (they) living at a different time in history or43 (walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the citys Viking set

26、tlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 44 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 45 peoples spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities

27、 for children.第08讲 谓语动词十种必考时态动词的时态时态是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。英语中有16种时态。高考必考时态有十种: 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时，现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、现在完成 时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时。英语时态一般时 进行时 完成时完成进行时现在do/ doesam/ is/ arehave/ hashave/ has beendoingdonedoing过去didwas/ werehad donehad been doingdoing将来shall/ willshall/ will beshall/ w川

28、 haveshall/ will havedodoingdonebeen doing过去将来should/should/ wouldshould/ wouldshould/ wouldwould do be doing have done have been doing(-)一般现在时构成：do/does.通常表示现阶段经常发生的动作、存在状态或经常的习惯性的动作。常与。ften, usually, always, sometimes, today, every five minutes, on Sundays 等时间状语连用。She is always ready to help other

29、s.她总是乐于助人。The old man goes to park every morning,这位老人每天早上者B去公园。.表示永恒的真理以及客观事实。The earth goes round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。.表示按规定或计划要发生的动作。The train starts at seven in the morning. 火车早上七点出发。.主将从现：主句中使用一般将来时，在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。Fil go with you, if you are free tomorrow.如果你明天有空，我就会和你一起去。(-)一般过去时构成：did动词过去式变化规那

30、么：1 一般在动词末尾加-ed:clean-cleaned, cook-cooked, look-looked以 e 结尾的动词加 d:livelived, move-moved， change-changed末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 -ed:stopstopped,shopshopped以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i,再加-ed:study-studied, carry-carried常考不规那么动词过去式： am/iswas,arewere,become-became,buybought,bringbrought,breakbroke,

31、 comecame,catchcaught,dodid, drinkdrank, drive-drove, eatate, findfound flyflew,fightfought, getgot, gowent, givegave, havehad, hurthurt,keepkept,makemade, meetmet, mean-meant, riderode, runran, see-saw, sleepslept, singsang, swimswam .一般过去时表示过去某一时间发生的动作或情况。常与表示过去的时间状语ago, yesterday , last week, in

32、the old days ,when I was five years old, in 1995, the other day 等连用。I met him yesterday.昨天我遇见了 他。They began to work two months ago.两个月前他们开始工作。一般过去时多和表示过去了的时间状语连用。但是有时候句子并没有过去的时间状语，这时就要通过语 境、说话人的口气来判断。He wrote a novel.他写了一部小说。I didnt expect you were waiting for us.我没预料到你正在等我们。used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某

33、事”,暗含“现在不做了”之意。be used to do sth.意为“被用于做某事”, 不定式表示目的，可用于多种时态。be used to doing sth.习惯做某事。He used to get up early .过去他总是早起。（现在不这样了）He will be used to getting up early .他将会习惯早起。Wood is used to make paper.木材被用来造纸。（三）一般将来时一般将来时（1）构成：will/ shall+动词原形（Dis/am/are going to+动词原形is/am/are about to+动词原形is/am/ar

34、e to+动词原形is/am/are due to+动词原形某些动词的一般现在时或现在进行时形式(2)用法: will表示将来的习惯性动作或状态；Spring will come again. 春天还会再来。He will be here in an hour,他一个小时后到这里。表示将来发生的一次性动作；If you don*t hurry, you will miss the train.如果你不快点儿，你就会赶不上火车。表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势；Fish will die without water.离开水,鱼就会死。表示偶然的、临时的决定。 Do you know Mr. Smit

35、h has come to our town? No. I will go and visit him right now.你知道史密斯先生来我们镇了吗？一不知道。我马上就去看他。be going to用在口语中，表示“计划、打算要做某事 此外，be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。He is going to speak on TV this evening.他今晚要在电视上演讲。Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.看这些乌云，要下雨了。(3)be about to/be on the point of +动名词表示

36、“立即的将来(immediate future) ”，这两种结构不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和并列连词 when (=and at this/that time)弓出的分句连用The train is about to start.火车就要开了。Im not about to stop when Pm so close to success.在这样接近成功时，我不打算就此罢手。be to表示“按计划或安排要做的事”；When are you to leave for home?你什么时候回家？表示要求做某事，意为“应该”，相当于should, ought to；You are to

37、report it to the police.你应该报警。表示“想，打算，相当于intend, wantoIf we are to be there before ten, well have to go now.如果我们要在10点前到那儿，我们现在就得走。be due to表示“预定、定于；They are due to meet again tomorrow.他们定于明天再见面。有些动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start等，其现在进行时表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作；Im leaving for Beijing next month.下个月

