2023版高三英语主题语境复习方案新教案：第2部分 主题群2 子主题4　体育活动、(大型)体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神

1、 子主题(四)体育活动、(大型)体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神阅读理解A(2021全国乙卷A)The Biggest Stadiums in the WorldPeople have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.In around 80 AD., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the worlds best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design.Romes Colo

2、sseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50，000 people.However, that was small fry compared with the citys Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250，000 people.These days, safety regulationsnot to mention the modern sports fans desire for a good view and a comfortable seattend to ke

3、ep stadium capacities(容量)slightly lower.Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well

4、 as updated information from official stadium websites.All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang，D.P.R.Korea.Capacity：150，000.Opened：May 1，1989.Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, US.Capacity：107，

5、601.Opened：October 1, 1927.Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, US.Capacity：106，572.Opened：September 17, 1960.Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, US.Capacity：104，944.Opened：October 7, 1922.Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, US.Capacity：102，512.Opened：September 24，1927.1How many people could the C

6、ircus Maximus hold?A104，944.B107，601.CAbout 150，000.DAbout 250，000.2Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest?AMichigan Stadium.BBeaver Stadium.COhio Stadium.DKyle Field.3What do the listed stadiums have in common?AThey host big games.BThey have become tourist attractions.CThey were built by Am

7、ericans.DThey are favored by architects.【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了当今世界上最大的几座体育场。1D细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“However，that was small fry compared with the citys Circus Maximus，which accommodated around 250，000 people.”可知，Circus Maximus能容纳大约25万人。2C细节理解题。每一家体育场的开放时间：Michigan Stadium1927年，Beaver Stadium1960年，Ohio Stadium1922年

8、，Kyle Field1927年。由此可知，正确答案为C。3A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“All these stadiums are still functional，still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.”可知，这些体育场仍然开放，并且仍然举办世界体育界最大型的赛事。故选A。B(2020全国卷C)Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to

9、 fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straig

10、ht through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times. Its this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running,

11、 race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn ab

12、out 1, 000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr.Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4

13、 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runners knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sports strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want

14、to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了竞走这项运动的相关情况及其与跑步的不同之处。4Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?AThey must run

15、 long distances.BThey are qualified for the marathon.CThey have to follow special rules.DThey are good at swinging their legs.C推理判断题。由题干中的关键词conditioned athletes可将解题信息定位至第二段，根据该段中的“But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain

16、in contact (接触) with the ground at all times.” 可知，竞走运动的规则要求竞走者的膝关节在腿摆动时的大部分时间里伸直，同时一只脚保持与地面接触。据此可知，竞走者必须遵循一些特殊的运动规则，故C项正确。5What advantage does race walking have over running?AIts more popular at the Olympics.BIts less challenging physically.CIts more effective in body building.DIts less likely to ca

17、use knee injuries.D细节理解题。根据第五段中的“some of the injuries associated with running，such as runners knee，are uncommon among race walkers” 可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，如跑步者的膝盖(受伤)，在竞走者中并不常见。据此可知，竞走不太可能导致膝盖受伤，故D项正确。6What is Dr.Norbergs suggestion for someone trying race walking?AGetting experts opinions.BHaving a medical

18、checkup.CHiring an experienced coach.DDoing regular exercises.A细节理解题。根据第五段中的“anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique” 可知，Norberg博士建议任何希望尝试竞走的人或许应该首先咨询下教练或有经验的竞走者，以学习正确的技巧，故A项正确。7Which word best describes the authors atti

19、tude to race walking?ASkeptical.BObjective.CTolerant.DConservative.B观点态度题。根据全文内容可知，作者提到了竞走这项运动的好处，同时也指出了它的一些危害，态度是客观的，故B项正确。阅读七选五(2018全国卷 )If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 1 Working out in th

20、e morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit. Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 2 Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. 3 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calo

21、rie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep. 4 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited. 5 If you wor

22、k out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the morn

23、ings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.AYou will stick to your diet.BYour quality of sleep improves.CYou prefer healthy food to fast food.DThere is no reason you should exercise in the morning.EYou can keep your head clear for 410

24、 hours after exercise.FAfter you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.GIf you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up! 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。从工作效率、新陈代谢、睡眠质量和饮食习惯四个方面介绍了晨练给人们带来的好处。1G空后一句及接下来的段落是在讲晨练的好处，所以G项“如果你打算经常锻炼，或者你现在正在锻炼，那就注意听”符合语境。2E根据空处前两句(你

