化工原理附录

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业专心-专注-专业精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业附 录附录一 法定单位计量及单位换算1. 法定基本单位量的名称单位名称单位符号长度米m质量千克（公斤）kg时间秒s电流安培A热力学温度开尔文K物质的量摩尔mol光强度坎德拉cd2. 常用物理量及单位量的名称量的符号单位符号量的名称量的符号单位符号质量mkg黏度Pas力（重量）FN功、能、热W、E、QJ压强（压力）pPa功率PW密度kg/m33. 基本常数与单位名称符号数值重力加速度（标）波尔兹曼常数气体常数气体标准摩尔比容阿佛加德罗常数斯蒂芬-波尔兹曼常数光速（真空中）

2、gkRV0NAc9.80665 m/s21.3804410-25 J/K8.314 J/(molK)22.4136 m3/kmol6.022961023 mol-15.66910-8 W/(m2K4)2.108 m/s4. 单位换算（1）质量千克（kg）吨（t）磅（1b）10000.453614.53610-42204.621（2）长度米（m）英寸（in）英尺（ft）码（yd）0.304800.91441236130.333331（3）面积米2（m2）厘米2（cm2）英寸2（in2）英尺2（ft2）6.45160-40.92906.4516929.03011440.1注: 1平方公里100公顷

3、10，000公亩106平方米（4）容积米3（m3）升（L）英尺3（ft3）英加仑（UKgal）美加仑（USgal）0.028320.0.28.31614.54593.785310.160540.133686.228810.83277.480481.200951（5）流量米3/秒(m3/s)升/秒（l/s）米3/时（m3/h）美加仑/分（USgal/min）英尺3/小时（ft3/h）英尺3/秒(ft3/s)6.30910-57.86610-60.028320.063097.86610-328.320.22710.02832101.9410.12468448.88.021136000.2.7881

4、0-41（6）力（重量）牛顿（N）公斤（kgf）磅（lb）达因（dyn）磅达（pdl）4.44810-30.13830.45361.0210-60.0141012.248X10-60.03310444.81382532.170.723310-41（7）密度千克/米3（Kg/ m3）克/厘米3(g/ cm3)磅/英尺3(lb/ ft3)磅/加仑(lb/ USgal)16.02119.80.016020.119817.4810.13371（8）压强帕（Pa）巴（bar）公斤(力)/厘米2（kgf/cm2）磅/英寸2（lb/in2）标准大气压（atm）水银柱水柱毫米（mm）英寸（in）米（m）英寸(

5、in)1059.80710468951.01331051.3331053.3861059798248.910.98070.068951.01331.3330.033860.097980.1.019710.070311.03321.3600.034530.099910.14.5014.22114.719.340.49121.4210.036090.98690.96780.0680411.3160.033420.096700.750.0735.551.71760100025.4073.491.86729.5328.962.03629.9239.3712.8930.0734910.19710.010

6、.703710.3413.610.345610.0254401.8394.027.70407.2535.6713.6139.371注：有时“巴”亦指1达因/厘米2，即相当于表中之1/106（亦称“巴利”）；1公斤(力)/厘米2=98100牛顿/米2。毫米水银柱亦称“托”（Torr）。（9）动力黏度（通称黏度）帕秒（Pas）泊（P）厘泊（cP）千克/(米秒)kg/(ms)千克/（米时）kg/(mh)磅/（英尺秒）lb/(fts)公斤(力) 秒/米2（kgfs/m2）0.110-312.77810-41.48819.8110.01102.77810-314.88198.1100110000.277

7、81488.198100.10.00112.77810-41.48819.813603.63600153570.3531050.067206.72010-40.67201.866710-416.590.01020.10210-30.1020.28310-40.15191（10）运动黏度米2/秒（m2/s）沲（斯托克）厘米2/秒（cm2/s）米2/时（m2/h）英尺2/秒（ft2/s）英尺2/时（ft2/h）10-42.77810-49.2910-20.258110-412.778929.00.25810.3601334.50.09291.07610-32.99010-312.77810-43.