38、我要动身去北京。某些动词的一般现在时可以表示按计划、安排将要做的事情，这种用法常常用于介绍火车时刻表、飞机时 刻表、电影开演时刻表、作息安排等。We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 oclock.我们必须快点儿。第一节课将在 8 点开始。（四）.现在进行时的用法：（1）构成：is/am/are +现在分词（2）用法：表示现在（说话人说话时.）正在发生或进行的动作或状态，常与now, right now, at this moment, at present 等时间状语连用。We are waiting for you now.我们正在等你。

39、表示现阶段发生的动作，说话时该动作未必正在进行。He is teaching in a middle school.他在一所中学教书。表示将要发生的动作，此时常与表示将来的时间状语连用，多指按计划、安排好的事情。Fm meeting my father at the station at 5 o,clock.我五点要去车站接我的父亲。表示渐变，有些动词，如come, go, leave, start, begin, stop, arrive, return等的进行时表示逐渐变化 的过程。It is getting warmer and warmer in spring. 春天天气越来越暖和 T

40、。表示动作的反复。进行时与always, constantly, forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状 态，往往带有说话人的厌烦、喜爱等感情色彩。You are always changing your mind.你总是不停地改变主意。（不满）Shefs always helping people.她总是乐意帮助别人。（赞扬）The boy is constantly lying.这个男孩老是撤谎。（厌烦）不能用进行时态的动词。感觉类：look, smell, feeh sound, taste, see, hear 等。The soup tastes good.（不可说：

41、The soup is tasting good.）这汤尝起来不错。Your hands feel cold.（不可说：Your hands are feeling cold.）你的手摸起来很凉。情感类：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear, adore 等。I love my dad and mum.（不可说：I am loving my dad and mum.）我爱我的爸爸妈妈。心态类： wish, hope, want, need, believe, understand, agree, know, remember, forget 等。I do

42、nt believe my eyes.（不可说：I am not believing my eyes.）我不相信我的眼睛。存在状态类：appear, 存（位于），remain, belong, have 等。Those books belong to Mr. Li.（不可说：Those books are belonging to Mr. Li.）那些书是李先生的。（五）过去进行时的用法：（1）构成：was/were +现在分词（2）用法:表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作，常有表过去时间的状语（从句）The last time I saw Jane, she was picking co

43、tton in the fields.我最后一次见简时，她正在地里摘棉花。表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day, from nine to ten 等We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点我们在看电视。用过去进行时表过去将来时，与现在进行时表将来相同，表示过去将要发生的动作，常用动词有g。,come, stay, leave 等She asked him whether he was coming back for sup

44、per.她问他是否要回来吃晚饭。表示过去的反复性或习惯性的动作，常与副词always, constantly, continually, frequently等连用，常常 带有说话人的某种感情色彩His mother was always working like that.他母亲总是那样工作。（六）现在完成时的用法：1、表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already, ever, never, just ,yet等副词 连用。I have just finished my homework.我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。He has been to Germany.他去

45、过德国。2、表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续持续下去，此时经常用延续性动 词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或加一个现在时间。I have known him for three years.我认识他三年 了。He has lived here since 1995,他自1995年以来就住在这儿。【注意】（1）因为含有for加一段时间或since加一时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有延续性的特点，所 以不能使用瞬间动词。My sister has been married for 5 years.我姐姐结婚五年了。My sister

46、has married. Dont disturb her.我姐姐已经结婚 了。不要打搅她。（2）在 This/That/It is the first/second/third/.time that.句型里，从句要用现在完成时。This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition. 这是我 公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。（3）句型It is/has beensince.所使用的两种时态都正确。It is/has been 10 years

47、 since I last saw him.从我上次见到他以来已经有 10 年了。【注意】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯表达过去的事情，强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响;一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。试比拟：I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）动词过去式变化规那么：1 一般在动词末尾加-ed:clean-cleaned, cookcooked, look-looked以 e 结

48、尾的动词加 d:live-lived, move-moved， change-changed末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 -ed:stopstopped,shopshopped以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i,再加-ed:study-studied, carry-carried常考不规那么动词过去式： am/iswas,arewere,become-became,buybought,bringbrought,breakbroke, comecame,catchcaught,dodid, drinkdrank, drive-drove, eatat

