职业大学英语Unit Eight

1、Unit EightText AText B能力分析训练Text AWhat is ERP? Enterprise resource planning software, or ERP, doesnt live up to its acronym. Forget about planning it doesnt do much of that and forget about resource, a throwaway term. But remember the enterprise part. This is ERPs true ambition. The software attempt

2、s to integrate all departments and functions across a company onto a single computer system that can serve all those departments particular needs. ERP vanquishes the old stand-alone computer systems in finance, HR, manufacturing and the warehouse, and replaces them with a single unified software pro

3、gram divided into software modules that roughly approximate the old stand-alone systems. Finance, manufacturing and the warehouse all still get their own software, except now the software is linked together so that someone in finance can look into the warehouse software to see if an order has been s

4、hipped. Most vendors ERP software is flexible enough that you can install some modules without buying the whole package. Many companies, for example, will install only an ERP finance or HR module and leave the rest of the functions for another day. ERPs best hope for demonstrating value is as a sort

5、 of battering ram for improving the way your company takes a customer order and processes that into an invoice and revenueotherwise known as the order fulfillment process. How can ERP improve a companys business performance? That is why ERP is often referred to as back-office software. It doesnt han

6、dle the up-front selling process; rather, ERP takes a customer order and provides a software road map for automating the different steps along the path to fulfilling the order. When a customer service representative enters a customer order into an ERP system, he has all the information necessary to

7、complete the order. People in these different departments all see the same information and can update it. When one department finishes with the orderit is automatically routed via the ERP system to the next department. To find out where the order is at any point, you need only log in to the ERP syst

8、em to track it down. With luck, the order process moves like a bolt of lightning through the organization, and customers get their orders faster and with fewer errors than before. ERP can apply that same magic to the other major business processes, such as employee benefits or financial reporting. C

9、ompanies that install ERP do not have an easy time of it. Dont be fooled when ERP vendors tell you about a three- or six-month average implementation time. Those short implementations all have a catch of one kind or another: The company was small, or the implementation was limited to a small area of

10、 the company, or the company used only the financial pieces of the ERP system. How long will an ERP project take? To do ERP right, the ways you do business will need to change and the ways people do their jobs will need to change too. And that kind of change doesnt come without pain. Unless, of cour

11、se, your ways of doing business are working extremely well, in which case there is no reason to even consider ERP. There are five major reasons why companies undertake ERP. Integrate financial information Integrate customer order information Standardize and speed up manufacturing processes Reduce in

12、ventory Standardize HR informationWhat will ERP fix in my business?Notes 1Building a single software program that serves the needs of people in finance as well as it does the people in human resources and in the warehouse is a tall order. 这里的Building a single software program that serves the needs o

13、f people in finance as well as it does the people in human resources and in the warehouse是句子的主语。 本句译为：只建立一个软件程序，同时满足财务人员、人力资源人员和库管人员的需求，这是一个很高的要求。 2But ERP combines them all together into a single, integrated software program that runs on a single database so that the various departments can more ea

14、sily share information and communicate with each other. “that run on”这个定语从句要译成原因状语，这样逻辑关系才说得清楚，译文才能通顺。 本句译为：但ERP要把它们组合为一个整合的软件程序。 由于运行的是单一数据库，不同部门可以更容易地共享信息并相互交流。 3ERPs best hope for demonstrating value is as a sort of battering ram for improving the way your company takes a customer order and proce

15、sses that into an invoice and revenueotherwise known as the order fulfillment process. 这里的demonstrating value的意思是“展示自身价值”；battering ram，原意是“攻城用的铁锤或木槌”，可以译为“强大的工具”；order fulfillment process为“订单履行过程”。 本句译为：ERP最希望展示的价值是发挥一种强大的工具作用，改进你公司接受客户订单并把它变成发货单和收入的方法（也可称为订单履行过程）。 4ERP systems can become the place

16、 where the customer order lives from the time a customer service representative receives it until the loading dock ships the merchandise and finance sends an invoice. 本句通俗地解释了ERP系统，说它可以提供一个平台用以实现客户订单，而where the customer order lives from the time a customer service representative receives it until th

17、e loading dock ships the merchandise and finance sends an invoice是一个定语从句。 本句译为：ERP系统可以提供一个平台用以实现客户订单从客户服务代表接受订单直到装货码头装运货物及财务部门开发票为止。 5In the race to fix these problems, companies often lose sight of the fact that ERP packages are nothing more than generic representations of the ways a typical compan