8、87510.7636001注：1厘沲0.01沲（11） 能量（功）焦（J）公斤（力）米（kgfm）千瓦时（kWh）马力时千卡（kcal）英热单位（Btu）英尺磅（ftlb）9.80673.6X1062.685 1064.1868 1031.055 1031.355813.671 105273.8 103426.9107.580.13832.72410-610.74571.1622 10-32.930 10-40.3766 10-63.653 10-61.341011.5576 10-33.926 10-40.5051 10-62.342X10-3860.0641.3310.25203.239X

9、10-49.296 10-3341325443.96811.285 10-37.2332.655 1061.981 1063087778.11注：1 尔格1 达因厘米= 10-7 焦（12）功率瓦（W）千瓦（kW）公斤（力）米/秒（kgfm/s）英尺磅/秒（ftlb/s）马力千卡/秒（kcal/s）英热单位/秒（Btu/s）1039.80671.3558745.694186105510.0.0.745694.18601.0550101.9710.1382576.0375426.85107.58735.567.2331415503087.44778.1681.34100.013150.15.61

10、351.41480.23890.0.0.1780310.0.94860.0.0.706753.96831（13）比热容焦/（克）J/(g)千卡/（公斤）kcal/(kg)英热单位/(磅F)Btu/(lbF)14.1860.238910.23891（14）导热系数瓦/（米开）W/(mK)焦/（厘米秒）J/(cms)卡/（厘米秒）cal/cms千卡/（米时）kcal/(mh)英热单位/（英尺时F）Btu/(fthF)102418.61.1631.7314.1860.11630.017300.238910.0.86.0036011.48857.79241.90.67201（15）传热系数瓦/米2开W

11、/(m2K)千卡/(米2时)kcal/(m2h)卡/(厘米2秒cal/(cm2s)英热单位/英尺2时FBtu/(ft2hF)1.1634.1861045.67813.61044.8822.77810-511.356210-40.204873741（16）分子扩散系数米2/秒(m2/s)厘米2/秒(cm2/s)米2/秒(m2/s)英尺2/小时（ft2/h）英寸2/秒(in2/s)10-42.77810-40.258110-46.452 10-412.7780.25816.4520.36010.092902.3233.87510.764125.0000.15500.43060.0401（17）表面

12、张力牛/米（N/m）达因/厘米(dyn/cm)克/厘米（g/cm）公斤（力）/米（kgf/m）磅/英尺(lb/ft)10-30.98079.80714.5921980.79807145920.11014.881.02010-40.111.4886.85410-50.067200.67201附录二 常用数据表1. 水的物理性质温度t压力p105密度焓I比热cp10-3导热系数102导温系数a107粘度105运动粘度106体积膨胀系数104表面张力103普兰特数Pr()(Pa)(kg/m3)(J/kg)J/(kgK)W/(mK)(m2/s)(Pas)(m2/s)(1/K)(N/m2)0102030

13、4050607080901001101201301401501601701801.011.011.011.011.011.011.011.011.011.011.011.431.992.703.624.766.187.9210.03999.9999.7998.2995.7992.2988.1983.2977.8971.8965.3958.4951.0943.1934.8926.1917.0907.4897.3886.9042.0483.90125.69165.71209.30211.12292.99334.94376.98419.19461.34503.67546.38589.08632.20

14、675.33719.29763.254.2124.1914.1834.1744.1744.1744.1787.1674.1954.2084.2204.2334.2504.2664.2874.3124.3464.3794.41755.0857.4159.8561.7163.3364.7365.8966.7067.4067.9868.2168.4468.5668.5668.4468.3368.2167.8667.401.311.371.431.491.531.571.611.631.661.681.691.701.711.721.731.731.731.731.72178.78130.53100.

