新编第二版新视野大学英语第四册unit5第五单元sectionA

1、Choose to Be Alone on PurposeI. ObjectivesII. PreviewIII. leading-inIV. Section A-TextV. Answers to ExercisesVI. Extensive TasksVII. Testing Yourself VIII. HomeworkBackground InformationHenry David ThoreauWalden PondJohn MiltonWilliam WordsworthHenry David Thoreau (1817-1862)a U.S. thinker, essayist

2、, and naturalistborn in Concord, graduated from Harvard University and taught school for several years before deciding to become a poet of nature1845-1847, lived in a hut beside Concords Walden Pond; essays recording his daily life were assembled for his masterwork, Walden.essay Civil Disobedience l

3、ater influenced such figures as M. Gandhi and M. L. King.Walden PondThoreaus Cove on Walden Pond Walden Pond in SnowJohn Milton (1608-1674)an English poet, attended Cambridge Universitywidely considered second only to W. Shakespeare in the history of English-language poetrybest-known for his epic po

4、em Paradise Lost (1667). Miltons powerful, rhetoric prose and the eloquence of his poetry had an immense influence especially on the 18th-century verse.William Wordsworth (1770-1850)an English poetHis most important collection, Lyrical Ballads (1798), published jointly with Samuel Taylor Coleridge,

5、helped establish romanticism in England.He was appointed poet laureate in 1843.1.Choose one of the following topics, and have a discussion with your partner.* Do you remember the first roommate you met in your room? Have you become good friends? * As for college students, how to get on well with you

6、r roommates/classmates?Tips* thin, short and dark signs of long journey smiling shyly be quick in action ready to help me to carry the luggage a smart freshman * show each other a mutual sense of respect and politeness find out their likes and dislikes show some extra consideration address the confl

7、ict with a responsible and efficient mannerWords & expressions relevant to the themecolorful and rewarding abundant books to read bosom friends to keep company join societies and clubs stretch out our soul stay up late self-discipline do things at our own pace learn to be independent safety problem

8、as gas leak and robberies convenience many resources available educational and sports facilitiessocialize others learn how to communicate, cooperate and get on with othersIn-Class 1) According to a recent survey, 18.7 percent of college students live in their rented homes off campus instead of the a

9、ssigned dormitories on campus. what are your views on this phenomenon? Topics for Discussion1) Be good and you will be lonely. - Mark Twain2) People are lonely because they build walls instead of bridges. - Joseph F. Newton3) It is strange to be known so universally and yet to be so lonely. - Albert

10、 Einstein 4) An artist is always alone - if he is an artist. No, what the artist needs is LONELINESS. -Henry Miller 2. Loneliness in the eyes of great figures:Famous peoples view of solitude Inspiration in solitude is a major commodity for artists.A busy solitude is the happiest of all lives in thei

11、r eyes.Solitude is their souls best friend.Im sure of this: that by going much alone a man will get more of a noble courage in thought and word than form all the wisdom that is in the books. Ralph Waldo Emerson 我确信：与书本上相比，一个人在独处时能从思想语言受益更多高贵的灵魂。 拉尔夫瓦尔多爱默生 What do people think of living alone? Who ar

12、e often living alone? Living alone - a common social phenomenon. 1. Structure of TextPara. 2Para. 3-10 The comments on the phenomenon of solitude.Para. 11-16Reference Words: altogether 22 million of people living alone in their rooms in the US2. Questions to ComprehensionQ:Why may loneliness be a so

13、rt of national disease in the US? (Para.2)Reference Words:inspiration in solitudebe all for itQ:2) As for poets and philosophers, what is the most useful thing? (Para.3)Reference Words: Miltons daughter arranging his cushions and blankets;call the girls to come back;write the poetry down while he di

14、ctatesQ:3) How did Milton create poetry? (Para.6)Reference Words: Thoreau;the more capable the person is of thinking on his own, the less his need for staying with othersQ:4) Who is considered as the American high priest of solitude? What can be learnt from his choice of solitary way of life? (Para.