18、y does business. lose sight of“看不到，不知道”；nothing more than“仅仅”。 本句译为：在解决这一问题时，公司经常会看不到这样的事实：ERP软件包只不过是典型公司业务方法的一般展示。 Text B CRM stands for Customer Relationship Management. It is a strategy used to learn more about customers needs and behaviors in order to develop stronger relationships with them. Af

19、ter all, good customer relationships are at the heart of business success. There are many technological components to CRM, but thinking about CRM in primarily technological terms is a mistake. The more useful way to think about CRM is as a process that will help bring together lots of pieces of info

20、rmation about customers, sales, marketing effectiveness, responsiveness and market trends. The idea of CRM is that it helps businesses use technologies and human resources to gain insight into the behavior of customers and the value of those customers. If it works as hoped, a business can: What is t

21、he goal of CRM? provide better customer service make call centers more efficient cross sell products more effectively help sales staff close deals faster simplify marketing and sales processes discover new customers increase customer revenues It doesnt happen by simply buying software and installing

22、 it. For CRM to be truly effective, an organization must first decide what kind of customer information it is looking for and it must decide what it intends to do with that information. Next, the organization must look into all of the different ways information about customers comes into a business,

23、 where and how this data is stored and how it is currently used. That sounds rosy. How does it happen? Not really. But one way to assess the need for a CRM project is to count the channels a customer can use to access the company. The more channels you have, the greater need there is for the type of

24、 single centralized customer view a CRM system can provide. Are there any indications of the need for a CRM project? A recent survey of more than 1,600 business and IT professionals, conducted by The Data Warehousing Institute found that close to 50% had CRM project budgets of less than $500,000. Th

25、at would appear to indicate that CRM doesnt have to be a budget-buster. However, the same survey showed a handful of respondents with CRM project budgets of over $10 million. How long will it take to get CRM in place? How much does CRM cost? Responses to campaigns Shipping and fulfillment dates Sale

26、s and purchase data Account information Web registration data Service and support records Demographic data Web sales data What are some examples of the types of data CRM projects should be collecting? Break your CRM project down into manageable pieces by setting up pilot programs and short-term mile

27、stones. Make sure your CRM plans include a scalable architecture framework. What are the keys to successful CRM implantation? Dont underestimate how much data you might collect and make sure that if you need to expand systems youll be able to. Be thoughtful about what data is collected and stored. R

28、ecognize the individuality of customers and respond appropriately. A CRM system should, for example, have built-in pricing flexibility.Notes 1The more useful way to think about CRM is as a process that will help bring together lots of pieces of information about customers, sales, marketing effective

29、ness, responsiveness and market trends. 这里的不定式to think about CRM修饰way，as a process做表语，而that所引出的是定语从句修饰先行词process。 本句译为：更有用的方式是把CRM当做一个过程，这个过程有助于收集关于客户、销售、营销效力、响应率和市场趋势的信息。 2The idea of CRM is that it helps businesses use technology and human resources to gain insight into the behavior of customers a

30、nd the value of those customers. 这里的that引导的是一个表语从句，在该从句有一个词组，即help sb. do something“有助于某人做某事”。 本句译为：CRM的意图是帮助企业使用技术和人力资源来洞察客户的行为及客户的价值。 3That sounds rosy. 这里的rosy的意思是“玫瑰红色的，蔷薇色的”，但人们经常用它来表示充满希望。本句译为：听起来很不错。 4For example, if someone has a mortgage, a business loan, an IRA and a large commercial check

31、ing account with one bank, it behooves the bank to treat this person well each time it has any contact with them. 本句中使用了behoove 的典型句型：it behooves you to do something，其意义为you should do something because it is right or necessary or it will help you in some way，即“这样做是对的或有必要的，或对你是有帮助的”。 本句译为：例如，如果某人在一个银

32、行有抵押、商务借贷、个人退休账户及一大笔商业支票账户，则银行每次与这个人接触时都应该好好地接待他。 5Next, the organization must look into all of the different ways information about customers comes into a business, where and how this data is stored and how it is currently used. 这里look into后面有三个并列的宾语： （1）all of the different ways information about

33、customers comes into a business；（2）where and how this data is stored；（3）how it is currently used。 本句译为：其次，公司组织必须观察客户信息进入企业的各种方式，这些信息保存在哪里、是如何保存的，以及当前怎样使用的。 6The more channels you have, the greater need there is for the type of single centralized customer view a CRM system can provide. 这里的the more.，t

34、he more.表示“越越”，而a CRM system can provide是个定语从句省略了限定代词that/which。 例如，The more you pay, the more you will gain.你付出的越多，收获也将越多。 本句译为：你的渠道越多，对CRM系统能够提供的单一集中客户视角的需求就越大。ExercisesTrue or false 1CRM stands for Customer Relationship Management. 2Good customer relationships are not important to business succes

