2018年专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词-章振邦语法书页数标注

1、Subjunctivemood(P122,p.129.P143动词过去完成体P181-190,395)条件句“IwonderedifIcouldhaveawordwithyou.”ThepasttenseinthesentencereferstoaB.(p128)2017pasteventforexacttimereferencepresenteventfortentativenesspresenteventforuncertaintypasteventforpolitenessV.inspecificcontexts,thesimplepastcanalsodenotethepresento

2、rthefuturetime.Therearetwouses.Oneisknownastheattitudinalpast(属于“表态性过去时”(attitudinalpast),即表示说话人当前的试探性态度,而非过去时间,多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词),thatis,thepasttenseisassociatedwiththepresenttimeinindependentclausesexpressingaquestion,requestorsuggestion.Itseffectistomakethequestion/request/suggestionlessdirect,impl

3、yingapolite,somewhattentativeattitude试探性态度，婉转语气onthepartofthespeaker.A:Didyouwantme?Yes,Iwonderedifyoucouldgivemesomehelp.Want,wonder,think,hopeTheotheriswhatwecallthehypotheticalpast.Thesimplepastrefersnottoafactbuttoanon-fact,andistypicallyfoundinthat-clausesfollowingsuchconstructionsasItstimeIwis

4、hIdratherSupposeAsif15“IfIwereyou,Iwouldntwaittoproposetoher”ThesubjunctivemoodinthesentenceisusedtoD.183alleviatehostilityB.expressunfavorablefeelingsindicateuncertaintyD.makeasuggestionWere-subjunctivehasonlyonformwere,whichappliestosubjectsofallpersons,ishypotheticalorunrealinmeaningIf,ifonly,asi

5、f,asthough,though,Wish,wouldrather,suppose,imagine,Asitwere(sotospeak)宛如，好比54.Ifonlythepatientadifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.P1862007hadreceivedB.receivedC.shouldreceiveD.werereceiving正确答案为A).fonly引导的虚拟语气,解释为”要是该多好啊!”.与现在的事实相反的则ifonly后接过去式did,和过去事实相反的则接过去完成时ha

6、ddone.这里是说要是这个病人接受了不同的治疗方式(其实那个时候并没有接受),与过去事实相反用过去完成时.句意:如果那个病人不使用抗生素而是采用其他疗法,他现在可能还活着呢.51.IfonlyIplaytheguitaraswellasyou!2006P186P192AwouldBcouldCshouldDmight52.正确答案为B).could表示能够,是一种一般能力.表示具体能力用beabletop.192Ifonly引导的虚拟语气，表示”要是该多好啊!”.句意:要是我能像你那样把吉他弹得那么好该多好啊!3.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicit

7、or,heabletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(2005年51题)2015A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.wereIfyouexplainedthesituationtoyourlawyer,heabletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(2015)(395/381)2005A.willbewasC.hadntbeenD.wouldntbewouldbewere译文如果你把情况向你的事务律师说明，他会比我更能给你提出好的建议。考点虚拟语气。本句条件从句中的谓语动词用了过去式explained，但这是复合时态形

8、式，主句说明其内容与现在/将来的情况相反所以主句谓语应该由would+动词原形构成。B,C不用于虚拟语气；Dwere只用于表虚拟的条件句中。9_ifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand?（2004年44题）A.WouldyoubesurprisedB.WereyousurprisedC.HadyoubeensurprisedD.Wouldyouhavebeensurprised44答案：A参考译文：如果昨天没有提前通知你，我就来了，你会觉得奇怪吗？试题分析：本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。详细解答：这是一个错综时间条件句。条件从句表

9、示的动作和主句表示的动作，发生的时间是不一致的，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。10Allofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreifthere_quitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.（2000年49题）A.werentB.hasntbeen解析考点：虚拟语气。由于主句中使用了wouldhavedone,即表示与过去事实相反那么从句中相应地使用haddone。译文若不是那丿儿人太多，我们在聚会上都会玩得更尽兴的。11.Ifyourcar_anyattentionduringthefirst12months,takeittoanauthori