15、8-10)Reference Words: a persons sense of his own value and importance;other personsQ:5) In line 38, “The larger the ego, the less the need for other egos around”, what do the two “ego” refer to respectively? (Paras.10)Reference Words: It depends.if he lives with them, their temporary leaving will be

16、 considered as a welcome change;if he lives alone, it will leave him nothing but the feeling of emptinessQ:6) How will the temporary absence of friends and acquaintances affect a person? (Paras.10)Reference Words: call friends to tell them important things; talk to himself, his pets, the television,

17、 or even to strangers in the supermarketQ:7) To whom may the person living alone talk at length? (Paras.13)Reference Words: stay rational;settle himself in a comfortable and pleasant way;wait for anything happy that may happenQ:8) How is a solitary man advised to enjoy his life? (Paras.14-15)3. Key

18、Words 1) tame vt:make sb. or sth. easy to control制服train an animal or bird not to be afraid of humans and to be obedient驯化，驯服TranslationA group of policemen was called out to tame the crowds.一队警察被叫来制服人群。 Its hard to tame a tiger.驯服老虎很难。tamer n. 驯兽员timid a. 胆小的，羞怯的 Intimate a. 亲密的 Association1) tame

19、a.:(esp. of animals) not wild or fierce, either naturally or because of training驯化的a tame tiger 经过驯养的老虎2) dictate v:say words aloud for sb. else to write down听写tell sb. what to do, esp. in an annoying way 指令，规定TranslationThough he did not dictate, he went at a pace slow enough for the listeners to t

20、ake down a lot of what he said.尽管他不是口授，可是讲话的速度慢得足以让听众记下他讲的话。Conscience dictates truthfulness.良心促使人吐真言。dictation n. 听写，口述 3) humble a.:not proud 谦逊的，谦虚的not great or important 地位低下的，不显要的Collocationscientist positionapologybirthfarmhousehumble 谦虚的科学家 职位低下 鄙人的道歉 出身卑微 简陋的农舍4) slippery a.:一直下着雨，路上很滑。It ha

21、d been raining and the road was slippery.difficult to hold or stand on 滑的(infml.) not to be trusted 狡猾的，不可靠的TranslationAssociationslip (away) v. 滑倒；跌落，降低slipper n. 拖鞋(of a person) as slippery as an eel 像狐狸一样狡猾5) choke v.: Anger choked his words. become unable to speak说不出话来stop or partly stop breathi

22、ng窒息Translation 他气得说不出话来。 He grabbed her by the throat and almost choked the life out of her. 他抓住她的脖子，差点使她窒息而死。 choke (up) with: block or fill a passage, space, etc. so that movement is difficult Collocation During the rush hour, the road are usually choked up with traffic. 在交通高峰时刻，道路通常被堵塞。Translati

23、on6) supreme a.:以前中国的皇帝是国家的最高统治者。The former Emperor of China was the supreme ruler of his country. For me, dieting requires a supreme effort of will.对我来说，节食需要极大的毅力。highest in rank or position最高的，至上的highest in degree (程度上)最大的TranslationAssociation superior a. 较高的，较好的7) seal v:He sealed up a drawer so

24、 that it cannot be opened.他封住抽屉使它不能被打开。Make sure the parcel of examination scripts is properly sealed up.请确保试卷袋密封好了。close an entrance or a container with sth.密闭close an envelope, pack, etc.封，密封TranslationsealExamples of the key words1. Tom broke the glass on purpose.2. He was cast out of his home by

25、 his stepmother.3. a poor and solitary life4. tame a horse/ the shrew5. speak highly of the teacher/ the movie6. They set forth on their hike after breakfast.7. a humble man/ position/ job/ house8. They stayed up late to watch the football match. 9. eat the pie at one sitting10. the Supreme Court11.