35、s. 3The idea of CRM is that it helps businesses use technology and human resources to gain insight into the behavior of sales and the value of those sales. 4One company, may interact with customers in a myriad of different ways including mail campaigns, Web sites, brick-and-mortar stores, call cente

36、rs, mobile sales force staff and marketing and advertising efforts. 5The more channels you have, the greater need there is for the type of single centralized customer view a CRM system can provide. 6The time it takes to put together a well-conceived CRM project depends on the flexibility of the proj

37、ect and its components. 7Data from The Data Warehousing Institute appear to indicate that CRM is a budget-buster. 8The biggest returns come from aligning business, CRM and IT strategies across all departments and not just leaving it for one group to run. 9One Fortune 500 company is on its fourth try

38、 at a CRM implementation, primarily because its sale force have embraced all the previous efforts to share customer data. 10Manufacturing is the industry that is behind the curve. 1 is a strategy used to learn more about customers n and b in order to develop stronger relationships with them. 2The mo

39、re useful way to think about CRM is as a p that will help bring together lots of pieces of information about c , sales, marketing e , r and market trends.Put in the missing information based on the text 3Many financial institutions keep track of customers life s in order to market appropriate bankin

40、g products like m or I to them at the right time to fit their needs. 4This collected data flows between o systems (like sales and i systems) and a systems that can help sort through these records for patterns. 5Company analysts can then comb through the data to obtain a h view of each customer and p

41、 areas where better services are needed. 6The time it takes to put together a well-conceived CRM project depends on the c of the project and its c . 7Make sure your CRM plans include a s a f . 8Recognize the i of customers and respond appropriately. A CRM system should have built-in pricing f . 9Poo

42、r c can lead to technology being implemented without proper support. 10As in most leading-edge technology i , the financial services and t industries set the p in CRM.能力分析训练Skills of UnderstandingSkills of Translation Skills of Business E-mail Writing Skills of Oral Language in Working Condition Ski

43、lls of Understanding英语阅读技巧（著名新东方英语培训中心）一、总体要求： （1）速度：60/minute （2）理解具体信息（main idea, best title） （3）理解文中概念性含义（concept） （4）相关推理判断和引申（infer） 注意：没有一个选项是因为它太接近原文而被淘汰，原意重现本身就是推理（5）根据上下文推测生词的含义（6）理解文章总体结构（7）理解作者的意图、观点和态度（8）区分论点和论据（例证题） （1）通读全文，抓住中心：首段原则（第一段非常重要）首末句原则 a文章论述的主要内容是什么？ b有没有作者的态度？ c有没有一些核心的概念？

44、（2）仔细审题，返回原文（搜索题干中的时间地点人物概念，然后去原文中对照找出相应的地方） （3）重复选项，得出答案（ 选一个选项要有选它的理由，不选一个选项要有不选它的理由）二、阅读的步骤：分三步走 （1）细节事实题。 标志：fact（from the fact we could learn）（we learn from the fact that）。 从两个方面返回原文：a.题干的时间、地点、人物、概念；b.四个选项的共同点。 在细节事实题中常见的迷惑手段有单词替换、常识判断、颠倒因果、偷换概念、扩大范围。三、几种题目的对策 （2）例证题。标志：example, illustration,

45、case, demonstrate。 返回原文找出该例证（定位）90%以上；10%向下搜索例证支持的观点，在四个选项中找出与所找到的观点最一致的一个作为正确答案。 （3）词汇题。 标志：在题干中明确指出原文中某处的单词或词组要求详细解释。 判断该词是否超出大纲，若未超出大纲则其常见意思必然不是正确答案，其正确答案是根据上下文推测出的一个深刻含义或生僻含义；若为超出大纲词或为大多数人不认识的单词，则其字面意思或常见意思就是正确答案。 怎样推测不认识的单词：以该词为中心，向上向下搜索同词性的单词，并将其替换，看意思是否通顺。 （4）句子理解题。标志：在题干中明确提出原文中某处的一个句子要求进行理解

46、。 返回原文找出该句，并对其意思进行精确理解，必要时进行语法分析。 正确答案是与原句意思最接近最一致的一个选项。其中不涉及任何推理过程。 尽管英语阅读有“精读”和“泛读”之分，然而，无论哪一种阅读，只有采取了正确的阅读策略，才能达到你的阅读目的。 一般来说，阅读目的不外乎分为这么几种：要么是为了了解文章的大意，或者掌握具体细节，要么是寻找某些问题的答案，或者是为了学习语言。 针对不同的阅读目的，你必须采取相应的阅读策略，只有这样才能真正做到有效的阅读。 如果你是为了了解文章的大意，建议你不妨首先研究一下文章标题，看看是否可以从中找到有用的信息；如果文章中还含有小标题的话，可以把它们结合起来加以