10、zeddealer.（1998年43题）A.shallneedB.shouldneedC.wouldneedD.willneed情态动词。should可以表示语气较强的假设，出现在if从句中或用于省略了if的条件句句首位置上。例如：aIfyoushouldchangeyourmind，pleaseletusknowbShouldyoubeinterested，Ihaveabookonthesubjectyoumightliketoseeshould的这一用法经常出现在商务信函中，表示“万一”、“假若”。shall有类似用法，用于if、when等引导的从句中，表示将来的可能性，不过语气太强。例如

11、：cIfyoushalleverchangeyouropinion，cometomeagainshould如果用在以if和incase引导的从句中则表示某事不太可能发生有时在这种句子中主语和should可以倒装，把should放在句首。译文如果你购买的车子在最初12个月内出现问题，请与授权经销商交涉。12.,Iwillmarryhimallthesame.（2004年42题）票A.WasherichorpoorC.WereherichorpoorWhetherrichorpoorBeherichorpoorwhethersheberightorwrong,shewillhavemyunswer

12、bingsupport.表让步里，be用于虚拟语气句，引导一个（选择性）让步状语从句，相当于whetherheberichorpoor。由于whether省略，这时be需要提前。B其实也讲得通，只是意思上不同，前者表示：不管我是富还是穷，我都要嫁给他。又如：Whetherrichorpoor，oldoryoung，allhavetodie.（新时代英汉大典）译文不管他是富还是穷，我都要嫁给他。Whetherit（he）beor结构，意为“不管（不论）是还是”表示让步，为虚拟语气的一种表达方式。其省略式为“beitor；beheor”等，句子必须倒装。如：Icantranslateallthes

13、ebooksintoChinese，betheyinEnglish，FrenchorLatin.例句Therebeingnodanger,thepolicewentbacktotheiroffice险情解除，警察回警局了。3虚拟语气用在由“whether”引导的让步状语从句中，从句谓语用原形动词。例如：Allenginesworkonthisprinciple,whethertheybelargeorsmall.所有发动机都按这一原理工作，无论它们是大还是小。Wemustfinishtheworkbeforewegohome,whetheritbeearlyorlate.无论时间早晩，我们必须

14、在回家前干完工作。Allmatter,whetheritbegas,liquidorsolid,ismadeupofatoms.所有物质，不论是气体，液体，或固体，都是由原子构成。在此句型中，可省去whether，而将be放在主语前。例如：Beitso,wemustcontinuetodothetest.Wemustdoourbesttofulfilthetask,beiteversohard.Example:Illmarryhimallthesame.a.Wereherichorpoorb.Beherichorpoorc.Whetherrichorpoord.Beingrichorpoor考

15、点4：itis(high/about)timethat的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。注意：在thisisthefirsttime/secondtimethat.句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。Thisisthesecondtimethatwehaveachievedsuchagreatsuccess.例如:pl863.Itshightimewecuttingdowntherainforests.（2006年54题）A.stoppedB.hadtostopshallstopD.stop2.Thatwasnotthefirsttimeheus.Ithinkitshightimewestr

16、ongactionsagainsthim.2005.betrayedtakeB.hadbetrayed.tookChasbetrayed.tookD.hasbetrayed.take3.“Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextsemester?”“Idontknow.Butitsabouttimeonsomething.”200252题IddecideB.IdecidedC.IdecideD.Imdeciding5IfyouhavereallybeenstudyingEnglishforlong,itsabouttimeyouabletowritelettersinEng

17、lish.(1999年49题)shouldbeB.wereC.mustbeD.are51.Itisessentialthatheallthefactsfirst.(2014)isexaminingB.willexamineC.examinesD.examineP18165.ItisabsolutelyessentialthatWilliamhisstudyinspiteofsomelearningdifficulties.2007A.willcontinueB.continuedC.continueD.continuesAdvisable,appropriate,desirable,essen

18、tial,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper60.Itisnecessarythathetheassignmentwithoutdelay.2010A.handinB.handsinC.musthandinD.hastohandinItisimperative/necessary/important等结构后的主语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，should加动词原形，should可省。6.Itisimperativethatthegovernmentmoreinvestmentintotheship