26、 explain the plan at length12. The movie is boring. We might as well go home.Key words and phrases from SA 1. on purpose2. cast out3. solitary 4. speak highly/ill of5. set forth 6. stay up late7. at one setting 8. supreme9. at length10. might as well do 1. choose to do sth. (the title) determine or

27、decide to do 选定；拿定主意。 II Word UsingTranslationShe chose to study at Huaqiao University.More If you choose to be in my way, I will do sth. in return.Life is what you choose to make it. 2. on purpose (L5) intentionally; not by accident Translation她似乎是有意地做这些事以引起他的注意。KeyShe seems to do these things on p

28、urpose to attract his attention. 2. on purpose (L5) intentionally; not by accident Translatione.g. I came here on purpose to see you.Moreon special purpose.on good/ill purpose.on no purpose. 3. cast out (L6) to throw out , to expel. 驱逐；抛弃ExampleIn former times, criminals were often cast out and had

29、to live in the wild. Lin Zexu was cast out of the court and exiled to Xinjiang because of Opium-ban Campaign.be cast out of ones office. 被迫下台（下野）cast sb. out of the frontier. 驱逐出境。to cast out ones wife. 休妻4. solitary (L6) alone; lonely; without companions Collocation a solitary existence a poor and

30、solitary lifea solitary boat a solitary stroll 隐居生活 孤苦伶仃的生活 孤舟 独自徜徉 6. speak highly of (L11)express or have a high opinion of 赞扬；高度评价ExamplesThe students speak highly of their teacher.Dont speak ill of others. 说坏话Stop speaking hardly of her! After all, she is not that bad as you have imagined. 把说得很坏

31、 A broad-minded person never speaks evil of others. 诽谤Speak daggers/fair to sb. 恶语中伤/对彬彬有礼Speak down to sb. 居高临下对人讲话 7. to seek out (L11)to single out 找出；挑出To seek out easy work and shirk hard ones. 拈轻怕重。to single out.To single out one from among a hundred.To single out for praise/criticism.To singl

32、e out the truth and desert the false.To single out the cream and get rid of the dross. 吸取精华，剔除糟粕。 8. set forth (L14) start a journey; (formal) present sth. or make it known 动身；阐述Other usageExampleHe set forth on a three-month trip around the world. clarify, expound, illustrate.阐述to set forth facts a

33、nd reason things out.摆事实，讲道理。To set forth ones idea/ground/viewpoint. 10. at one sitting (L45)with one single effort /in one breath (move) (L. 45) 一口气地UsageNo one can grow fat at one sitting.人不可能一口吃成胖子。No success can be attained with one single effort. 成功不可能一蹴而就。 11. back up (L53)block up; support s

34、b. or sth. 阻塞；支持Translation The heavy rain backed up the sewers. He backed me up whole-heartedly in the election.Key 大雨把下水道堵塞了. 在选举中他全力支持我。 12. at length (L56) in great detail; at last. 详细地；最后。ExamplesTypical Dont discuss the project at excessive length. At length the bus arrived, forty minutes late

35、.The greatest romance I can imagine is to age all the way with you and pick up bits and pieces of joy for us to talk about at length in the easy- chair.One of the roles that science plays is that of casting out superstition. cast out: (lit.) get rid of; drive out or away; expel, esp. by using forceT

36、ranslation科学的作用之一就是消除迷信。I. Old to Newalone; lonelypoems in generalnot great or importanthighest in rank/degreefairnessstart a journeyblock up; supporthave a great liking forsolitarypoetryhumblesupremejusticeset forth/out/offback upbe fond ofII. Chinese to English独自地根据最近的统计一种民族弊病另一方面冒险出去征服大自然all by o

37、neselfby recent counta sort of national diseaseon the other handventure outtame nature独处带来的灵感对给予高度评价穿上外衣独处高士装满熬夜inspiration in solitudespeak highly ofput on ones coathigh priest of solitudefill upstay up late一口气地按自己的节奏摔倒在打滑的地板上每日不断发生的小小抱怨最高法院新来的法官极大的努力at one sittingat ones own pacefall on a slippery