15、4280.1265.3254.9246.9840.0635.5031.4828.2425.8923.7321.7720.1018.6317.3616.2815.301.7891.3061.0060.8050.6590.5560.4780.4150.3650.3260.2950.2720.2520.2330.2170.2030.1910.1810.173-0.63+0.701.823.213.874.495.115.706.326.957.528.088.649.179.7210.310.711.311.975.6174.1472.6771.2069.6367.6766.2064.3362.57

16、60.7158.8456.8854.8252.8650.7048.6446.5844.3342.2713.679.527.025.424.313.542.982.552.211.951.751.601.471.361.261.171.101.051.002. 水在不同温度下的粘度温度()粘度(mPas)温度()粘度(mPas)温度()粘度(mPas)0123456789101112131415161718192020.22122232425262728293031321.79211.73131.67281.61911.56741.51881.47281.42841.38601.34621.30

17、771.27131.23631.20281.17091.14031.11101.08281.05591.02991.00501.00000.98100.95790.93590.91420.89730.87370.85450.83600.81800.80070.78400.7679333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465660.75230.73710.72250.70850.69470.68140.66850.65600.64390.63210.62070.60970.59880.58830.57820.

18、56930.55880.54940.54040.53150.52290.51460.50640.49850.49070.48320.47590.46880.46180.45500.44630.44180.43550.42936768697071727374757677787980818283848586878889909192939495969798991000.42230.41740.41170.40610.40060.39520.39000.38490.37990.37500.37020.36550.36100.35650.35210.34780.34360.33950.33550.331

19、50.32760.32390.32020.31650.31300.30950.30600.30270.29940.29620.29300.28990.28680.28383. 干空气的物理性质（p=0.101 MPa）温度t（）密度（kg/m3）比热容cp10-3（Jkg-1K-1）导热系数103（W/mK）导温系数a105（m2/s）粘度105（Pas）运动粘度105（m2/s）普兰特数Pr-50-40-30-20-101.5841.5151.4531.3951.3421.0131.0131.0131.0091.0092.3042.1152.1962.2782.3591.271.381.49

20、1.621.741.461.521.571.621.679.2310.0410.8011.6012.430.7280.7280.7230.7160.712010201.2931.2471.2051.0051.0051.0052.4402.5102.5911.882.012.141.721.771.8113.2814.1615.060.7070.7050.70330401.1651.1281.0051.0052.6732.7542.292.431.851.9116.0016.960.7010.69950607080901.0931.0601.0291.0000.9721.0051.0051.00

21、91.0091.0092.8242.8932.9633.0443.1262.572.722.863.023.191.962.012.062.112.1517.9518.9720.0221.0922.100.6980.6960.6940.6920.6901001201401601800.9460.8980.8540.8150.7791.0091.0091.0131.0171.0223.2073.3353.1863.6373.7773.363.684.034.394.752.192.292.372.452.5323.1325.4527.8030.0932.490.6880.6860.6840.68

22、20.6812002503003504000.7460.6740.6150.5560.5241.0261.0381.0471.0591.0683.9284.6254.6024.9045.2065.146.107.168.199.312.602.742.973.143.3134.8540.6148.3355.4663.090.6800.6770.6740.6760.6785006007008009000.4560.4040.3620.3290.3011.0931.1141.1351.1561.1725.7406.2176.7007.1707.62311.5313.8316.3418.8821.6

23、23.623.914.184.434.6779.3896.89115.4134.8155.10.6870.6990.7060.7130.7171000110012000.2770.2570.2391.1851.1971.2108.0648.4949.14524.5927.6331.654.905.125.35177.1199.3233.70.7190.7220.7244. 饱和水蒸气表（以温度为准）温度t（）压强p（kgf/cm2）蒸气的比容cp（m3/kg）蒸气的密度（kg/m3）焓I （kJ/kg）汽化热r（kJ/kg）液体蒸气051015200.00620.00890.01250.017

24、40.0238206.5147.1106.477.957.80.004840.006800.009400.012830.01719020.9441.8762.8183.742491.32500.92510.52520.62530.12491.32480.02468.62457.82446.325303540450.03230.04330.05730.07520.099743.4032.9325.2519.5515.280.023040.030360.039600.051140.06543104.68125.60146.55167.47188.422538.62549.52559.12568.7

25、2577.92433.92423.72412.62401.12389.550556065700.12580.16050.20310.25500.317712.0549.5897.6876.2095.0520.08300.10430.13010.16110.1979209.34230.29251.21272.16293.082587.62596.82606.32615.62624.42378.12366.52355.12343.42331.275808590950.3930.4830.5900.7150.8624.1393.4142.8322.3651.9850.24160.29290.3531