25、的工作效率提高了；锻炼会让你更清醒，并准备好应付一天中摆在你面前的一切)可知，此空应选E项“运动后你可以保持头脑清醒410个小时”。more awake与E项中的clear照应。3F由此空后的“getting . the whole day”与F项中的“burn calories throughout the day”一致可知，答案为F项“在你运动之后，你一整天都在消耗卡路里”。4B此空是本段的中心句，根据本段内容可知，本段主要讲了晨练对睡眠的益处，所以选B项“你的睡眠质量提高了”。空后一句中的“slept better”是关键信息。5A根据本段中的“healthy food”和“junk f

26、ood”与选项A中的diet有关可知，此空应选A项“你会坚持你的饮食(习惯)”。1conditioned adj. 符合条件的2straight adj. 直的3physically adv. 身体地4approximately adv. 大约；大概5considerable adv. 相当大地6swing v. 摆动7skeptical adj. 怀疑的8objective adj. 客观的9conservative adj. 保守的10productivity n. 生产力11energize v. 使充满活力12circus n露天圆形竞技场13slightly adv.略微，稍微14p

27、ermanent adj.永久的，长久的15functional adj.工作的；功能的1event n. 赛事；比赛2weight n. 重量3consult v. 请教4diet n. 饮食5remain v仍然是，保持6accommodate v容纳；供给住宿；使适应7rank v排列8state v规定，公布9praise v. 称赞10memory n. 记忆；记忆力11host v主办1calculate v. 计算；推算calculation n. 计算；推算2common adj. 常见的uncommon adj. 稀有的；非凡的3caution v. 警告 n. 告诫；谨慎c

28、autious adj. 小心的；谨慎的4effect n. 效果；作用effective adj. 有效的5tolerate v. 容忍tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的6peace n. 和平peaceful adj. 和平的7health n. 健康healthy adj. 健康的8regular adj. 经常的；有规律的regularly adv. 有规律地9regular adj.有规律的，定时的，经常的n.常客regularly adv.定期地；有规律地regulate v规定；调节；控制regulation n规则，法规10attract v吸引，引起的兴趣attrac

29、tive adj.吸引人的，有魅力的attraction n吸引力；具有吸引力的事物或人1as a result 结果2work out 锻炼；健身3prefer healthy food to fast food 喜欢健康食品而不喜欢快餐4pour into 涌向，涌入5compared with 与作比较6not to mention 更不用提7tend to do sth. 易于做某事；往往会做某事即时演练单句语法填空1Early to bed and early to rise makes a person healthy(health), wealthy and wise.2As f

30、or me, I prefer traveling by train to traveling by plane.3The building is regularly (regular)inspected by the firesafety officers.4Jenny nearly missed the flight as a result of doing too much shopping.5His book was praised(praise) to the skies by all his friends, but I did not like it at all.6He is

31、a very cautious(caution) man; he always thinks very carefully before he makes a decision. 7Film has a much shorter history, especially when it is compared to such art forms as music and painting.8They tend to buy (buy)more than what they really need by paying online.9We are willing to work with you

32、to bring about a hopeful opening towards a peaceful(peace) settlement.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)1However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. 沉重地走2Your metabolism gets a head start.领先；占优3People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.不断涌向/

33、涌进4In around 80 AD., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the worlds best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design.对有影响5All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.比赛项目，体育比赛.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)1Working out in the mo

34、rning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.译文晨练除了对身体健康有益之外，还能给我们提供额外的好处。2Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.译文锻炼会让你更加神清气爽，更好地应对一天当中发生的任何事情。3However, that was small fry compared with the citys Circus Maximus, which accommodated

35、 around 250，000 people.译文然而与这座城市的能空纳250 000左右的人的大赛马场比就显得无足轻重了。.复杂晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)1Its this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.分析本句是一个主从复合句。however前面的部分是says

36、的宾语从句，使用了强调句型，强调的this strange form是宾语从句的主语，an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass是Jaclyn Norberg的同位语。译文不过，马萨诸塞州塞勒姆州立大学运动科学助理教授贾克琳诺伯格说，正是这种奇特的形式使得竞走运动成为一项如此有魅力的运动。2According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would bu