38、 floorthe daily succession of small complaintsa new Supreme Court justicesupreme effort与某人争论某事花样滑冰选手保持理性安静下来；定居以自我为中心的暂时argue with sb. over sth. figure skaterstay rationalsettle downself-centeredfor the time being根据最近的统计故意赶出，驱逐是的特点赞扬，给予高度评价找出动身，启程蹑手蹑脚，偷偷离开4. Useful Expressions by recent counton purp

39、osecast outbe characteristic of speak highly of seek outset forth/off/outcreep away拉长，伸长熬夜一口气盛衰，起落一连串的唠叨，喋喋不休眼下，暂时不妨，最好做某事stretch outstay up lateat one settingrise and falla succession oftalk at lengthfor the time beingmight as wellIII ParaphraseHere we are, all by ourselves, all 22 million of us by

40、 recent count, alone in our rooms, some of usliking it that way and some of us not. (L1)According to the recent statistics, up to 22 million of us are living alone in our rooms; some like the solitary way of life and some dont like it.2. Some of us divorced, some widowed, some never yet committed. (

41、L2)Some of us live alone because of divorce, or because of the death of husband or wife, or because of being not yet married.5. Key and Difficult SentencesOn the other hand, to be alone on purpose, having rejected company rather than been cast out by it, is one characteristic of an American hero. (L

42、5)而另外一方面，故意选择独处，拒绝别人的陪伴而并非为同伴所抛弃，这正是美国式英雄的一个特点。On the other hand, the deliberate choice of solitude by refusing companions instead of being excluded by others is one special quality of an American hero. 3. Thoreau, alone in his cabin on the pond, his back deliberately turned to the town. Now, thats

43、character for you. (L8)Thoreau stayed alone in his cabin on the pond, being intentionally away from people in the town. Now this has become the lifestyle of ordinary people.4. Inspiration in solitude is a major commodity for poets and philosophers. Theyre all for it. (L10)Inspiration in solitude ist

44、he most useful thing for poets and philosophers. They are all in favor of it.If a persons sense of his own value and importance is strong, he is less likely to stay with others. On the contrary, if we think less of our own values and abilities and think us less important than others, we are more lik

45、ely to find unbearable the state of being alone and being discontented with staying all by ourselves. Then we want to stay with others.2) The larger the ego, the less the need for other egos around. The more modest and humble we feel, the more we suffer from solitude, feeling ourselves inadequate co

46、mpany. (L38)自我意识越强，就越不需要其他的人在周围。 我们越是感觉谦卑，就越受孤独的折磨，感到仅与自己相处是远远不够。adverbial clauseThe more learned a man is, the more modest he usually is. the more the more Translation一个人越有学问，就往往越谦虚。6. But when you live alone, the temporary absence of your friends and acquaintances leaves a vacuum; they may never c

47、ome back. (L47)But if you live alone and your friends and acquaintances leave for the time being, you will have the feeling of emptiness, and they may never come back.Its the daily series of our complaints and observations and views on various issues that stuffs us and makes us feel uneasy, filling

48、us with the desire to talk to others.但是日常生活中一系列的不满所看到和想到的琐事，却积压在那儿，塞满了我们的心。 3) Its the daily succession of small complaints and observations and opinions that backs up and chokes us. (L52)The cars backed up for miles. block upsupport sb. or sth.; say what sb. says, etc, is trueTranslation汽车堵塞，首尾相接长达

49、数英里。back up:他没有用事实来支持自己的论点。He doesnt back up his arguments with facts. 4) Its important to stop waiting and settle down and make ourselves comfortable, at least temporarily, and find some grace and pleasure in our condition, not like a self-centered British poet but like a patient princess sealed up