26、0.42290.5039314.03334.94355.90376.81397.772629.72642.42651.22660.02668.82315.72307.32295.32283.12271.01001051101151201.0331.2321.4611.7242.0251.6751.4211.2121.0380.8930.59700.70360.82540.96351.1199418.68439.64460.97481.51503.672677.22685.12693.52702.52708.92258.42245.52232.42221.02205.21251301351401

27、452.3672.7553.1923.6854.2380.77150.66930.58310.50960.44691.2961.4941.7151.9622.238523.38546.38565.25589.08607.122716.52723.92731.22737.82744.62193.12177.62166.02148.72137.51501601701804.8556.3038.08010.230.39330.30750.24310.19442.5433.2524.1135.145632.21675.75719.29763.252750.72762.92773.32782.62118

28、.52087.12054.02019.35. 饱和水蒸气表（以压强为准）压强p(Pa)温度t()蒸气的比容cp(m3/kg)蒸气的密度(kg/m3)焓I (kJ/kg)汽化热r(kJ/kg)液体蒸气100015002000250030006.312.517.020.923.5129.3788.2667.2954.4745.520.007730.011330.014860.018360.0217926.4852.2671.2187.4598.382503.12515.32524.22531.82536.82476.82463.02452.92444.32438.43500400045005000

29、600026.128.730.832.435.639.4534.8833.0628.2723.810.025230.028670.032050.035370.04200109.30120.23129.00135.69149.062541.82546.82550.92554.02560.12432.52426.62421.92418.32411.070008000900011041.5 10438.841.343.345.353.320.5618.1316.2414.7110.040.048640.055140.061560.067980.09956162.44172.73181.16189.5

30、9224.032566.32571.02574.82578.52594.02403.82398.22393.62388.92370.0210431044 1045 1046 10460.166.575.081.285.67.655.244.003.252.740.130680.190930.249750.307990.36514251.51288.77315.93339.80358.212606.42622.42634.42644.32652.12354.92333.72312.22304.52293.971048 1049 10411051.2 10589.993.296.499.6104.

31、52.372.091.871.701.430.422290.478070.533840.589610.69868376.61390.08403.49416.90437.512659.82665.32670.82676.32684.32283.22275.32267.42259.52246.81.4 1051.6 1051.8 1052 1052.5 105109.2113.0116.6120.2127.21.241.210.9880.8870.7190.807580.829811.02091.12731.3904560.38583.76603.61622.42639.592692.12698.

32、12703.72709.22719.72234.42224.22214.32204.62185.43 1053.5X1054 1054.5 1055 105133.3138.8143.4147.7151.70.6060.5240.4630.4140.3751.65011.90742.16182.41522.6673560.38583.76603.61622.42639.592728.52736.12742.12747.82752.82168.12152.32138.52125.42113.26 1057 1058 10599 10510 105158.7164.7170.4175.1179.9

33、0.3160.2730.2400.2150.1943.16863.66574.16144.65255.1432670.22696.27720.96741.82762.682761.42767.82737.72778.12782.52091.12071.52052.72036.22019.7附录三 常见气体、液体和固体的重要物理性质1. 常见气体的重要物理性质（p=0.101 MPa）名称分子式密度(标态)(kg/m3)定压比热容(标态)(kJ/kgK)黏度(标态)(10-5 Pas)沸点()汽化潜热(kJ/kg)导热系数(标态)(W/mK)空气1.2931.0091.731951970.024

34、4氧气O21.4290.6532.03132.982130.0240氮气N21.2510.7451.70195.78199.20.0228氢气H20.089910.130.842252.75454.20.163氦气He0.17853.181.88268.9519.50.144氩气Ar1.78200.3222.09185.871630.0173氯气Cl23.2170.3551.2933.83050.0072氨气NH30.7110.670.91833.413730.0215一氧化碳CO1.2500.7541.66191.482110.0226二氧化碳CO21.9760.6531.3778.2574