49、e, findfound flyflew,fightfought, getgot, gowent, givegave, havehad, hurthurt,keepkept,makemade, meetmet, mean-meant, riderode, runran, see-saw, sleepslept, singsang, swimswam .一般过去时表示过去某一时间发生的动作或情况。常与表示过去的时间状语ago, yesterday , last week, in the old days ,when I was five years old, in 1995, the other

50、 day 等连用。I met him yesterday.昨天我遇见了 他。They began to work two months ago.两个月前他们开始工作。一般过去时多和表示过去了的时间状语连用。但是有时候句子并没有过去的时间状语，这时就要通过语 境、说话人的口气来判断。He wrote a novel.他写了一部小说。I didnt expect you were waiting for us.我没预料到你正在等我们。used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”,暗含“现在不做了”之意。be used to do sth.意为“被用于做某事”, 不定式表示目的，可用于多种时

51、态。be used to doing sth.习惯做某事。He used to get up early .过去他总是早起。（现在不这样了）He will be used to getting up early .他将会习惯早起。Wood is used to make paper.木材被用来造纸。（三）一般将来时一般将来时（1）构成：will/ shall+动词原形（Dis/am/are going to+动词原形is/am/are about to+动词原形(七).过去完成时的用法：1、过去完成时是一个相对时态，表示过去的过去，只有在两个过去发生的动作相比拟时才可显示出来。When we

52、got to the station, the train had left.2、过去完成时表示截止到过去某一时间已经完成的动作。By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books.截止到上个月末，我们已经复习了四本书。3、表示思维的动词用过去完成时，意为“原本(但事与愿违)I had thought that he would win.我原以为他能赢。We had believed that he could tell the truth.我们原本相信他能够说实话。(A).过去将来时的用法：(1)构成：should/would+动词原形w

53、as/were going to+动词原形was/were about to+动词原形was/were to+动词原形was/were due to+动词原形was/were +to have done(2)用法：表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态He said he would be here at eight oclock.他说他将在八点钟到这里。He told me he was leaving in an hour.他告诉我他一小时后就要走了。I was about to take a bath when the telephone rang.我正要洗澡时 铃响了。He t

54、old me he was to get married the next week.他告诉我他下周结婚。(九)将来进行时的用法：.定义：将来进行时是指将来某个时间正在进行的动作。.基本结构：主语+will be/be going to be+doingI will be sleeping at 12:00 p.m.十二点的时候我将在睡觉。I will be studying in university at the age of 20.我 20 岁的时候我将会在大学里学习。.用法：（1）表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语。What will you be doing at this

55、time next Monday?下周一的这个时候你会做什么？When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report.明天他来我家时，我将在写报告。（2）表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来。I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon.我想知道今天下午是否还会一直下雨。I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning.我想她会一直在做这个实验直到第 二天早上。（

56、3）表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。Tomorrow I will be flying to Bombay.明天我将飞往孟买。After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better.吃完药后，你会感觉好很多。（4）表示委婉的请求。When shall we be meeting again?我们什么时候能再见面？（5）表示原因。Please come tomorrow afternoon. Tomorrow morning ril be having a meeting. 请明天下午过来。 明天早上 我将有一个会议。（6）表示

57、结果。Stop the child or he will be falling over.快阻止那个孩子，要不然他会摔跤的。（7）表示对将来的打算（区别于对将来的预测）My duties will end in July, and Ill be returning to Beijing.七月我将结束工作，返回北京。（十）,现在完成进行时的用法：.现在完成进行时的定义现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。We have been waiting for him for two hours.现在完成进行时的结构have/has been + doing.

58、现在完成进行时所用的时间状语this month/week/year, these days, recently/lately, in the past few+时间段，since + 时间点，foi*+时间段。They have been building the bridge for two months.They have been planting trees this month.这个月他们在植树。.现在完成进行时的用法（1）表示动作的延续The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国有 2, 000 年的造纸

59、历史。（动作还将继 续下去）I have been learning English since three years ago.自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（表示在说话时刻之 前刚刚结束的动作）We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我们已经等你半个钟头了。（动作不再继续下去）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。They have been living in this city for ten years.They have lived in this city for ten years.他们在这个城市已经住了 10 年了

60、。I have been working here for five years.I have worked here for five years.我在这里已经工作两年了。大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。I have been writing a book.我一直在写一本书。（动作还将继续下去）I have written a book.我已经写了一本书。（动作已经完成）They have been building a bridge.他们一直在造一座桥。They have built a bridge.他们造了一座桥。表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。I have