47、综合考虑。接着，你可以采用类似浏览的略读策略（skim），从主要部分（如文章的首段和尾段及每一段的首句和末句等）寻找关键内容，从而快速准确地把握文章大意。 为了及时把握文章细节，你可以运用寻读策略（scan）。 所谓“寻读”，就是要求你在阅读的时候，不过分强调对文章内容的整体理解。 只要按照文章顺序，跳跃式地寻找有关的具体内容加以阅读理解即可。 换句话说，就是只阅读你认为重要的细节部分，其他可以略过不读。 如果是为了寻找某些问题的答案，可以运用主题句（topic sentence）定位策略。 按照英语的习惯，通常一段话的首句即为这一段的主题句（当然，有时候主题句也可能是该段落的末句）。 针对问

48、题，找到相关的主题句，再对这一段加以仔细阅读、理解，以求找到问题的答案。 如果想要借助阅读来学习语言，由于这类阅读的目的超越了阅读的本质，一般可以运用“精读”学习时采用的单词和语法学习策略。 由此可见，正确的策略对于英语阅读的重要性。 从现在起，你可以根据不同的阅读目的，多做些相关训练，来培养自己采取正确阅读策略的能力。 要求学生在6分钟内完成下面的阅读理解及相关的选择题目 Networks are changing the way we do business and the way we live. Lets take a look at some of the network appli

49、cations in different fields:Exercises of Such Skill *Marketing and sales. Computer networks are used extensively in both marketing and sales organizations. Marketing professionals（专业人员）use them to collect, exchange, and analyze data relating to customer needs and product development cycles. Sales ap

50、plications include teleshopping, which uses order-entry computers or telephones connected to an order-processing network, and on-line reservation services for hotels, airlines, and so on. *Financial services. Todays financial services are totally dependent on computer networks. Applications include

51、credit searches, foreign exchanger and investment services, and electronic funds transfer (EFT), which allows a user to transfer money without going into a bank (an automated teller machine is a kind of electronic funds transfer; automatic paycheck deposit is another).*Manufacturing. Computer networ

52、ks are used today in many aspects of manufacturing, including the manufacturing process itself. Two applications that use networks to provide essential services are computer-assisted design (CAD) and computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM), both of which allow multiple users to work on a project simul

53、taneously. *Electronic messaging. Probably the most widely used network application is electronic mail (E-mail). *Directory services. Directory services allow lists of files to be stored in a central location to speed worldwide search operations. *Information services. Network information services i

54、nclude bulletin（公报，公告）boards and data banks. A World Wide Web site offering the technical specifications for a new product is an information service. *Electronic date interchange (EDI). EDI allows business information (including documents such as purchase orders, and invoices) to be transferred with

55、out using paper.*Teleconferencing. Teleconferencing allows conferences to occur without the participants being in the same place. Applications include simple text conferencing (where participants communicate through their keyboards and computer monitors), voice conferencing (where participants at a

56、number of locations communicate simultaneously over the phone), and video conferencing (where participants can see as well as talk to one another). Match the following terms to appropriate definition. （1）_teleshopping （2）_electronic funds transfer (EFT) （3）_computer-assisted design (CAD) （4）_compute

57、r-assisted manufacturing (CAM) （5）_electronic mail (E-mail) （6）_directory services (DS) （7）_information services （8）_electronic date interchange (EDI) （9）_teleconferencing （10）_bulletin boards AIt allows business information (including documents such as purchase orders, and invoices) to be transferr

58、ed without using paper. BIt is a network information service. CThey allow lists of files to be stored in a central location to speed worldwide search operations. DIt allows conferences to occur without the participants being in the same place. EOne type of the services is that a World Wide Web site

59、offering the technical specifications for a new product. FUse computer to make designs. Gthe most widely used network application HIt uses order-entry computers or telephones connected to an order-processing network, and on-line reservation services for hotels, airlines, and so on. IUse computer in

60、the process of manufacturing JIt allows a user to transfer money without going into a bank (an automated teller machine is a kind of electronic funds transfer; automatic paycheck deposit is another).Skills of Translation倍数的译法1倍数的增加 英语中表示倍数增加的句型一般有以下3种： （1）倍数+名词/代词 This new machine is three times the