50、 in a tower, waiting for the happy ending to our fairy tale. (L65) Main Structure?Its important to the real subject:to stop waiting and settle down and make ourselves comfortable; to find some grace and pleasure“It” is a formal subject.attributive modifying princessattributive modifying princess重要的是

51、不再等待，而是安顿下来，使自己过得舒服，至少暂时应该是这样。要在我们自身的条件中发现一些优雅和乐趣，不要做一个以自我为中心的英国诗人，而要像一个被关在塔楼里的公主，耐心地等待着我们的童话故事有快乐的结局。 At least for the time being, the important thing for us solitary people to do is to stop meaningless waiting to get into a comfortable position and find some pleasant things in the solitude. We sho

52、uldnt live like a British poet who tends to think only about himself and turns a blind eye to the needs or feelings of other people; instead, we should behave like a princess of the fairy story who, in spite of the state of being shut up in a tower alone, still patiently waits for the arrival of a s

53、atisfactory ending.They sealed up the cracks in the window to stop the icy wind from blowing in. seal up: close a container tightly or fill a crack, etc.Translation他们封住窗户上的缝隙，阻挡冰冷的寒风。Sentence patterns used in the text for:1.Typical patterns for preference for doing sth.2. Typical patterns for explan

54、ation for doing sth.原句: Then, rather than trouble to put it in his own handwriting, he calls the girls to come back and write it down while he dictates. (L. 21)然而他并不自己费神将诗歌写下来，而是唤回女儿们，向她们口述，由她们写下来。 1. Typical patterns for preference for doing sth.:Rather than do sth., sb. does (would do) sth. else.

55、某人不愿意, 而愿意句型提炼应用：a. 与其天天游手好闲，你还不如为社会做点儿力所能及的事。Rather than idle along every day, you may as well do something within your ability for the society. Expressions & Patterns上一页下一页Expressions & Patterns应用：b. 他们不愿同床异梦，准备分道扬镳。Rather than share the same bed but hide different dreams, they are ready to part c

56、ompany with each other.上一页下一页原句: We admire him, not for his self-reliance, but because he was all by himself out there at Walden Pond, and he wanted to be. (L. 28)2. Typical patterns for explanation of doing sth.：我们钦佩他，并非因为他倡导自力更生精神，而是因为他孤身一人在瓦尔登湖畔生活，这是他自己想要这么做的。Sb. does sth., not for(短语), but becau

57、se (从句)某人做某事，并非因为, 而是因为 句型提炼应用：我爱慕你，并非因为你娇美的外表，而是因为你的到来给我的生活赋予了新的内涵。Expressions & PatternsI yearn for you, not for your charming looks, but because your arrival has invested my life with new meanings.1).诗人和哲学家都因能够独处而自视甚高，从独处中他们能获取灵感。 Poets and philosophers all speak highly of themselves for seeking

58、out solitude, from which they can draw inspiration. 读写教程 : Ex. , p. 42seek out solitudespeak highly of oneself 2. Translationdraw inspiration from solitude2).感觉谦卑的人往往易受孤独的折磨，感到仅仅与自己相处远远不够，渴望有人做伴。 A humble person tends to suffer from solitude, feeling himself inadequate company, longing for others to

59、 be around. suffer from solitudefeel himself inadequate companylong for others to be around 3). 那位寡居的老太太实在太孤独了，她会和在超市遇到的陌生人唠唠叨叨地说上老半天她的宠物。The widowed old lady was so lonely that she would talk at length to the strangers in the supermarket about her pets. the widowed old ladytalk at length about4).孤独

60、的感觉时起时落，但我们却永远需要与人交谈，把每日看到的想到的琐事向人倾诉。 The condition of loneliness rises and falls, but our need to talk goes on forever the need of telling someone the daily succession of small observations and opinions. rise and fallthe daily succession of small observations and opinions5). 对一个独居的人来说，重要的是保持理性，安顿下来