37、rn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1，000 or more calories per hour.分析本句是一个主从复合句。句子的主句是race walkers would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour；moving at a pace of six miles

38、 per hour是现在分词短语作后置定语修饰race walkers；which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking是非限制性定语从句修饰先行词800 calories；although fewer than running是although让步状语从句的省略，其后是which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词running。译文根据大多数的计算结果，以时速6英里竞走的运动员，每小时会消耗大约800卡路里，这一数据虽然比跑步消耗的卡路里少，但却大约是步行时所消耗的卡路里的两倍，跑步每小时大约消耗1 000卡路里或更

39、多。3According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.分析本句是一个并列复合句。while连接两个并列分句，while后面的分句中who do not leave the ground为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ra

40、ce walkers。译文根据她的研究，奔跑者每一步都是用他们体重4倍的重量冲击地面，而竞走运动员，由于并没有离开地面，每走一步产生的重量大约只有他们体重的1.4倍。4For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.分析本

41、句是一个复合句。主句是we have used data，supplied by the World Atlas list so far是过去分词作后置定语修饰data, 定语从句which ranks them.修饰先行词list。译文对于世界上最大的体育场，我们使用了迄今为止世界地图集列表提供的数据，该列表根据它们所公布的固定容量进行排名，以及来自体育场官方网站的最新信息。1demand n. & v. 要求；需要；需求(1)in (great) demand 有(很大)需求；广受欢迎meet/satisfy ones demand(s) 满足某人的需求(2)demand sth. of/

42、from sb. 要求某人某事demand to do sth. 要求做某事demand that sb. (should) do sth. 要求某人做某事(3)demanding adj. 苛求的；费力的demand to know the truth 要求了解真相try our best to satisfy the customers demand(s) 我们尽力满足顾客的需求名师点津demand之后直接跟不定式，不能说demand sb. to do sth.。类似用法的动词还有：hope, refuse, agree等。基础练习单句语法填空The teacher came to th

43、e classroom and demanded to be told(tell) what was going on just now. This is a demanding(demand) job and a small mistake can make a great difference.The students demanded that the library (should) be(be) open at weekends.能力提升词汇升级普通表达：Mo Yans novels are needed greatly in this city since he won the N

44、obel Prize for literature.高级表达：Mo Yans novels are in great demand in this city since he won the Nobel Prize for literature.(demand n. )2attitude n态度；看法；姿态attitude to/towards . 对的态度/看法have/hold a positive/negative attitude to/towards . 对持肯定/否定的态度in a(n) . attitude 以的姿势have a positive attitude towards

45、 life 对生活持肯定态度take an optimistic attitude 采取一种乐观的态度in an easy attitude 舒适地基础练习单句语法填空The directors attitude towards/to this program will decide what we should do next.He sat in an attitude which to anyone would have been one of extreme discomfort. What is your attitude towards/to senior high students

46、 taking up a parttime job?能力提升完成句子我个人认为，他对他人和生活持这样的态度是完全错误的。Personally, it is completely wrong of him to be with such an attitude towards/to others and life3fit adj. 健康的；强健的；适合的；能胜任的 v适合；使(衣服)合身；使适应；使胜任 n适合；合身(1)keep/stay fit 保持健康be fit for 适合；胜任be fit (for sb.) to do 适合(某人)做(2)fit in (with) (与)相适应；

47、(与)相协调/符合fit on 试穿(3)fitness n. 健康(状况)；适合；胜任develop the sense of keeping fit 增强健身意识fit in with our plans 适合我们的计划have difficulty fitting in very soon 很难在短期内适应名师点津suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位、场合、颜色、款式等；match多指色彩、形状、性质等方面的搭配；fit多指大小、形状的合适。基础练习单句语法填空Its just an informal party, so its not fit for you to dress(

48、dress) like that.It is generally agreed that cycling contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness(fit)Amy joined a painting group but didnt seem to fit in, so she had to leave.能力提升完成句子我妹妹非常喜欢孩子，因此她非常适合幼儿园教师的工作。My sister loves children very much, so she is quite fit for the job as a kindergarten t