35、0.0137二氧化硫SO22.9270.5021.1710.83940.0077二氧化氮NO20.61521.27120.0400硫化氢H2S1.5390.8041.16660.25480.0131甲烷CH40.7171.701.03161.585110.0300乙烷C2H61.3571.440.85088.504860.0180丙烷C3H82.0201.650.79542.14270.0148正丁烷C4H102.6731.730.8100.53860.0135正戊烷C5H121.570.87436.081510.0128乙烯C2H41.2611.2220.935103.94810.0164丙

36、烯C3H61.9141.4360.83547.7440乙炔C2H21.1711.3520.93583.668290.0184一氯甲烷CH3Cl2.3080.5820.98924.14060.0085苯C6H61.1390.7280.23940.00882. 某些液体的重要物理性质（p=0.101 MPa）名称分子式密度(kg/m3)沸点()汽化潜热(kJ/kg)定压比热容(kJkg-1K-1)黏度(10-3 Pas)导热系数(Wm-1K-1)体积膨胀系数（10-4 /）表面张力(mN/m)水H2O998.310022584.1841.0050.5991.8272.825%的氯化钠溶液1186(

37、25 )1073.392.30.57(30 )(4.4)25%的氯化钙溶液12281072.892.50.57(3.4)硫酸H2SO41834340(分解)1.47230.385.7硝酸HNO3151286481.11.17(10 )12.4盐酸HCl11492.552(31.5 %)0.42乙醇C2H5 OH789.278.3719122.471.170.184411.022.27甲醇CH3OH791.364.6511092.500.59450.210811.922.70氯仿CHCl3149061.2253.70.9920.580.138(30 )12.828.5(10 )四氯化碳CCl41

38、59476.81950.8501.00.1212.226.81,2-二氯乙烷C2H4Cl2125383.63241.2600.830.14(50 )30.8苯C7H887980.20393.91.7040.7370.14812.428.6甲苯C6H6866110.633631.700.6750.13810.827.93. 常用固体材料的物理性质（常态）名称密度（kg/ m3）导热系数(W/m K)比热kJ/(kgK)名称密度（kg/ m3）导热系数(W/m K)比热kJ/(kgK)（金属）钢785045.30.46黄铜860085.50.38不锈钢790017.00.50铝2670203.50

39、.92铸铁722062.80.50镍900058.20.46铜8800383.80.41铅1140034.90.13青铜800064.60.38钛454015.240.527(25)（2）塑料酚醛125013000.130.261.31.7低压聚乙烯9400.292.6脲醛140015000.301.31.7高压聚乙烯9200.262.2聚氯乙稀138014000.161.8有机玻璃118011900.140.20聚苯乙烯105010700.081.3（3）建筑、绝热、耐酸材料等干砂150017000.450.580.8软木1003000.0410.0640.96粘土160018000.470

40、.54石棉板7000.110.816锅炉炉渣70011000.190.30石棉水泥板160019000.35粘土砖160019000.470.680.92玻璃25000.740.67耐火砖18401.050.961.0耐酸陶瓷制品220023000.932.00.750.80多孔绝热砖60014000.160.37耐酸搪瓷230027000.991.040.841.26混凝土200024001.31.550.84橡胶12000.161.38松木5006000.070.112.72冰9002.32.11附录四 一些气体溶于水的亨利系数气体温度 ()051015202530354045506070

41、8090100E10-6 （kPa）H25.876.166.446.706.927.167.397.527.617.707.757.757.717.657.617.55N25.356.056.777.488.158.769.369.9810.511.011.412.212.712.812.812.8空气4.384.945.566.156.737.307.818.348.829.239.5910.210.610.810.910.8CO3.574.014.484.955.435.886.286.687.057.397.718.828.578.578.578.57O22.582.953.313.69

42、4.064.444.815.145.425.705.966.376.726.967.087.10CH42.272.623.013.413.814.184.554.925.275.585.856.346.756.917.017.10NO1.711.962.212.452.672.913.143.353.573.773.954.244.444.544.584.60C2H61.281.571.922.902.663.063.473.884.295.075.075.726.316.706.967.01E10-5 （kPa）C2H45.596.627.789.0710.311.612.9N2O1.191