19、buildingindustry.（2006年59题）A.attractsBshallattractC.attracthastoattract7.Itisimperativethatstudentstheirtermpapersontime.（2004年46题）A.handinB.wouldhandinC.havetohandinD.handedin16.“Itsashamethatthecityofficialshouldhavegonebackonhisword.”ThemodalauxiliarySHOULDexpressB(2O17)P201AobligationBdisappoint

20、mentCfutureinthepastDtentativenessInspecificcontexts,shouldcandenoteemotionalfeelingsofsorrow,joy,displeasure,surprise,wonderItsapitythatheshouldleavesosoonItsunbelievablethatheshouldbeworkingsohardHowshouldIknow?Shouldisfoundinexpressionslike“Ishouldsay”“Ishouldthink.”Thehypotheticalformhereissimpl

21、ytoindicatethespeakersreluctancetocommithimselfonmattersofpersonalfeelingorjudgmentIshouldsayheisjusttherightmanforthejobWithoutanydefinitemodalmeaningIinsistedthathego/shouldgowithmeItisimperativethatTheorderthatForfearthat/sothat/lestWouldcanbeusedtomakeatactfulstatement,apoliterequest,andatentati

22、vesuggestionItwouldbeashametostopourworkhalfwayAtthatmoment,withthecrowdwatchingme,Iwasnotafraidintheordinarysense,asifIAalone.2017wouldhavebeen.hadbeenBshouldbehadbeenCcouldbewereDmighthavebeenwere19youradvice,Iwouldhavemadethewrongdecision.2016HadntitbeenforHaditnotbeenforHaditbeenforHadnotitbeenf

23、or52.HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,shemuchbetterresultsnow.2008pwouldbegettingcouldhavegotmustgetwouldgetThesentenceIwishIhadbeenmorecarefulinspendingmymoneyexpressesthespeakers2016hopejoyregretrelief184201615.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyourlawyer,heabletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(2015)(3

24、95/381)2005willbewaswouldbewere条件句的虚拟Ifyouaskedmetomorrow,Iwould(should,但以would较为普通)beabletogiveyoutheanswer.Whichofthefollowingsentencescontainssubjunctivemood?_.(2013)(p.181)Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore5oclock?181Sheusedtodrivetowork,butnowshetakesthecitymetro.Walkstraightahead,anddontturnt

25、illthesecondtrafficlights.PaulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday.Decide,decree,demand,insist,move,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,vote.54Mybossorderedthatthelegaldocumentstohimbeforelunch2013p181AbesentBweresentCweretobesentDmustbesent63.Ifittomorrow,thematchwould

26、beputoff.(2013P184)weretorainwastorainwasraininghadrainedIftherewerenosubjunctivemood,Englishmucheasiertolearn.couldhavebeenB.wouldbeC.willbeD.wouldhavebeen61.Itsgettinglate.Idratherynuw.(2011.P186)A.leftB.leaveC.areleavingD.willleave考查虚拟语气。wouldrather后面接从句时，表示主语宁愿某人做某事，从句要用虚拟语气，动词用一般过去式，表示希望。注意区分wo

27、uldrather其他两个惯用句式:wouldratherdosth.“宁愿做某事”:wouldratherdo.thando.“宁愿做而不愿做57.Weconsiderheshouldhaveleftwithouttellinganyonebeforehand.(2009)A.strangewhyitstrangewhatitstrangethatthatstrange60.Hewouldhavefinishedhiscollegeeducation,buthetoquitandfindajobtosupporthisfamily.2007hadhadB.hasC.hadD.wouldhav

28、e60Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningof“Shallwebuytheticketsfirst”?2012P200AHesaidthatweweregoingtobuytheticketsfirstBHerequestedthatwebuytheticketsfirstCHesuggestedthatwebuytheticketsfirstDHeadvisedustobuytheticketsfirst表示征求意见，advise建议他人应该怎么做，表示直接给出自己认为对的意见，没有征求的意思。Suggest说出自己的想法供对方参考,65.Whe

29、nthesentence“ShallIdriveyoutotheairportfirst?”isturnedintoindirectspeech,whichofthefollowingismostappropriate?（2014P）Heagreedtodrivemetotheairportfirst.Heofferedtodrivemetotheairportfirst.Headvisedmetogototheairportfirst.HesuggestedthatIdrivetotheairportfirst.Amongthefoursentencesbelow,Sentenceexpre