49、eacher.4stick v粘住；卡住 n. 手杖；棍棒(1)stick to 坚持；信守stick at 坚持不懈stick around 逗留stick out 伸出；突出(2)be/get stuck in被困在 be stuck with 被缠住无法摆脱stick to your dream of being admitted to a key university 坚持你上重点大学的梦想begin sticking around to chat 开始留下来聊天be stuck in the traffic jam 陷入交通堵塞基础练习单句语法填空I hated practising

50、 playing the piano, but I stuck to it and now I can play pretty well.I could see one end of the letter sticking out of Johns pocket.Will you help me with this mathematical problem? I am stuck with it.能力提升一句多译消防队员设法救出来一个被困在大火中的女孩。The firefighters managed to save a girl who/that was stuck in the big f

51、ire(定语从句)The firefighters managed to save a girl stuck in the big fire(分词短语作定语)联想发散表示“被困在”的短语还有：be/get caught in; be/get trapped in; be/get locked in; be/get blocked in等。5favour n恩惠；善意的行为；支持，赞成v.支持，赞成；偏爱；有利于(1)ask sb.a favour/ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙do a favour for sb./do sb.a favour给某人以恩惠；帮助某人in on

52、es favour有利于某人in favour of 支持，赞同；有利于(2)favourable adj.赞同的；有利的favourite adj.特别喜爱的n特别喜爱的东西strongly favour the reform of the election system 强烈支持对选举制度进行改革favour those who have made full preparations 偏爱那些做好充分准备的人be in favour of the new teaching method 赞同这种新的教学方法基础练习单句语法填空Im sure it is a good chance to p

53、erform your favourite (favour) music.Favourable (favour) policies are in effect to encourage employees professional development.This situation will play out in my favour.能力提升词汇升级普通表达：Id appreciate it if you could help me.高级表达：Id appreciate it if you could do me a favour/do a favour for me普通表达：All th

54、e people present at the meeting agree to the plan.高级表达：All the people present at the meeting are in favour of the plan.6trap v. 储存；留存；设陷阱捕捉；使陷入困境 n. 陷阱；圈套；诡计；埋伏(1)be/get trapped in 被困在trap o (doing) sth. 诱骗某人(做)某事(2)fall into/be caught in a trap 掉进陷阱；落入圈套set/lay a trap for 为设圈套be trapped in th

55、e burning house 被困在着火的房子里be trapped into accepting the terms of the contract 被诱骗接受这份合同的条款walk into the trap laid for him 走进为他设的陷阱基础练习单句语法填空Trapped(trap) in the thick snow, the truck couldnt move a bit.The shopkeeper trapped me into buying(buy) their poor quality milk.The relief team tried their best

56、 to rescue those miners trapped(trap) under the mine.能力提升一句多译因为被困在了电梯里，他上学迟到了。Because he was trapped in the lift, he was late for school.(状语从句)Trapped in the lift, he was late for school.(分词短语作状语)1According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 80

57、0 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking .根据大多数计算，以每小时六英里的速度移动的竞走者每小时会消耗大约800卡路里，这大约是他们走路燃烧的两倍句型公式twice as many as是倍数表达法，意为“是的两倍”。常见的倍数句型：(1).倍数asadj./adv.的原级as .(2).倍数adj./adv.的比较级than .(3).倍数the性质名词(size/length/width/height/depth .) of .名师点津表示“两倍”时用

58、twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词times”表达。句子中表示倍数也可以用分数、百分数、half等其他程度状语。基础练习单句语法填空The research shows that indoor air pollution is ten times greater(great) than outdoor pollution.This hill is four times the height of that small one.Its said that the power plant is now twice larger(large) than what it was bef

59、ore.能力提升一句多译我的农场已经扩展成了一个大农场，是原来的3倍大。My farm has expanded into a big one, which is three times as big as the previous one.(同级比较)My farm has expanded into a big one, which is three times bigger than the previous one.(比较级)My farm has expanded into a big one, which is three times the size of the previou

60、s one.(the名词of)2Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each；gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.即使是足球迷也有座位；成千上万的人站着观看比赛的日子一去不复返了。句型公式gone are the days of. 是表语前置的倒装句。表语前置的几种形式：(1)形容词作表语前置(2)分词作表语前置(3)介词短语作表语前置(4)as/though引导的让步倒装句n/ adj. as/though 主语系动词(5)so/ such位于句首的倒装句So adj.系动