43、.431.682.012.282.623.06CO20.7380.8881.051.241.441.661.882.122.362.602.873.46C2H20.730.850.971.091.231.351.48Cl20.2720.3340.3990.4610.5370.6040.6690.740.800.860.900.970.990.970.96H2S0.2720.3190.3720.4180.4890.5520.6170.6860.7550.8250.6891.041.211.371.461.50E10-4 （kPa）SO20.1670.2030.2450.2940.3550.413

44、0.4850.5670.6610.7630.8711.111.391.702.01附录五 某些二元物系的气液平衡组成1. 乙醇水（p = 0.101 MPa）乙醇在液相组成（%）乙醇在气相组成（%）沸点（）乙醇在液相组成（%）乙醇在气相组成（%）沸点（）质量分数摩尔分数质量分数摩尔分数质量分数摩尔分数质量分数摩尔分数0246810121416182022242628303234363840424446480.000.791.612.343.294.165.075.986.867.958.929.9311.0012.0813.1914.3515.5516.7718.0319.3420.6822.

45、0723.5125.0026.53019.733.341.047.652.255.858.861.163.265.066.668.069.370.371.372.172.973.574.074.675.175.676.176.50.008.7616.3421.4526.2129.9233.0635.8338.0640.1842.0943.8245.4146.9048.0849.3050.2751.2752.0452.6853.4654.1254.8055.4856.03100.097.6595.894.1592.6091.3090.5089.2088.3087.7087.0086.4085.9

46、585.4085.0084.7084.3083.8583.7083.4083.1082.6582.5082.3582.15505254565860626466687072747678808284868890929495.5728.1229.8031.4733.2435.0936.9838.9541.0243.1745.4147.7450.1652.6855.3458.1161.0264.0567.2770.6374.1577.8881.8385.9789.4177.077.578.078.579.079.580.080.581.081.682.182.883.484.184.985.886.7

47、87.788.990.191.392.794.295.5756.7157.4158.1158.7859.5560.2961.0261.6162.5263.4364.2165.3466.2867.4268.7670.2971.8673.6175.8278.0080.4283.2686.4089.4181.981.781.581.381.281.080.8580.6580.5080.4080.2080.0079.8579.7279.6579.5079.3079.1078.8578.6578.5078.3078.2078.152. 苯甲苯（p=0.101 MPa）苯 （mol%）温度（）苯 （mol

48、%）温度（）液相中气相中液相中气相中0.08.820.030.039.748.90.021.237.050.061.871.0110.6106.1102.298.695.292.159.270.080.390.395.0100.078.985.391.495.797.9100.089.486.884.482.381.280.23. 氯仿苯（p=0.101 MPa）氯仿（质量分数）温度()氯仿（质量分数）温度()液相中气相中液相中气相中102030405013.627.240.653.065.079.979.078.177.276.06070809075.083.090.096.174.672.

49、870.567.04. 水醋酸（p=0.101 MPa）水（mol %）温度()水（mol %）温度()液相中气相中液相中气相中0.027.045.558.869.076.90.039.456.570.779.084.5118.2108.2105.3103.8102.8101.983.388.693.096.8100.088.691.995.097.7100.0101.3100.9100.5100.2100.05. 甲醇水（p=0.101 MPa）甲醇（mol %）温度()甲醇（mol %）温度()液相中气相中液相中气相中5.317.679.2612.5713.1516.7418.1820.8

50、323.1928.1828.3440.0143.5348.3154.5555.8557.7562.7364.8567.7592.990.388.986.685.083.282.381.680.278.029.0933.3335.1346.2052.9259.3768.4977.0187.4168.0169.1873.4777.5679.7181.8384.9289.6291.9477.876.776.273.872.771.370.068.066.9附录六 乙醇水溶液的一些性质1. 乙醇溶液的物理常数（摘要）（p=0.101MPa）温度(15)比重(15)沸点（）定压比热容cpkJ/(kgK)焓（kJ/kg）容积（%）重量（%）饱和液体焓干饱和蒸气焓汽化潜热1012141618202224262830323438408.059.6911.3312.9714.6216.2817.9519.6221.3024.9924.6926.4028.133