30、ssesthehighestdegreeofpossibility.(2016)p207Itmaytakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem.Itmighttakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem.Itcouldtakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem.Itshouldtakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem.Might,may,could,can,should,oughtto,would,will,mustWhichofthefollo

31、wingsentencesindicatesPOSSIBILITY?(2014)p193)Themooncannotalwaysbeatthefull.Youcannotsmokeinsidethebuilding.表示不许C.Hecannotcometoday.否定表示不可能。D.Shecannotplaythepiano.192泛指一般的能力Can表示可能，较多地用于否定句和疑问句19.whichofthefollowingsentencesexpressesafact?(2013p197)A.Maryandhersonmustbehomebynow.Carelessreadingmust

32、givepoorresults.表示必然，也是一种推测或推断，其口气最为肯定，一般用于肯定陈述句。197Hemustbeworkinglateattheoffice.采用进行体，作推测用法EpistemicP207allepistemicmodalscancombinewithaprogressiveinfinitive.Itsgettinglate,andImustleavenow.表推测，must可以采用完成体thepastformofepistemicmodalsarerealizedbyaddingaperfectiveinfinitive.Youmusthavethoughtabou

33、tthat.可以用于there-存在句canbeusedinexistentialsentencesTheremustbesomemistake.静态动词combinewithstativeverbsHemustbethere.主语可以是表示无生命物的名词词组beusedwithaninanimatesubjectItmustbeGeorge.ShefiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherataconference.2009hadbeenmustbehasbeenmusthavebeen56.ShefiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherattheconference.20

34、07A.mustbeB.hadbeenC.couldbeD.musthavebeen正确答案为D)对过去事情的肯定推测用musthavedone,否定推测用couldnthavedone.65Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpressesprobability?2008AYoumustleaveimmediatelyBYoumustbefeelingrathertiredCYoumustbeherebyeightoclockDYoumustcompletethereadingassignmentontime55Whichofthefollowingsentences

35、expressesWILLINGNESS?ABynowshewillbeeatingdinnerDefinitefuture,自然要发生的BIshallneverdothatagain2012P151P199CMybrotherwillhelpyouwiththeluggageDYoushallgetapromotion说话人的意愿63WhichofthefollowingitalicizedwordsdoesNOTindicatewillingness?(2015P198)A.Whatwillyoudowhenyougraduate?意图BTheywillbehomebynow198推测Wh

36、owillgowithme?意愿Whywillyougotherealone?决心解析：“will”可表如下的意思：可表“意愿”(willingness),即愿意做某事。如：Whowillgowithme?可表“意图”(intention)，即“打算”做某事。如：willwritetohertomorrow.可表“决心”(determination)，即坚持要做某事。如：Iwongobackonmywords.可表“推测”(prediction)，如：Bynowshewillbeeatingdinner.PREDICTABILITY64.ThesentencethatexpressesOFFE

37、Ris(2011)A.Illgetsomedrinks.Whatllyouhave?Doessheneedtobookaticketnow?MayIknowyourname?Canyoureturnthebooknextweek?D.将来做某件事的能力Nancysgonetoworkbuthercarsstillthere.Shebybus.2010A.musthavegoneoughttohavegoneshouldhavegonecouldhavegoneNancyhasgonetoworkbuthercarsstillthere她已经去工作了但是车还在那musthavegone表示肯定的

38、猜测(她肯定是坐公交车去的)shouldhavedone/oughttohavedone都表示本来应该couldhavedone本来可以musthavedone应该就是本句是对已发生事情的肯定推测.所以用“must+havedone”的形式，故选A。61.Arentyoutired?Iyouhaddoneenoughfortoday.(2009)shouldhavethoughtmusthavethoughtmighthavethoughtcouldhavethoughtTIP：该题考查情态动词语气上的差别，答案为A,意思是“今天你累坏了吧？我本来应该想到你今天已经忙了一天的。”B答案是表示对过去事情的判断，不符合上下文意思。52.53.“Youborrowmynotesprovidedyoutakecareofthem,”Itoldmyfriend.2007194A.couldB.shouldC.mustD.can正确答案为D).can表示许可/建议,在